7thISS - Book - Porifera Research.pdf - Porifera Brasil - UFRJ

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroReitor – Aloísio TeixeiraISBN 978-85-7427-023-4Museu NacionalDiretor – Sérgio Alex K. AzevedoComissão de Publicações do Museu NacionalEditores – Miguel Angel Monné Barrios, Ulisses CaramaschiEditores de Área – Adriano Brilhante Kury, Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner, Andrea Ferreira da Costa, Cátia Antunes de Mello Patiu,Ciro Alexandre Ávila, Débora de Oliveira Pires, Guilherme Ramos da Silva Muricy, Izabel Cristina Alves Dias, João Alves de Oliveira, JoãoWagner de Alencar Castro, Marcela Laura Monné Freire, Marcelo de Araújo Carvalho, Marcos Raposo, Maria Dulce Barcellos Gaspar deOliveira, Marília Lopes da Costa Facó Soares, Rita Scheel Ybert, Vânia Gonçalves Lourenço EstevesNormalização – Vera de Figueiredo BarbosaMUSEU NACIONAL – Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroQuinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilRevisão – Fernando Moraes, Raphael Augusto Sims Belleza, Gisele Lôbo-Hajdu, Guilherme MuricyDiagramação e arte-final – Márcio Reis Custódio e Beatriz WallerCapa – Beatriz WallerComissão Editorial do VolumeMárcio Reis CustódioGisele Lôbo-HajduEduardo HajduGuilherme MuricyPatrocinadores – FAPERJ, CNPq, CAPESApoio – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade de São Paulo, PETROBRASImpressão: IMOS Gráfica e EditoraImpresso no Brasil / Printed in BrazilFicha catalográficaP836Porifera research : biodiversity, innovation and sustainability / editorsMárcio Reis Custódio ... [et al.]. – Rio de Janeiro : MuseuNacional, 2007694 p. ; il. ; 28 cm. – (Série Livros ; 28)Inclui bibliografiaISBN 978-85-7427-023-41. Esponjas. I. Custódio, Márcio Reis. II. Museu Nacional (Brasil).III. Série.CDD 593.4
PrefaceThis book began to be assembled in the frame of the 7 thInternational Sponge Symposium, held in Armação dosBúzios (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) in May 2006. Under differentnames, and with a history almost four decades long now, thisseries of meetings started in London (1968), followed by Paris(1978), Woods Hole (1985), Amsterdam (1993), Brisbane(1998), Rapallo (2002) and Armação dos Búzios. These arethe world’s main international scientific events centered onPorifera.The 7 th ISS was the first of this series held in Latin America,and the Museu Nacional of the Universidade Federal do Rio deJaneiro (MN-UFRJ) and the Sociedade dos Amigos do MuseuNacional (SAMN) were honored to organize it. In what seemsto be a welcome trend in these meetings, this seventh editionwas also the largest so far. Almost 260 participants from 35countries contributed with 308 presentations, distributed in 14sessions, and covering all aspects of sponge basic and appliedresearch. But we sincerely hope that these numbers will besuperseded in 2010, when the sponge research community isexpected to meet again in Spain.Following the lead of our fellow Italians, Maurizio Pansini,Roberto Pronzato, Giorgio Bavestrello and Renata Manconi,editors of the previous volume Sponge Science in the NewMillenium (2002), we decided not to divide the book by subjectmatters. This organization reflects the current tendency ofmultidisciplinary work in biological sciences, in which evermore studies use different approaches, drawn from severaldisciplines, to address their hypotheses. Like in all previousvolumes, the data presented here will be a valuable, updatedreference of the present knowledge for those working withthis still largely unknown and fascinating group of animals.Titles bridging a variety of disciplines tend to be unattractiveto those conducting sharply focused research. Nevertheless,the focus of ISS meetings has to adjust to a time whereborders between disciplines become more and more blurred,not to speak of borders between Phyla! Nonetheless, Poriferaconstituted the magnet for all the contributions presented inthe 7 th ISS, and so it is with those published in the followingpages of this book. Porifera Research alone would notconvey the excitement of organizing the meeting and editingthe book, neither would it be fair to all of you