Service Contract No 2007 / 147-446 Strategic ... - Swaziland

More documents

Recommendations

Info

United Nations Environment Programme (2005) Standardized Toolkit for Identification andQuantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases, Edition 2.1, prepared by UNEP Chemicals,Geneva, Switzerland.VAC (2009) Swaziland Annual Vulnerability Assessment & Analysis Report.Vakakis International S.A. (2000) Environmental Impact Assessment Study on the ProposedLower Usuthu Small-Holder Irrigation Development Project, Project Nr. 8 SW 6WaterResources Authority - Jamaica (2002) The impact of dunder fertilization of canefields onsurface and groundwater quality, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica, January 2002.Van Waveren, E and J.V. Nhlengetfwa (1992) Agro-climatic characterization of Swaziland,FAO/UNDP/GOS Land Use Planning for Rational Utilization of Land and Water ResourcesProject SWA/89/001. Field Doc. 1, Mbabane.Water Resources Authority - Jamaica (2003) The impact of dunder fertilization of canefieldson surface and groundwater quality, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica, February 2003.Watson, HK; Garland, GG; Purchase, B; Dercas, N; Griffee, P; Johnson, FX (2008)Bioenergy for Sustainable Development and Global Competitiveness: the Case of SugarCane in Southern Africa, Thematic Report 1: Agriculture, CARENSA/SEI special reportseries.Whalley, A (nd) Reviewing ‘Emergencies’ for Swaziland: Shifting the Paradigm in a New Era.Woods, J; Diaz-Chavez, R; Mapako, M; Farioli, F; Bocci, E; Zuccari, F; Johnon, FX,Bioenergy for Sustainable Development and Global Competitiveness: the Case of SugarCane in Southern Africa, Thematic Report 4: Impacts, CARENSA/SEI special report series.World Vision (2007) Swaziland Annual Report 2007.WWF (nd) Sugar and the Environment, Encouraging Better Management Practices in SugarProduction.Yahya, S; Guest, I; Kibua, T; Mohamed, T; Okoth-Ogendo, HWO and P. Soni (1986)Swaziland National Physical Development Plan, Ministry of Natural Resources, LandUtilization and Energy. Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners (Africa), Mbabane.RDMU (Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 188
Annex 10: Terms of ReferenceTERMS OF REFERENCEFor the assignment of an Strategic Environment Assessment Study for the SwazilandNational Adaptation Strategy (NAS)1 BACKGROUNDSwaziland has an agricultural based economy, for which the sugar sector plays an importantrole. Sugar is also a key raw material for the agro-processing manufacturing sector. Thesugar industry can be segmented into three parts: sugar cane growing, milling andmarketing. Whilst the millers through large estates have predominantly undertaken sugarcane growing, the last decade has seen the entry of more medium and small-scale farmers.This was due to the lucrative economies of sugar cane growing as opposed to otheragricultural activities. Recent developments have come to challenge this scenario. Therecent European Union (EU) sugar sector reforms are a significant factor in the shift ofdynamics. The sucrose price (paid to the sugar cane farmer) is a function of the final(average) sugar price obtainable from sales to different markets.Swaziland has historically depended on the EU market for its sugar sales (through the EU-ACP Sugar Protocol), wherein Swaziland was selling about a quarter of its output at pricesabout three times the world market price. Given this high exposure, the EU reformschallenge the very viability of the sugar industry in Swaziland. This is more pronounced forsmallholder sugar cane growers who are facing several challenges, making their operationsmarginally viable at the obtaining prices, and even more precarious under the mid-termoutlook.In order to adjust to the EU Sugar Market Organisation, Swaziland has prepared a NationalAdaptation Strategy (NAS) which is a response to the declining performance of the sugarsector and is in particular a mitigation measure against the negative effects on the sugarsector and the wider economy that will result from the reform of the European Union sugarmarket (EU Sugar Market Organisation). The NAS foresees activities and investments to befunded amounting to € 350 million.The European Commission seeks to support Swaziland in the process of adaptation to theSugar Market Organisation by co-financing important components of the NAS. One importantcontribution the EC will make within this adaptation process is the financing of the RDMUwhich is a semi-autonomous project implementation unit being in charge of the coordinationand facilitation of the NAS implementation. Apart from the RDMU, a major fundingcontribution of the European Commission puts emphasis on the following three focal areas:• Improving the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the Swazi sugar sector along the valuechain (farmers, transporters, sugar factories and export);• Facilitating diversification resulting in less dependency on the sugar sector;• Supporting the decentralisation and outsourcing of services up to now provided by thesugar sector.Further to the EC’s Response Strategy to the NAS, a Multi-annual Indicative Programme tocover programmes for the period 2007-10 has been developed. In it, assistance tosmallholder farmers as well as major stakeholders of the sugar sector have been prioritisedRDMU (Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 189
Page 1 and 2:
Restructuring and DiversificationMa
Page 3 and 4:
