Service Contract No 2007 / 147-446 Strategic ... - Swaziland

More documents

Recommendations

Info

RecommendationsAddressing high-priority aspectsClimate change- The National Climate Change Office, Swaziland Meteorological Service, NationalWater Authority, Department of Water Affairs, River Basin Authorities, along with bulkwater users, relevant government departments, sections and ministries, and thescientific community responsible for climate change planning, must develop astrategy to adapt to the impact of climate change notably on water resources withinthe sugar sector, and be reflected in basin-wide water management planning.- The Strategy:ooooooooooWater availabilityMust establish the scale, significance and economic impact of climate changeinduced impacts on water resources through technical and scientific studies;Must develop, collate and collect relevant baseline information to inform thestrategy;Must identify the spatial and temporal impacts of climate change on irrigationwater requirements and yields for sugar cane;Must assess any beneficial effects of climate change on yield due to increasedCO 2 concentrations that might offset the potentially negative impacts ofincreased irrigation needs;Must identify realistic and achievable adaptation measures to be implementedby the sugar sector that may include improvements in irrigation watermanagement practices (e.g. irrigation scheduling and improvements inirrigation efficiencies);Must include a situational analysis of the institutional capacity of River BasinAuthorities and other related structures to implement their mandate asdescribed in the Water Act, 2003;Must be discussed and agreed with all key stakeholders;Must include quantified objectives and time-bound targets;Must define responsibilities; andMust include a mechanism to report implementation and achievement oftargets and objectives, on a regular basis.- The National Water Authority, Department of Water Affairs, River Basin Authorities,bulk water users, and national authorities and the water management communityresponsible for water resource planning, must develop a strategy to addressshortcomings in national water management and be reflected in a water managementand use strategy to improve sector wide irrigation efficiencies and strengthen RBAcapacity.- The Strategy:oMust address the shortfall in technical and financial capacity of RBAs toenable the RBAs to execute their mandated responsibilities;RDMU (Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 6
ooooMust be based on a basin-wide hydrological assessment of the water balancefor the Komati, Mbuluzi, Usuthu and Ngwavuma river basins;Must propose measures to be taken up by irrigators to improve their overallwater use efficiencies by moving from surface methods of irrigation to moreefficient sprinkler, centre pivot and drip systems;Must include recommendations on how to improve water governance at basinlevel; andMust include a sugar sector water footprint assessment (direct and operationalfootprint).Long-term social and environmental sustainability of small-cane growers- To evaluate the management models for small cane growers currently promoted bydevelopers (e.g. Millers and SWADE) and the Swaziland Sugar Association (SSA).An evaluation would comprise a SWOT analysis of current models, and comparingthe models with other options (such as co-operatives). Particular consideration needbe given to the feasibility of outsourcing the management of Farmers’ Associations(FAs), employing an outside private company to manage all the FAs in onedevelopment, such as in LUSIP and KDDP, and thus taking direct managementresponsibility away from the farmers themselves.The evaluation process would involve intense public participation at all levels, andparticularly with the farmers themselves. It would require a supplementary educationprocess, to ensure that the different options are presented before informed decisionsare made.- To strengthen the capacity building and training of farmers, particularly in skillsrelating to the entire managing of farms, individually and as part of a FA. One bodyneeds to be designated the task of monitoring training across-the-board in theprocess ensuring that the training offered is appropriate to the requirements offarmers, is of a high level, is standardised across the country, and is beingimplemented, reaching all those in need.- In order to address concerns around a ‘safety net’, to ensure social safeguardsagainst potential failure of sugar cane farming through allocating portions of land toalternative viable crops and livestock farming.- To undertake a cost-benefit analysis of the socio-economic impacts of increasedmechanisation on the sugar industry, particularly the potential change in the currentcost structure and the ultimate net return for the grower and income. Mechanisationwill have both positive and negative effects; it may reduce labour requirements (thusindirectly related to HIV/AIDS) and labour costs, yet result in higher investment inequipment and energy costs, and cause the loss of jobs and potentially increaselevels of poverty. Research into mechanisation would thus link in with broader socioeconomicimpacts.- In order to reduce energy costs, an energy efficiency audit for the small- and mediumscalegrowers should be undertaken to identify savings measures and equipment.Loss of biodiversity- The Swaziland Environment Authority (SEA) and the Swaziland National TrustCommission (SNTC), along with relevant stakeholders must develop a strategy toaddress the loss or degradation of biodiversity associated with an expanding sugarsector, the displacement of livestock and lack of compliance and monitoring for allsugar projects.RDMU (Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 7
