draining development.pdf - Khazar University

512 IndexCyprus, kleptocratic IFFs to, 428, 429,431, 433, 434DDabla-Norris, E., 314Daniel, Tim, 6, 14–15, 381, 415, 466,488Daura, Mr., 420–21de Boyrie, M. E., 121, 310Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, 301Democratic Republic of Congo. SeeCongo, Democratic Republic ofDenmarkkleptocratic IFFs to, 428, 429, 431,433, 434tax gap in, 95n8Desai, M. A., 124, 356–57Deutsche Bundesbank, Microdatabaseon Direct Investment, 137developing countries, outflows of illicitfunds from. See illicit financialflowsdevelopment financing gap, 1–2Di John, J., 88Direct Investment and MultinationalCompanies Database, U.S.Bureau of Economic Analysis,137dirty money approach to capital flight,32–36, 36tDischinger, M., 267disembedded capitalism, 462dividend-collecting, 74–77Djibouti, and tax havens, 364double tax agreements (DTAs), 267, 284drug markets and IFFs. See alsoanti-money laundering (AML)controlsdeveloped economies and, 502n12globalized drug economy, 464–67Mexico, drug trade in, 163, 199n10,492, 493money laundering in Colombia and,146, 161–64, 492–93policy responses to, 492–93DTAs (double tax agreements), 267, 284Dumas, V., 389–90Duvalier, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc,”446–47EEast Asiacapital flight restrictions in, 49tax havens, effects of, 364Eastern and Southern AfricaAnti–Money Laundering Group,385, 386Eden, Lorraine, 11–12, 205, 206, 212,213, 223, 224, 340–41, 491, 497Egmont FIU Group, 379, 406Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN),Colombia, 151–52El Salvador, and human trafficking,186–87Elf-Aquitaine, 384Ellis, F., 223ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional),Colombia, 151–52emigration. See migrationENITEL, 393Enriquez, Laarni, 395Enron, 209Epstein, G. A., 31–32Equatorial Guinea, and trademispricing, 329Equitable PCI Bank, 395Eritrea, and tax havens, 364Ernst & Young, 301ESCAP (United Nations Economic andSocial Commission for Asia andthe Pacific), 223Escobar, Pablo, 156, 492, 493Estonia, tax evasion in, 81Estrada, Joseph Ejercito, 395, 396, 403