ISO (2004) ISO 14001:2004 Environmental management systems – Requirements withguidance for use. (Technical Corrigendum available from 15/07/2009).Italtrend (2009) Mid Term Evaluation of the Restructuring and Management Unit (RDMU) toCo-ordinate the Implementation of the National Adaptation Strategy to the EU Sugar Reform,Swazilan, prepared by R Timmer and I Harmond for the European Commission.IUCN (2006) Water Demand Management Programme.James, G (2004) Sugar cane, 2 nd edition, Blackwell Publishing: Oxford.JIBS (2001) Joint Inkomati Basin Study Phase 2, Consultec in association with BKS Acres,Final Draft, April 2001.Johnson, FX and Matsika, E (2006) Bio-energy trade and regional development: the case ofbio-ethanol in southern Africa, Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol X <strong>No</strong>. 1, pp 42-53.Johnson, FX; Woods, J; Rosillo-Calle, F; Brown, G; Seebaluck, V; Watson, H; Yamba, F;Mapako, M; Jolly, L; Farioli, F; Leal MRLV; and Sobhanbabu, ORK (<strong>2007</strong>) Cane Energy forSustainable Development and Economic Competitiveness in Southern Africa, Presented atthe ISSCT XXVI Congress, 29 July-2 August <strong>2007</strong>: Durban, South Africa.Kingdom of <strong>Swaziland</strong> (2009) <strong>Swaziland</strong> Annual Vulnerability Assessment and AnalysisReport.Kingdom of <strong>Swaziland</strong> and European Commission (2005a) End-of-Project Assessment of theCoverage of Home Based Care in <strong>No</strong>rthern Lubombo Region, June 2005.Kingdom of <strong>Swaziland</strong> and European Commission (2005b) End-of-Project Assessment of theQuality of STI Care in the Public Health Sector of <strong>Swaziland</strong>, March 2005.Knight Pièsold (1997) Government of <strong>Swaziland</strong>: Water Sector Situation Report, KnightPièsold Consulting Engineers, Mbabane.Knox, JW; Rodríguez Díaz, JA; Nixon, DJ; and Mkhwazani, M (2010) A preliminaryassessment of climate change impacts on sugar cane in <strong>Swaziland</strong>, Agricultural Systems,103 (2010): 63-72.Lankford, BA (2001) The Rise of Large Scale Formal Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in<strong>Swaziland</strong>; an appropriate solution for rural livelihoods and agricultural production? Issuepaper, School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, <strong>No</strong>rwich, UK.L’Hons, JH (1967) Veld types of <strong>Swaziland</strong>, Bulletin <strong>No</strong> 18, Ministry of Agriculture, Mbabane.Loffler, L and Loffler, P (2005) <strong>Swaziland</strong> Tree Atlas including selected shrubs and climbers,Southern Africa Botanical Diversity Network Report <strong>No</strong>. 38, SABONET, Pretoria.Magombo, G and Kügel, L (2008) Road Map for Operationalization of the Energy RegulatoryAuthority of <strong>Swaziland</strong>, report submitted by The <strong>Service</strong>s Group to USAID/Southern Africa,Gaborone, Botswana.Magwenzi, OE (2000) Evaluation of irrigation efficiency in the <strong>Swaziland</strong> sugar industry, ProcS Afr Sug Technol Ass, 74: 151-156.Manyatsi, A. and Brown, R. (2009) IWRM Survey and Status Report: <strong>Swaziland</strong>. GlobalWater Partnership (<strong>Swaziland</strong> Country Partnership)Mathunjwa, M (2009) PCDD/PCDF Inventory for <strong>Swaziland</strong>.Matondo, JI; Graciana, P; Msibi, KM (2004) Evaluation of the impact of climate change onhydrology and water resources in <strong>Swaziland</strong>: Part I, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,29:1181-1191.RDMU (<strong>Strategic</strong> Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 184
Matsebula, M (2009) EC Accompanying Measures: experience and lessons from the Swazisugar industry, paper presented at the Workshop on Aide for Trade Strategies andAgriculture: towards a SADC Agenda, Windhoek, Namibia, 9-11 <strong>No</strong>vember 2009.Mendoza, TC; Samson, R; Helwig, T; Madrid, P and Elepano, AR (2002) Renewablebiomass fuel as “Green Power” alternative for sugar cane milling in the Philippines,Phillippine Journal of Crop Science, 27 (3): 23-39.Mhlanga, BFN; Ndlovu, LS and Senzanje, A. (2006) Impacts of irrigation return flows on thequality of the receiving waters: a case of sugar cane irrigated fields at the Royal <strong>Swaziland</strong>Sugar Corporation (RSSC) in the Mbuluzi River Basin (<strong>Swaziland</strong>), Physics and Chemistry ofthe Earth, 15.Ministry of Economic Planning and Development (nd) Lower Usuthu Smallholder IrrigationProject LUSIP.Ministry of Economic Planning and Develoment (2004) Problems and proposals for tacklingpoverty in Tinkhundla: a report of consultations between the Poverty Reduction Task Forceand Communities in Tinkhundla.Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (2009) National Energy Policy ImplementationStrategy (2009), Energy Department, MbabaneMinistry of Health (2008a) 11 th National HIV Serosurveillance Among Women AttendingAntenatal Care <strong>Service</strong>s, Survey Report 2008, WHO: Mbabane.Ministry of Health (2008b) Assessment of the Global Fund Support Implementation of theHealth Sectior, SNAP, WHO and Italian Cooperation.Ministry of Health and Social Welfare - MoHSW (2003) Improving access to HIV/AIDS care inthe Kingdom of <strong>Swaziland</strong>, end of project report, WHO/Italian Initiative, July 2001-Dec 2003.Ministry of Health and Social Welfare – MoHSW (<strong>2007</strong>) MOHSW/PLHIV CollaborationFramework.Ministry of Health and Social Welfare - MoHWS (2009a) Protocol for the Management ofSexually Transmitted Infections, MOHSW, WHO: Mbabane.Ministry of Health and Social Welfare – MoHSW (2009b) Quality of STI Care in <strong>Swaziland</strong>,MOHSW, WHO: Mbabane.Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy and Water Resources Branch (2006) Hydrologyand Water Resources Situation Assessment Periodic Reports, Mbabane.Monadjem, A (1998) distribution patterns and conservation status of the mammals in<strong>Swaziland</strong>, Southern Africa, Koedoe, 41: 45-59.Monadjem, A; Boycott, RC; Parker, V and Culverwell, J (2003a) Threatened vertebrates of<strong>Swaziland</strong>, <strong>Swaziland</strong> Red Data Book: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals,Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Communication, Mbabane.Monadjem, A; Mahlaba, TA; Dobson, L and Magalula, CN (2003b) Consultancy Study for theAnalysis of Species Distributions to Refine the Boundaries of the Biodiversity and TourismCorridors, <strong>Swaziland</strong> Environment Authority, Mbabane.Monadjem, A and Rasmussen, M (2008) Nest distribution and conservation status of eagles,selected hawks and owls in <strong>Swaziland</strong>, Gabar, 19: 1-22.Ndlovu, LS (2000) The performance of subsurface drip irrigation at Royal <strong>Swaziland</strong> SugarCorporation during its first season, Proc S Afr Technol Ass, 74: 157-161.RDMU (<strong>Strategic</strong> Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 185
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Restructuring and DiversificationMa
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DISCLAIMERThe contents of this repo
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5.7.2 Expected impacts in absence o
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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HIVHPIIAIAIDIPCCIPPISOITFIWRMJWCKDD
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PSIRBARDMUREASWARMFRPDPRSARSSCSS&MS
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UNEPUNFCCCUNICEFUNISWAUSUS$VACVCTWF
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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSwaziland has be
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- In spite of the above water-stora
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to keep the same quality), destruct
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ooooMust be based on a basin-wide h
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ooooMust address the socio-economic
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- Optimal use should be made of thi
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2 BACKGROUND2.1 The EU sugar reform
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eing implemented directly by the in
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for implementation. For future StrE
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operating in Swaziland, one in Simu
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4.2 Climate and climate changeSwazi
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4.4 Land and land tenureLand tenure
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Most of the water in Swaziland (96%
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−−−Decline in biodiversity (m
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Figure 6: Cause-effect relationship
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Figure 8:Cause-effect relationships
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Figure 10:Cause-effect relationship
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economic and social welfare in an e
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5.2.1.3 Water usage and demand in S
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Table 7:Capacity, use, types and ch
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5.2.1.5 The Komati Downstream Devel
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Table 8: Industry area (ha) by irri
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5.2.2 Expected impacts in absence o
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ipening period. Presence of pests a
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5.2.2.5 Effects of future water sho
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As was noted in the scoping report,
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contribute to poverty alleviation.
