draining development.pdf - Khazar University

Index 513Ethiopia, and tax havens, 364European Union (EU)AML controls and, 380–81, 401n24asymmetries in Australia-EU trade,statistical reasons for, 314, 316tIFRSs, adoption of, 294missing trader VAT fraud in intra-EUtrade, 313–14tax havens and, 124, 490Everest-Philipps, Max, 7, 8–9, 69, 354,486Export-Import Bank of China, 402bextractive industries, proneness to TPMin, 285–88, 301Extractive Industries TransparencyInitiative, 287, 475FFalcon Flights Incorporated, 428, 429FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionariasde Colombia), 151–52FATF (Financial Action Task Force), 14,63, 164, 354, 375, 398–400,405–6, 487, 489–90FDI. See foreign direct investmentFDN (Nicaraguan DemocraticFoundation), 393Félix, Arellano, 492Financial Action Task Force (FATF), 14,63, 164, 354, 375, 398–400,405–6, 487, 489–90financial crisesColombian financial crisis of 1999,151global financial crisis of 2008, 22,338, 348–50Latin American debt crisis of early1980s, 27–28financial flows, illicit. See illicit financialflowsfinancial institutions and banks, asrecipients of criminal proceeds,385–87, 386t, 446financial intelligence units (FIUs) andAML controls, 374, 375, 378–79,384, 392, 396, 398–401, 403–4,406–7, 408n7financial secrecy index (FSI), 339,345–47, 365financialization, 461–62Finland, tax collection in, 91Firth, M., 226–27Fisman, R., 310, 311, 313FIUs (financial intelligence units) andAML controls, 374, 375, 378–79,384, 392, 396, 398–401, 403–4,406–7, 408n7Fjeldstad, O.-H., 33Foley, C. F., 124, 356–57forced labor, slavery, and servitude, 178,180, 182f. See also humantraffickingforeign claims on banks data regardingtax havens, 360foreign direct investment (FDI)capital flight distinguished, 28–29money laundering in Colombiaand, 159–61, 160fmultinational corporations and,236tax elasticity of, 251–53, 261–62n24tax havens and, 360tax-induced international profitshifting and, 120foreign exchange controlsColombian switch to open economyfrom, 158–61TPM and, 214Forest Laboratories, 206–7fragile developersIFF analytical framework for, 45,53–57, 58tweak states, in typology of politicaljurisdictions. See under politicaleconomy of IFFs