who packedyour back-packs and suitcases on every continent on Earthto travel to the far meeting ground at Búzios. To reflect this,and in respect to Brazil´s nearly synonymous significance,first subtitle emerged – Biodiversity. But, nature’s treasuresalone are no guarantee of wealth to any nation, and amongthe many biodiverse countries represented by those whoparticipated in the 7 th ISS, most are developing and struggle togenerate wealth to their peoples. Accordingly, an unavoidabletarget became second subtitle - Innovation. Hoping we can alladjust to an era of growing environmental concern, partly as aconsequence of fear of the global consequences of increasedwarming of the planet, our third subtitle wishes to convey theideals of the editors, as far as exploration of natural resourcesare concerned – Sustainability. In this way, we reached ourmotto – Biodiversity, innovation and sustainability.The book Porifera research: biodiversity, innovationand sustainability begins with a series of twelve invitedcontributions, not meant to match the book´s motto, andspanning most fields of research on Porifera, from thepaleontology of old Pre-Cambrian rocks to DNA barcodingof recent sponges and its potential effects on the classificationof the Phylum. Following, 61 articles are listed in alphabeticalorder of first author´s family name, again spanning a vastspectrum of disciplines.Differently from the other books in the series, this isnot strictly a Proceedings volume. We decided to open thepossibility for those who were unable to attend the 7 th ISS,as well as those who participated, to publish results otherthan those presented in the meeting. In this way, we expect topresent a broad perspective of the contemporary knowledgeand future research trends in the group. The 73 manuscriptspublished in this book contain the work of over 230 coauthors,and were evaluated by more than 100 anonymouspeer reviewers, in a process that took over a year. Duringthese procedures, we attempted to assure that contrastingideas and opinions could be published. To provide a widedistribution of all articles, the whole book is available in PDFformat for download without restrictions from the PoriferaBrasil website: www.poriferabrasil.mn.ufrj.br.It would have been impossible to organize this bookwithout the help of many persons and sponsors. Our deepestacknowledgements go to the authors of the articles publishedalong these pages, for their scientific contributions, which arethe heart of the book. We are also grateful to all reviewers,who spent their time and experience correcting or makingclearer the rationales (and often the language) of submittedmanuscripts. Their work greatly improved the quality of thebook, and we thank you all for your cooperation and patience,and hope that you enjoy the final product as we did.The financial support by some sponsors was essential forthe realization of the 7 th ISS and publication of this book.Special thanks go to FAPERJ, CAPES, CNPq and CENPES/PETROBRAS. The logistic support of some institutions wasalso pivotal. Thanks here go to Museu Nacional (UniversidadeFederal do Rio de Janeiro), Universidade do Estado doRio de Janeiro (UERJ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP),Sociedade dos Amigos do Museu Nacional, Hotel PérolaBúzios and ABVTUR. We also warmly thank all members ofthe steering committee: Antônio Solé-Cava, Beatriz Mothes,Carla Silva, Carla Zilberberg, Cecília Volkmer-Ribeiro, CléaLerner, Cristiano Coutinho, Michelle Klautau, Radovan
Page 4: Borojevic, Roberto Berlinck and Sol
Page 10 and 11: viHeinz C. Schröder, Anatoli Krask
Page 13 and 14: Porifera Research: Biodiversity, In
Page 15: Fig. 1: Relative abundances ofpoten
Page 18 and 19: Fig. 4: Example of meta-analysis as
Page 20 and 21: 10Pronzato R, Bavestrello G, Mancon
Page 22 and 23: 12Juan (Beresi and Banchig 1997). A
Page 24 and 25: 14Precordillera (Cuyania) Terrane,
Page 26 and 27: 16The greatest generic and specific
Page 28 and 29: 18Fig. 4: Ordovician spongespicules
Page 31: 21Beresi MS, Esteban SB (2003) Spon
Page 34 and 35: 24Fig. 1: A. Polymastia harmelinisp
Page 36 and 37: 26Fig. 4: Polymastia harmelini sp.