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sufficient to cover all the farmers
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which revealed that 66% of the popu
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funds, and they then have to mark u
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contracts; in practical terms there
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The United Nations Conference on Tr
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safety net would alleviate fears ar
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Table 11:Species diversity by ecosy
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Figure 19:Distribution of endemic p
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mostly on paper, are not cross-sect
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particularly true where mitigation
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Enforcement of legislation is key t
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In general, however, the HIV preval
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The HAPAC Programme applied two imp
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The company implements an HIV/AIDS
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improving co-ordination; to have a
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measures of the NAS, the RDMU indic
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sustainable business. Based on ISO
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Table 15:Synthesis of advantages an
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Considering an approximate total of
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Many factors intervene in determini
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The legal responsibilities for the
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5.8 Key aspect 7: Regulation of eff
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effluent standards. Otherwise there
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5.9.4 Options to address the key as
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Table 17:NAS logframe indicators ne
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IndicatorObjective 1a: Positive and
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IndicatorObjective 1a: Positive and
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6.2 Proposed StrEA performance indi
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Indicator Measurement ObservationsL
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Indicator Measurement ObservationsR
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7.1 Addressing High Priority aspect
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RECOMMENDATION INVOLVED INSTITUTION
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RECOMMENDATION INVOLVED INSTITUTION
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RECOMMENDATION INVOLVED INSTITUTION
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H. REGULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC EMISSI
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RECOMMENDATION INVOLVED INSTITUTION
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NAS Area Description Proposed measu
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NAS Area Description Proposed measu
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NAS Area Description Proposed measu
- Page 147 and 148: NAS Area Description Proposed measu
- Page 149 and 150: Figure 29:Environmental and socio-e
- Page 151 and 152: NAS ACTIONSWater balanceCont. of gr
- Page 153 and 154: NAS ACTIONSWater balanceCont. of gr
- Page 155 and 156: Annex 3: Key stakeholdersTable 19:M
- Page 157 and 158: Institutional ActorMinistry of Natu
- Page 159 and 160: Institutional ActorSwaziland SugarA
- Page 161 and 162: Institutional ActorDepartment of Wa
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- Page 165 and 166: StakeholderRiver BasinAuthorities (
- Page 167 and 168: StakeholderWorld VisionWorld FoodPr
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- Page 171 and 172: Policy, Plan orProgrammeNational Re
- Page 173 and 174: Policy, Plan orProgrammeComprehensi
- Page 175 and 176: Policy, Plan orProgrammeNational En
- Page 177 and 178: Policy, Plan orProgrammeDraft Natio
- Page 179 and 180: Piece of legislationNational TrustC
- Page 181 and 182: Piece of legislationThe Public Heal
- Page 183 and 184: Piece of legislationTreaty on devel
- Page 185 and 186: Piece of legislationUnited NationsF
- Page 187 and 188: Annex 5: Stakeholder engagement met
- Page 189 and 190: Date Time Place Name Organisation P
- Page 191 and 192: StrEA STUDY PHASEDate Time Place Na
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- Page 197: Cortez, LAB and Brossard Pérez, LE
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- Page 203 and 204: Annex 10: Terms of ReferenceTERMS O
- Page 205 and 206: 2.2. Requested services for the fir
- Page 207 and 208: under consideration. The consultant
- Page 209 and 210: 2.5.4. Analysis of performance indi
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