DISCLAIMERThe contents of this repo
Page 5 and 6:
5.7.2 Expected impacts in absence o
Page 7 and 8:
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Page 9 and 10:
HIVHPIIAIAIDIPCCIPPISOITFIWRMJWCKDD
Page 11 and 12:
PSIRBARDMUREASWARMFRPDPRSARSSCSS&MS
Page 13 and 14:
UNEPUNFCCCUNICEFUNISWAUSUS$VACVCTWF
Page 15 and 16:
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSwaziland has be
Page 17 and 18:
- In spite of the above water-stora
Page 19 and 20:
to keep the same quality), destruct
Page 21 and 22:
ooooMust be based on a basin-wide h
Page 23 and 24:
ooooMust address the socio-economic
Page 25 and 26:
- Optimal use should be made of thi
Page 27 and 28:
2 BACKGROUND2.1 The EU sugar reform
Page 29 and 30:
eing implemented directly by the in
Page 31 and 32:
for implementation. For future StrE
Page 33 and 34:
operating in Swaziland, one in Simu
Page 35 and 36:
4.2 Climate and climate changeSwazi
Page 37 and 38:
4.4 Land and land tenureLand tenure
Page 39 and 40:
Most of the water in Swaziland (96%
Page 41 and 42:
−−−Decline in biodiversity (m
Page 43 and 44:
Figure 6: Cause-effect relationship
Page 45 and 46:
Figure 8:Cause-effect relationships
Page 47 and 48:
Figure 10:Cause-effect relationship
Page 49 and 50:
economic and social welfare in an e
Page 51 and 52:
5.2.1.3 Water usage and demand in S
Page 53 and 54:
Table 7:Capacity, use, types and ch
Page 55 and 56:
5.2.1.5 The Komati Downstream Devel
Page 57 and 58:
Table 8: Industry area (ha) by irri
Page 59 and 60:
5.2.2 Expected impacts in absence o
Page 61 and 62:
ipening period. Presence of pests a
Page 63 and 64:
5.2.2.5 Effects of future water sho
Page 65 and 66:
As was noted in the scoping report,
Page 67 and 68:
contribute to poverty alleviation.
Page 69 and 70:
sufficient to cover all the farmers
Page 71 and 72:
which revealed that 66% of the popu
Page 73 and 74:
funds, and they then have to mark u
Page 75 and 76:
contracts; in practical terms there
Page 77 and 78:
The United Nations Conference on Tr
Page 79 and 80:
safety net would alleviate fears ar
Page 81 and 82:
Table 11:Species diversity by ecosy
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 19:Distribution of endemic p
Page 85 and 86:
mostly on paper, are not cross-sect
Page 87 and 88:
particularly true where mitigation
Page 89 and 90:
Enforcement of legislation is key t
Page 91 and 92:
In general, however, the HIV preval
Page 93 and 94:
The HAPAC Programme applied two imp
Page 95 and 96:
The company implements an HIV/AIDS
Page 97 and 98:
improving co-ordination; to have a
Page 99 and 100:
measures of the NAS, the RDMU indic
Page 101 and 102:
sustainable business. Based on ISO
Page 103 and 104:
Table 15:Synthesis of advantages an
Page 105 and 106:
Considering an approximate total of
Page 107 and 108:
Many factors intervene in determini
Page 109 and 110:
The legal responsibilities for the
Page 111 and 112:
5.8 Key aspect 7: Regulation of eff
Page 113 and 114:
effluent standards. Otherwise there
Page 115 and 116:
5.9.4 Options to address the key as
Page 117 and 118:
Table 17:NAS logframe indicators ne
Page 119 and 120:
IndicatorObjective 1a: Positive and
Page 121 and 122:
IndicatorObjective 1a: Positive and
Page 123 and 124:
6.2 Proposed StrEA performance indi
Page 125 and 126:
Indicator Measurement ObservationsL
Page 127 and 128:
Indicator Measurement ObservationsR
Page 129 and 130:
7.1 Addressing High Priority aspect
Page 131 and 132:
RECOMMENDATION INVOLVED INSTITUTION
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
H. REGULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC EMISSI
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
NAS Area Description Proposed measu
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 29:Environmental and socio-e
Page 151 and 152: NAS ACTIONSWater balanceCont. of gr
Page 153 and 154: NAS ACTIONSWater balanceCont. of gr
Page 155 and 156: Annex 3: Key stakeholdersTable 19:M
Page 157 and 158: Institutional ActorMinistry of Natu
Page 159 and 160: Institutional ActorSwaziland SugarA
Page 161 and 162: Institutional ActorDepartment of Wa
Page 163 and 164: Table 20:Other key stakeholders rel
Page 165 and 166: StakeholderRiver BasinAuthorities (
Page 167 and 168: StakeholderWorld VisionWorld FoodPr
Page 169 and 170: Annex 4: Main policy documents and
Page 171 and 172: Policy, Plan orProgrammeNational Re
Page 173 and 174: Policy, Plan orProgrammeComprehensi
Page 175 and 176: Policy, Plan orProgrammeNational En
Page 177 and 178: Policy, Plan orProgrammeDraft Natio
Page 179 and 180: Piece of legislationNational TrustC
Page 181 and 182: Piece of legislationThe Public Heal
Page 183 and 184: Piece of legislationTreaty on devel
Page 185 and 186: Piece of legislationUnited NationsF
Page 187 and 188: Annex 5: Stakeholder engagement met
Page 189 and 190: Date Time Place Name Organisation P
Page 191 and 192: StrEA STUDY PHASEDate Time Place Na
Page 193 and 194: Annex 7: List of participants to th
Page 195 and 196: Annex 8: Agenda for the stakeholder
Page 197 and 198: Cortez, LAB and Brossard Pérez, LE
Page 199 and 200: Matsebula, M (2009) EC Accompanying
Page 201: Seebaluck, V.; Leal, MRLV; Rosillo-
Page 205 and 206: 2.2. Requested services for the fir
Page 207 and 208: under consideration. The consultant
Page 209 and 210: 2.5.4. Analysis of performance indi
Page 211 and 212: • Fluency in both written and spo
show all

Service Contract No 2007 / 147-446 Strategic ... - Swaziland

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?