draining development.pdf - Khazar University

Human Trafficking and International Financial Flows 181market, and the purchasers buy it. The overall market would have thespecificity that, occasionally, an individual may, if he has recovered someautonomy, put himself on the market and become both supplier andmerchandise.The market for human beings is not an ordinary market. The usualpublic policy recipes will not work in the same way they work on a classicalmarket. Criminalization, for instance, directly affects the supply ofand the demand for the merchandise (prostitution, organs, slaves, and soon), but it only has a limited and delayed impact on the flow of individualswho cross borders, whether on their own initiative or under the dominationof a criminal group. The important point is that the supply ofimmigrants is not directly affected by the repression of a market segment.Thus, it takes time before repression on the markets of rich countriesaffects the supply of migration. Numerous buffers slow the transmissionof incentives.The Hope of a Promised LandThe value of accounting is to make goods that are not homogeneous intogoods that are homogeneous. A dollar adds to a dollar, but what is therein common between a dollar paid by the clandestine immigrant to hissmuggler and the dollar spent by a prostitute’s customer? To understandclearly the nature of the various flows of money, we must examine andcompare the corresponding components. Figure 6.1 summarizes thefunctioning of human trafficking.Figure 6.1 shows that the supply of and demand for services (forcedor not) in the markets for sex, illegal X-rated movies, organ transplants,slaves, and so on can be provided by a direct connection between thesuppliers and the consumers in exchange (or not) for money. The suppliersof the criminal services can provide the connection. These criminalorganizations or public employees corrupted by individual criminalscan offer help to the illegal workers and services to consumers. In compensation,they receive money, which will be laundered if the sums arebig, the flows are repeated, or the activity is connected to a criminalorganization.