Service Contract No 2007 / 147-446 Strategic ... - Swaziland

Table 17:NAS logframe indicators negatively correlated to environmentalobjectivesIndicator Comments ResponsePutting more land under sugar cane willimply more water use in areas alreadyunder water stress, and where adecrease in water supply is expectedfrom climate change.More cane farming will also imply moreuse of agrochemical products, which maycontribute to water contamination.More ha under sugar cane will imply landclearance, often of indigenous vegetation.ha cane in theSSG sector(proxy foremployment)Totalhectarage incaneArea of landdevelopedthrough cofinancingofsmallholderschemesha and % oftotal caneburnt areaYields: TC/ha,% sucrosekm of pavedgravel roadThis indicator will help monitor area underBCH and advances in GCH. However,there is a risk for cane cutters, who mayfind their income affected.Increasing yields is normally achieved byincreasing water availability (when notalready available in sufficient quantities)and increasing use of agrochemicalproducts. This has implications for wateravailability and water pollution(agricultural run-off).Other potential measures to increaseyields and sucrose content do notcorrelate directly to negativeenvironmental impacts, such as reducingKTM, cane varieties, transport cost.Environmental impacts of paving roadsare normally short-lived and localised.Associated indicators on sustainablewater use should be developed to keepnegative environmental impactscontrolled: e.g.Water use efficiency in sugar canefarming (Mm 3 /TC), disaggregated bycategory of growers (small scale, mediumscale, mill estate)% sugar cane under drip irrigation/ centrepivot/sprinkler/ furrow, disaggregated bycategory of growersThe above indicators should beassociated to objectives of waterefficiency in the NAS.This indicator should also be associatedto an objective on reduced cane burning.Income of cane cutters under GCH shouldalso be checked, with associatedobjective and indicators, ensuring there isno loss of income.Comments made above on indicators forwater efficiency are also relevant here.It must be ensured that the indicator is notused to measure building of new roads,which would imply more significantenvironmental impacts. In any case, km ofroads built should not be used asindicator, but rather a results-basedindicator defined (e.g. associated totransport costs or KTM time).RDMU (Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Adaptation Strategy) - Page 103