Page 38 and 39: 28Fig. 7: Polymastia harmelini sp.n
Page 40 and 41: 30no description in the paper and i
Page 42 and 43: 32Table 1: Sponge species with cyan
Page 44: 34Table 1 (cont.)Aplysinidae 10 Apl
Page 47 and 48: 37Fig. 2: SEM photomicrographs of s
Page 49: ReferencesCox GC, Hiller RG, Larkum
Page 52 and 53:
42Fig. 1: Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919)
Page 54 and 55:
44Fig. 4: Yves Delage (1854-1920) a
Page 56 and 57:
46Fig. 7: The trend in sponge embry
Page 58 and 59:
48Fig. 10: The basal-apical andpost
Page 60 and 61:
50For example, parenchymella may or
Page 62 and 63:
52Mukhina YI, Kumeiko VV, Podgornay
Page 64 and 65:
54Propagated contractions in sponge
Page 66 and 67:
56TissuesUnder the hypothesis of sp
Page 68 and 69:
58Boury-Esnault N, Ereskovsky A, Be
Page 71 and 72:
Porifera Research: Biodiversity, In
Page 74 and 75:
64Table 1 (cont.)Heteromeyenia Pott
Page 76 and 77:
66Table 1 (cont.)Pachydictyum Weltn
Page 78 and 79:
68Fig. 2: Schematic reconstructiono
Page 80 and 81:
70Fig. 5: Gemmular structurein diff
Page 82 and 83:
72pneumatic layer is absent (Figs 6
Page 84 and 85:
74Fig. 9: Corvospongillamesopotamic
Page 86 and 87:
76Harrison FW, Gleason PJ, Stone PA
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
81Fig. 1: The fist panel shows EM,
Page 93 and 94:
83Fig. 3: Schematic presentation of
Page 95 and 96:
85pair could hold the weight of 160
Page 97 and 98:
References87Fig. 7: Electrophoretic
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
localized on the cell periphery. Th
Page 103 and 104:
93Fig. 3: Phylogenetic position of
Page 105 and 106:
Also the iron concentration, as Fe
Page 107 and 108:
97major enzyme involved in the deto
Page 109 and 110:
99identified in S. domuncula whose
Page 111 and 112:
101Fig. 7: A. Wnt signaling pathway
Page 113 and 114:
103Fig. 8: Schematic view of patter
Page 116 and 117:
106Rasmont R (1979) Les éponge: de
Page 118 and 119:
108Biodiversity of carnivorous spon
Page 120 and 121:
110Table 1: Characters of the gener
Page 122 and 123:
112All the presumed carnivorous spo
Page 124 and 125:
114with Esperiopsidae and of Euchel
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
119(Berroa Belén 1968). The South
Page 131:
121Tavares MCM, Volkmer-Ribeiro C,
Page 134 and 135:
124The pitfalls and conceptual weak
Page 136 and 137:
126Fig. 2: The structure of the Spo
Page 138 and 139:
128revision. The database currently
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
ResultsSponges comprised more than
Page 145 and 146:
135Fig. 3: Linear regression betwee
Page 147:
137Gasparini JL, Floeter S R (2001)
Page 150 and 151:
140Initially five sponges were sele
Page 152 and 153:
142Fig. 3: Growth rate of A. vastus
Page 154 and 155:
144Fig. 6: Living A. vastus sponge
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
149Fig. 1: Sampling localities(lett
Page 161 and 162:
151Fig. 3: A. Chalinula nematifera
Page 163 and 164:
153et al. 2006). However, we do not
Page 165 and 166:
ReferencesAerts LAM (1998) Sponge/c
Page 168 and 169:
158the Università Politecnica dell
Page 170 and 171:
160data but based on field observat
Page 172 and 173:
162BiogeographyTwenty-three species
Page 174 and 175:
164Pile AJ, Grant A, Hinde R, Borow
Page 176 and 177:
166nitrifying microorganisms. First
Page 178 and 179:
168weight day -1 (Fig. 3C) respecti
Page 180 and 181:
170Fig. 5: Schematic diagram showin
Page 183:
Page 186 and 187:
176Table 1A-C: Three compound group
Page 188 and 189:
178Curvularia lunata and Cladospori
Page 190 and 191:
180group of sponges as documented t
Page 192 and 193:
182Fig. 2: Phylogenetic relationshi
Page 194 and 195:
184Fig. 4: Spicules and axial filam
Page 196 and 197:
186Fig. 6: A. Comparison of the int
Page 198 and 199:
188demosponges (example Suberites d
Page 200 and 201:
190Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885O
Page 202 and 203:
192Fig. 3: A. Specimen ofPseudosube
Page 204 and 205:
194Fig. 5: A. Stelodoryx argentinae
Page 206 and 207:
196Fig. 7: A. Fragments of Tedania(
Page 208 and 209:
198Fig. 9: A. Tedania armata.Sarà,
Page 210 and 211:
200Fig. 11: A. Specimen of Guitarra
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
205Fig. 2: Dissolution rates ofClio
Page 217 and 218:
207Fig. 5: Macroscopic boring patte
Page 219 and 220:
209
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Fig. 2: Schematic representation of