Page 1 and 2: Restructuring and DiversificationMa
Page 3 and 4: DISCLAIMERThe contents of this repo
Page 5 and 6: 5.7.2 Expected impacts in absence o
Page 7 and 8: List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Page 9 and 10: HIVHPIIAIAIDIPCCIPPISOITFIWRMJWCKDD
Page 11 and 12: PSIRBARDMUREASWARMFRPDPRSARSSCSS&MS
Page 13 and 14: UNEPUNFCCCUNICEFUNISWAUSUS$VACVCTWF
Page 15 and 16: 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSwaziland has be
Page 17 and 18: - In spite of the above water-stora
Page 19: to keep the same quality), destruct
Page 23 and 24: ooooMust address the socio-economic
Page 25 and 26: - Optimal use should be made of thi
Page 27 and 28: 2 BACKGROUND2.1 The EU sugar reform
Page 29 and 30: eing implemented directly by the in
Page 31 and 32: for implementation. For future StrE
Page 33 and 34: operating in Swaziland, one in Simu
Page 35 and 36: 4.2 Climate and climate changeSwazi
Page 37 and 38: 4.4 Land and land tenureLand tenure
Page 39 and 40: Most of the water in Swaziland (96%
Page 41 and 42: −−−Decline in biodiversity (m
Page 43 and 44: Figure 6: Cause-effect relationship
Page 45 and 46: Figure 8:Cause-effect relationships
Page 47 and 48: Figure 10:Cause-effect relationship
Page 49 and 50: economic and social welfare in an e
Page 51 and 52: 5.2.1.3 Water usage and demand in S
Page 53 and 54: Table 7:Capacity, use, types and ch
Page 55 and 56: 5.2.1.5 The Komati Downstream Devel
Page 57 and 58: Table 8: Industry area (ha) by irri
Page 59 and 60: 5.2.2 Expected impacts in absence o
Page 61 and 62: ipening period. Presence of pests a
Page 63 and 64: 5.2.2.5 Effects of future water sho
Page 65 and 66: As was noted in the scoping report,
Page 67 and 68: contribute to poverty alleviation.
Page 69 and 70: sufficient to cover all the farmers
Page 71 and 72:
which revealed that 66% of the popu
Page 73 and 74:
funds, and they then have to mark u
Page 75 and 76:
contracts; in practical terms there
Page 77 and 78:
The United Nations Conference on Tr
Page 79 and 80:
safety net would alleviate fears ar
Page 81 and 82:
Table 11:Species diversity by ecosy
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 19:Distribution of endemic p
Page 85 and 86:
mostly on paper, are not cross-sect
Page 87 and 88:
particularly true where mitigation
Page 89 and 90:
Enforcement of legislation is key t
Page 91 and 92:
In general, however, the HIV preval
Page 93 and 94:
The HAPAC Programme applied two imp
Page 95 and 96:
The company implements an HIV/AIDS
Page 97 and 98:
improving co-ordination; to have a
Page 99 and 100:
measures of the NAS, the RDMU indic
Page 101 and 102:
sustainable business. Based on ISO
Page 103 and 104:
Table 15:Synthesis of advantages an
Page 105 and 106:
Considering an approximate total of
Page 107 and 108:
Many factors intervene in determini
Page 109 and 110:
The legal responsibilities for the
Page 111 and 112:
5.8 Key aspect 7: Regulation of eff
Page 113 and 114:
effluent standards. Otherwise there
Page 115 and 116:
5.9.4 Options to address the key as
Page 117 and 118:
Table 17:NAS logframe indicators ne
Page 119 and 120:
IndicatorObjective 1a: Positive and
Page 121 and 122:
IndicatorObjective 1a: Positive and
Page 123 and 124:
6.2 Proposed StrEA performance indi
Page 125 and 126:
Indicator Measurement ObservationsL
Page 127 and 128:
Indicator Measurement ObservationsR
Page 129 and 130:
7.1 Addressing High Priority aspect
Page 131 and 132:
RECOMMENDATION INVOLVED INSTITUTION
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
H. REGULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC EMISSI
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
NAS Area Description Proposed measu
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 29:Environmental and socio-e
Page 151 and 152:
NAS ACTIONSWater balanceCont. of gr
Page 153 and 154:
NAS ACTIONSWater balanceCont. of gr
Page 155 and 156:
Annex 3: Key stakeholdersTable 19:M
Page 157 and 158:
Institutional ActorMinistry of Natu
Page 159 and 160:
Institutional ActorSwaziland SugarA
Page 161 and 162:
Institutional ActorDepartment of Wa
Page 163 and 164:
Table 20:Other key stakeholders rel
Page 165 and 166:
StakeholderRiver BasinAuthorities (
Page 167 and 168:
StakeholderWorld VisionWorld FoodPr
Page 169 and 170:
Annex 4: Main policy documents and
Page 171 and 172:
Policy, Plan orProgrammeNational Re
Page 173 and 174:
Policy, Plan orProgrammeComprehensi
Page 175 and 176:
Policy, Plan orProgrammeNational En
Page 177 and 178:
Policy, Plan orProgrammeDraft Natio
Page 179 and 180:
Piece of legislationNational TrustC
Page 181 and 182:
Piece of legislationThe Public Heal
Page 183 and 184:
Piece of legislationTreaty on devel
Page 185 and 186:
Piece of legislationUnited NationsF
Page 187 and 188:
Annex 5: Stakeholder engagement met
Page 189 and 190:
Date Time Place Name Organisation P
Page 191 and 192:
StrEA STUDY PHASEDate Time Place Na
Page 193 and 194:
Annex 7: List of participants to th
Page 195 and 196:
Annex 8: Agenda for the stakeholder
Page 197 and 198:
Cortez, LAB and Brossard Pérez, LE
Page 199 and 200:
Matsebula, M (2009) EC Accompanying
Page 201 and 202:
Seebaluck, V.; Leal, MRLV; Rosillo-
Page 203 and 204:
Annex 10: Terms of ReferenceTERMS O
Page 205 and 206:
2.2. Requested services for the fir
Page 207 and 208:
under consideration. The consultant
Page 209 and 210:
2.5.4. Analysis of performance indi
Page 211 and 212:
• Fluency in both written and spo
show all

Service Contract No 2007 / 147-446 Strategic ... - Swaziland

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?