Service Contract No 2007 / 147-446 Strategic ... - Swaziland

4.4 Land and land tenureLand tenure in Swaziland falls under two main categories: communal land held in trust by theKing on behalf of the Swazi nation, called Swazi Nation Land (SNL), which comprises about74% of the territory, and land under Title Deed (Title Deed Land – TDL), comprising about26%. SNL is administered by the Chiefs; however, part of the SNL is controlled bygovernment, parastatals or companies. TDL is mainly used for industrial timber plantations,livestock production and sugar cane, and the SNL area for communal extensive grazing andsubsistence farming.4.5 Water resources and water qualityThere are five major river systems in Swaziland: Lomati, Komati, Mbuluzi, Usuthu andNgwavuma (see Figure 3). All five are transboundary river systems. The Lomati, Komati andUsuthu originate in South Africa, pass through Swaziland, back to South Africa and finish atthe Indian Ocean through Mozambique. The Mbuluzi and the Ngwayuma Rivers bothoriginate in Swaziland; the former flows into Mozambique, whereas the latter flows into SouthAfrica (joining the Pongola River in South Africa) before entering Mozambique. A sixth riversystem contributing surface water is the Pongola River, found on the South African sidesouth of Swaziland; the Jozini dam built in South Africa floods some land on the Swazilandside and its water is available for use in Swaziland.There are 11 major dams in Swaziland that store water for irrigation, domestic and industrialpurposes, with a combined storage capacity of 743.2 Mm 3 (see Table 1).Table 1:Main storage dams in SwazilandName River system Capacity (Mm 3 )Hendrick Van Eck Usuthu 10.4Luphohlo dam Usuthu 23.6Mnkinkomo weir Usuthu 3.2Lubovane dam Usuthu 155Nyetane dam Usuthu 6.0Sivunga dam Usuthu 6.9Maguga dam Komati 332Sand River dam Komati 50Mnjoli dam Mbuluzi 153Hawane dam Mbuluzi 2.75Lavumisa dam Pongola 0.35Source: Manyatsi and Brown (2009)RDMU (Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 23