draining development.pdf - Khazar University

Index 521informal economy, 145, 150–51institutional obstacles to lawenforcement encouraging illegaleconomic activities, 149–54land concentration and lack ofgovernmental territorial control,151–53, 166n6need for, 145, 146policy responses to, 492–93Monfrini, Enrico, 422, 423Montesinos, Vladimiro, 384, 389–90,391f, 406, 501Moore, Mick, 7, 15, 457, 485Morck, R., 216Moreno-Dodson, B., 90Morgan, T., 310Morgenstern, O., 312Mozambique, tax collection in, 91Mulgan, G., 462multinational corporations and IFFs, 5,11–13, 205, 206, 209, 236. Seealso international profit shifting,tax-induced; trade mispricing;transfer pricing and transferprice manipulationMurphy, P., 187Murphy, Richard, 12–13, 265, 269, 276,277, 281, 287, 294, 295, 301,304n21, 342–43, 350, 353, 488,491Murray, R., 223Mutti, J., 121, 216Myanmar, drug economy in, 492, 493NNaím, Moisés, 4Namibia, and AML controls, 374, 375,377, 401–2, 402b, 406, 408n3Narciso, G., 323Nassau, kleptocratic IFFs to, 422National Narcotics Directorate (DNE),Colombia, 155–56Natke, P., 224natural resource rents, 463–64, 478n3Nauru, and AML controls, 375, 406Naya, S., 310Ndikumana, L., 88Netherlandsdrug production in, 502n12human trafficking in, 179, 494international profit shifting,tax-induced, 113tax evasion in, 98n45tax havens, Dutch corporations withsubsidiaries in, 296, 297NGOs. See nongovernmentalorganizationsNicaragua, kleptocratic outflows from,146, 392–93Nicaraguan Democratic Foundation(FDN), 393Niger, tax evasion in, 80NigeriaAML controls and, 374, 375, 406,407anticorruption agencies, emasculationof, 448corrupt regime and IFFs from, 496kleptocracy cases inAbache family. See Abache, Sani,and familyAlamieyeseigha case, 428–34effectiveness of, 488research agenda for IFFs and, 500tax evasion in, 78–79as weak state, 466–67, 468Nitsch, Volker, 9, 13, 268, 309, 329, 498nongovernmental organizations(NGOs). See also specificorganizationskleptocratic prosecutions by, 448,452n46tax evasion and, 110, 114, 122TPM studies by, 209, 266–67, 285–86Nordin, J., 35