Page 225 and 226:
215Fig. 7: Sperman Rank correlation
Page 227:
217Jackson J, Winston JE (1982) Eco
Page 230 and 231:
220Spicules: Megascleres: styles I:
Page 232 and 233:
222Fig. 3: Artemisina apollinis(Rid
Page 234 and 235:
224Fig. 5: Mycale (Oxymycale)acerat
Page 236 and 237:
226Fig. 7: Haliclona (Gellius) rudi
Page 238 and 239:
228Fig. 9: Haliclonissa verrucosaBu
Page 240 and 241:
230Fig. 11: Microxina phakelloides(
Page 242 and 243:
232Sollas WJ (1888) Report on the T
Page 244 and 245:
234Fig. 1: Map showing the location
Page 246 and 247:
236Table 1: Occurrence and semi-qua
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Fig. 1: Examples from soft-bottoms
Page 253 and 254:
243
Page 255 and 256:
245and coarse sediments. Fine sedim
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
249Fig. 2: Underwater photographs o
Page 261 and 262:
251death. In relatively narrow band
Page 263 and 264:
253de Laubenfels 1950 (see Rützler
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Table 1: Survey sampling effort and
Page 269 and 270:
259Fig. 2: A. Mean (+ 1 SE) density
Page 271 and 272:
261Fig. 3: Relationships between me
Page 273:
263Lidz BH, Reich CD, Peterson RL,
Page 276 and 277:
266Fig. 1: Cored primary fibres and
Page 278 and 279:
268Fig. 9: Cored primary fibre fasc
Page 280 and 281:
270Fig. 16: Heavily armoured dermis
Page 282 and 283:
2727. Fenestrate or ridged surface;
Page 284 and 285:
274Schmitt et al. (2005), based on
Page 286 and 287:
276Fig. 1: Map of Todos os SantosBa
Page 288 and 289:
27812.7-31.8-53.8 (SD=11.2) (N=30)
Page 290 and 291:
280Forschungsreise nach Westindien.
Page 292 and 293:
282this definition gastrulation wou
Page 294 and 295:
284that delamination in hexactinell
Page 296 and 297:
286Even a simple cover layer of cel
Page 298 and 299:
288endoderm by an extracellular mat
Page 300 and 301:
290The Drosophila 93DE homeobox gen
Page 302 and 303:
292Bekkum DWV (2004) Phylogenetic a
Page 304 and 305:
294a developmental gene in the lowe
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
299farming treatments for Coscinode
Page 311 and 312:
301Fig. 5: Final survival and growt
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
X-ray analysisX-ray diffraction mea
Page 317 and 318:
307Fig. 2: SEM images: A. E. asperg
Page 319 and 320:
309Fig. 4: A. TEM micrograph of dem
Page 321 and 322:
311Fig. 6: Schematic view:biomimeti
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
eader (Multimode Detector DTX 880,
Page 327 and 328:
317enough, normal cells were not af
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Table 1: Sites in the coastal Georg
Page 333 and 334:
Table 2: List of sponge species obs
Page 335:
ReferencesAlcolado PM (1990) Genera
Page 338 and 339:
328Fig. 1: Map of the study area. F
Page 340 and 341:
330Fig. 4: Reproductive elementsof
Page 342 and 343:
332to be gonochoristic (Witte and B
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
337on 13 July 2006 for analyses of
Page 349 and 350:
339Fig. 2: Non-metric multi-dimensi
Page 351 and 352:
341tolerant of high turbidity than
Page 353:
343Monteiro LC, Muricy G (2004) Pat
Page 356 and 357:
346Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of the
Page 358 and 359:
348only say that it varies. In the
Page 360 and 361:
350Fig. 5: Diagram of the basal app
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
355Table 1 (cont.)56 Halicometes mi
Page 367 and 368:
357Family Tedaniidae Ridley and Den
Page 369:
359Lerner C, Hajdu E (2002) Two new
Page 372 and 373:
362RNA genes are preferably used fo
Page 374 and 375:
364Fig. 2: Map showing the localiti
Page 376 and 377:
366
Page 378 and 379:
368Table 3: Amino acid exchanges (u
Page 380 and 381:
370AcknowledgementsWe would like to
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
375Fig. 1: Cytochrome oxidase subun
Page 387:
377des Übereinkommens über die bi
Page 390 and 391:
380Fig. 2: Sampling site in the Fra
Page 392 and 393:
382Max Planck Society. F.H. and O.S
Page 394 and 395:
384and Palaeospongillidae (fossil f
Page 396 and 397:
386Table 1: List of species followi
Page 398 and 399:
388Fig. 1: Neighbour-joining phylog
Page 400 and 401:
390is also the only species within
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
395Fig. 1: New Zealand and the sout
Page 407 and 408:
397Table 2: Checklist and geographi
Page 409 and 410:
DiscussionLithistid demosponges are
