Service Contract No 2007 / 147-446 Strategic ... - Swaziland

5.2.1.3 Water usage and demand in SwazilandThe potential supply of surface water available for use within Swaziland averages about2,630 Mm 3 /yr, which is equivalent to an average flow rate of about 80 m 3 /s.The estimated water usage by irrigation throughout the country is about 992 Mm 3 /yr (53m 3 /s). The maximum potential assured yield is about 1500 Mm 3 /yr (47.6 m 3 /s) (KnightPiésold, 1997). The water usage estimates for 1996 is presented in Table 4.Table 4: Estimated water usage in Swaziland in 1996Water use Amount (Mm 3 ) %Domestic Rural 9.75 0.9Urban 14.43 1.4Livestock 12.51 1.2Industry 12.02 1.2Irrigation 992.65 95.3Total 1,041.36 100(Source: Knight Piésold, 1997)The demand for water is strongly increasing as a result of expanding irrigation, industrialactivities and domestic and other uses.Table 5 shows the water usage per sector in the country’s river basins, drawn from the worksof several authors. Current sectoral water demand in Swaziland is approximated as follows:irrigated agriculture (96%), livestock (1%), industrial (1%) and domestic (2%). The industrialforest sector is also using large amounts of water; however, directly derived from rain andsubstantially reducing runoff.Table 5: Estimated water demand (Mm 3 /yr) on major river basins (1997)River basin / SectorKomati(incl.Lomati)Mbuluzi Usuthu Ngwavuma PongolaIrrigation* 176.0 140.0 280.0 32.2 6.4Urban domestic 22.0 15.0 12.036 0.468 2.0Rural domestic 3.043 0.961Industry and others (University, schools, etc.) 12.437 0Livestock 9.74 2.061Fishery 0.191 0.034Forestry 50.0 0.1 62.963 0.024 0.5Hydropower ---- --- 525.6 23.7 ----Tourism ---- --- 0.56 100.2 ----Ecological reserve 95.0 92.0 523.6 29.7 12.0Total 343 247,1 1430,2 189,3 20,9* Based on crop water requirements(Source: IUCN Study: Water Demand Management Programme, 2006)RDMU (Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 37