Page 411 and 412:
401Fig. 3: Modern-day circulationpa
Page 413 and 414:
403Pub Carnegie Inst 467, Papers fr
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
407clones. The insert size ranged f
Page 419 and 420:
409Table 1 (cont.)89-4 2.8 1234 mit
Page 421 and 422:
411could be evolutionarily closer t
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
415Fig. 2: Reproduction effort of P
Page 427 and 428:
417Fig. 6: Reproductive period ofdi
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
421Mutation Detection System was us
Page 433 and 434:
423
Page 435:
425Olson JB, McCarthy PJ (2005) Ass
Page 438 and 439:
428commercially important molluscs
Page 440 and 441:
430Fig. 3: Histogram representing t
Page 442 and 443:
432trials in association with two u
Page 444 and 445:
434ethanol were used as developers.
Page 446 and 447:
436Table 1: In vitro cytotoxicity a
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
441Table 1: Species of Foraminifera
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Table 2: Associations of sponges an
Page 457 and 458:
447Fig. 3: Overgrowth of a Gorgonia
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
451of Isla Margarita), 3422-3464 m.
Page 463 and 464:
453Fig. 3: Spicules of the holotype
Page 465 and 466:
455Fig. 4: Spicules of Lophocalyxbi
Page 467 and 468:
457The largest pentactines located
Page 469 and 470:
459Table 5: Some measures of spicul
Page 471 and 472:
Fig. 9: Lophocalyx reiswigi sp. nov
Page 473 and 474:
463Table 8: Some measures of spicul
Page 475:
465is a monotypic genus known from
Page 478 and 479:
468we agree with van Soest and Sten
Page 480 and 481:
470
Page 482 and 483:
472Table 1: Spicular characteristic
Page 484 and 485:
4743B. Dichotriaenes with long rhab
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
479
Page 491 and 492:
481Fig. 5: Streptasters. A. SEM mic
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
485of flagellated cells (AB S, fina
Page 497 and 498:
487
Page 499 and 500:
oth internal and surface cells in j
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
493Table 1: Presence of haloperoxid
Page 505 and 506:
495Fig. 4: UV-visible spectrum of t
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
499outer appearance; all explants o
Page 511 and 512:
501Table 1: Concentrations of iron
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
505depth 8.5 m) and have complex, l
Page 517 and 518:
507Fig. 9: Mean elongation after 24
Page 519 and 520:
Page 521 and 522:
511Fig. 3: Acanthotetilla rocasensi
Page 523 and 524:
513Fig. 5: Acanthotetilla walteri s
Page 525:
515two southwestern Atlantic specie
Page 528 and 529:
518sections on slides. For surface
Page 530 and 531:
520Styles intermediate in size also
Page 532 and 533:
522722 x 778 μm, and lie loosely i
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
527Table 1: List of Antarctic stati
Page 539 and 540:
529Fig. 3: Myxilla (Myxilla) elonga
Page 541 and 542:
531Fig. 5: Myxilla (Burtonanchora)a
Page 543 and 544:
533Fig. 7: Myxilla (Burtonanchora)m
Page 545 and 546:
535Fig. 8: Myxilla (Burtonanchora)m
Page 547 and 548:
537Fig. 10: Myxilla (Burtonanchora)
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
543Fig. 16: Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla)h
Page 555 and 556:
545Figure 18: Map of localities and
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
549Fig. 1: Area studied by the Proj
Page 561 and 562:
551Fig. 3: Skeletal characters ofCi
Page 563:
553Muricy G, Hajdu E (2006) Porifer
Page 566 and 567:
556Material and methodsCollection,
Page 568 and 569:
558Fig. 4: DNA quality statedetermi
Page 570 and 571:
560Janeiro (FAPERJ) and Conselho Na
Page 572 and 573:
562in embryos and larvae of several
Page 574 and 575:
564Fig. 1: Transmission electron mi
Page 576 and 577:
566Fig. 3: A. 16S rDNA-DGGE gelof I
Page 578 and 579:
568Maldonado M, Cortadellas N, Tril
Page 580 and 581:
570sponge communities on severely h
Page 582 and 583:
572Fig. 2: Sample location CoralGar
Page 584 and 585:
574Table 1: Summary of results on d
Page 586 and 587:
576Fig. 4: Minimum light-adapted or
Page 588 and 589:
578Fig. 6: Relative chlorophyll aco
Page 590 and 591:
580Schönberg CHL, Loh WK (2005) Mo
Page 592 and 593:
582Fig. 1: A. Spicules, oxeae and t
Page 594 and 595:
584Fig. 5: 3-Dimensional modeling o
Page 596 and 597:
586Fig. 10: Galectin-2. The two S.
Page 598 and 599:
588Fig. 13: Formation of spicules i
Page 600 and 601:
590Fig. 15: Sponge spicules as opti
Page 602 and 603:
592Molecular cloning of silicatein
Page 604 and 605:
594poriferans recorded for Brazil,
Page 606 and 607:
596Table 1: Comparative data on spi
Page 608 and 609:
598Fig. 3: Skeletal arrangement of
Page 610 and 611:
600Fig. 5: Microscleres of Geodia g
Page 612 and 613:
602Silva CM, Mothes B, Lyrio-Olivei
Page 614 and 615:
604description and discovery. But f
Page 616 and 617:
606units (ESUs) sampled (through th
Page 618 and 619:
608Fig. 1: The “Spiculometer”.
Page 620 and 621:
610The “gold nugget” of DNA bar
Page 622 and 623:
612Thalmann O, Hebler J, Poinar HN,
Page 624 and 625:
614Material and methodsThe sampling
Page 626 and 627:
616Fig. 3: Spermatogenesis in Geodi
Page 628 and 629:
618
Page 630 and 631:
620sponges releases their eggs and
Page 632 and 633:
622symbionts, molecular phylogeneti
Page 634 and 635:
624species and symbiont type (unice
Page 636 and 637:
626ReferencesCheshire AC, Wilkinson
Page 638 and 639:
628in polar regions (Wright et al.
Page 640 and 641:
630Similar synergistic effects have
Page 642 and 643:
632show considerable quantitative a
Page 644 and 645:
634innate immune reactions in spong
Page 646 and 647:
636Müller WEG, Müller IM (2003) O
Page 649 and 650:
Page 651 and 652:
641Fig. 2: Number of spicules forme
Page 653:
643Braekman JC (eds). Sponges in ti
Page 656 and 657:
646Position and depth of all collec
Page 658 and 659:
648observed in a ‘Hopper Camera
Page 660 and 661:
650Fig. 3: Rossella nodastrellaTops
Page 662 and 663:
652Schulze FE (1887) Report on the
Page 664 and 665:
654Table 1: Chemical differences am
Page 666 and 667:
656Fig. 2: Agarose gel electrophore
Page 668 and 669:
658analyses have some advantages ov
Page 671 and 672:
661Authors IndexAAlbano, Rodolpho M
Page 673:
663Rutten, Leanne M................
Page 676 and 677:
666Aplysina fistularis 4, 34, 314-3
Page 678 and 679:
668Cladorhiza thomsoni 522Cladorhiz
Page 680 and 681:
670Ephydatia fortis 63Ephydatia jap
Page 682 and 683:
672Heterorotula contraversa 64Heter
Page 684 and 685:
674Mycale fibrexilis 321, 323, 324,
Page 686 and 687:
676Polluted sites 03-05, 341Polluti
Page 688 and 689:
678Spongia irregularis 159, 160, 16
Page 690 and 691:
680
Page 692 and 693:
682Participants ListAAdams, Charles
Page 694:
684RRaleigh, Jean (206)Rangel, Mari
show all

7thISS - Book - Porifera Research.pdf - Porifera Brasil - UFRJ

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?