PhysicallyFITWhy Does My Dog’s Back Hurt?By Paul J. McGough, VMDIllustration of a dog spine.Back pain - our canine companions can experience this painful,frustrating, and potentially life-long health problem that many ofus humans have also experienced at some point in our lives. Oneof <strong>the</strong> most common causes of back pain in dogs is a herniated or“slipped” disk. While certain breeds such as Dachshunds,Beagles, and German Shepherds are at most risk, this disordercan occur in any adult dog. Fortunately for dogs and pet ownersalike, modern medicine has given veterinarians <strong>the</strong> ability to successfullydiagnose and treat our four-legged family membersafflicted with this troublesome condition.What is a “slipped” disk?The anatomy of <strong>the</strong> canine spine is similar to that of our own.The spine consists of numerous bones called vertebrae, whichhouse and protect <strong>the</strong> spinal cord. Each vertebra is separatedfrom each o<strong>the</strong>r by a fibrous material called an intervertebraldisk, which provides shock-absorbing cushioning between eachvertebra and allows <strong>the</strong> neck, spine, and tail to bend. Disease of<strong>the</strong>se disks occurs when <strong>the</strong> fibrous material becomes calcifiedand hard, losing its function as a cushion and shock absorber.Pressure, trauma, or activity (even as much as just jumping off<strong>the</strong> bed) can <strong>the</strong>n cause <strong>the</strong> disk to rupture, or herniate, resultingin <strong>the</strong> disk bulging upward into <strong>the</strong> spinal canal, where <strong>the</strong> spinalcord resides. This protrusion puts pressure on <strong>the</strong> spinal cord,resulting in a wide range of problems, including significant pain.Picture of an MRI unit for animals atVet Imaging Partners.How do I know if my dog has a “slipped” disk?The most common site of back pain in dogs is located in <strong>the</strong> middleof <strong>the</strong> dog's back often near <strong>the</strong> level of <strong>the</strong> last rib. The clinicalsigns of <strong>the</strong> dog depend on <strong>the</strong> amount and severity of pressureapplied by <strong>the</strong> herniated disk to <strong>the</strong> spinal cord. When <strong>the</strong>disk first starts to bulge, <strong>the</strong> top clinical sign is discomfort. Butdogs in discomfort don’t typically cry out <strong>the</strong> way a person does.Instead, a dog with back pain will often have some or all of <strong>the</strong>following clinical signs associated with pain: reluctance to walk,38 I <strong>PhillyFIT</strong>May/June I 267-767-4205 I www.phillyfit.comMRI of a dog with a slipped disk.A = vertebrae (bone); B = spinal cord;C = intervertebral disks; red arrow =herniated disk compressing <strong>the</strong>spinal cord.hesitance or difficulty jumping in a car or on a sofa, suddenunwillingness to use stairs, sitting down often, tenseness in <strong>the</strong>irback or <strong>the</strong>ir belly, walking with a hunched back, whining, pantingand shaking, and/or yelping when picked up. With moderateto severe compression of <strong>the</strong> spinal cord, <strong>the</strong> dog will oftendevelop neurological abnormalities involving <strong>the</strong> hind legs, suchas weakness, uncoordinated wobbly walking, knuckling of <strong>the</strong>paws, dragging of <strong>the</strong> hind legs, or even complete paralysis to<strong>the</strong>ir hind end. A dog showing any of <strong>the</strong>se neurological signsshould be treated as an emergency and seen by a veterinarianright away!Are <strong>the</strong>re medicines that can help?If your pet is diagnosed with a back problem on history and physicalexam and is uncomfortable with no neurological abnormalities,he or she will often be started on a combination of three differentmedications: an anti-inflammatory, a muscle relaxant, and apain medication. Never give your pet any over <strong>the</strong> counter medicationsyou may have at home, as many of <strong>the</strong>m are toxic todogs! In addition to prescribed medications, owners will also beinstructed to provide strict rest (sometimes even crate rest) forseveral weeks for <strong>the</strong>ir dog, with no exercise or activities exceptleash walking for bathroom duties. While this step in <strong>the</strong> courseof treatment is often <strong>the</strong> hardest for pet owners to follow, it is byfar <strong>the</strong> most essential as it is similar to humans being restricted tobed rest while <strong>the</strong>ir body attempts to heal. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, thisstrict rest should be considered an emotional and financial investment,as failure to do so may result in worsening of <strong>the</strong> pet’s conditionand <strong>the</strong> need for surgery as described below.Are <strong>the</strong>re any tests that can be done to confirm a disk problem?If your pet’s pain is severe, is unresponsive to medical treatment,or if <strong>the</strong>re are neurological signs evident, fur<strong>the</strong>r diagnostics are
warranted. The first step in this diagnostic process is an X-ray of<strong>the</strong> spine. While X-rays won’t show an actual herniated disk,<strong>the</strong>y can show changes of <strong>the</strong> spine suggestive of a disk herniationand also help rule out an underlying fracture, infection, ortumor of <strong>the</strong> bones. The next step in <strong>the</strong> diagnostic work-up is anMRI. Yes, MRI is available for dogs and cats at a few selectlocations in <strong>the</strong> Philadelphia area. An MRI allows <strong>the</strong> clinician toactually visualize <strong>the</strong> spinal cord and any herniated disks thatmay be applying pressure to it. One such MRI location isVeterinary Imaging Partners in Valley Forge, PA, where MRIs areperformed on a daily basis with <strong>the</strong> same quality and strength as ahuman MRI. The only difference between an animal MRI and ahuman MRI is that general anes<strong>the</strong>sia is required for pets as <strong>the</strong>ymust remain perfectly still during <strong>the</strong> procedure.What if my vet recommends surgery?Once an MRI is performed, a veterinary surgeon as well as <strong>the</strong>radiologist interpreting <strong>the</strong> MRI makes <strong>the</strong> decision, whe<strong>the</strong>r surgeryis indicated. While surgery is often a very last resort in peopledue to prolonged recovery times and post-operative complications,many dogs with a disk herniation have <strong>the</strong> recommendedspinal surgery performed to have <strong>the</strong> diseased disk removed and<strong>the</strong> spinal cord decompressed. This surgery is typically performedby a board-certified veterinary surgeon, and while <strong>the</strong>cost is expensive (usually $3,000-$5,000), it is <strong>the</strong> fastest way torecovery for your pet and it is often curative. As no surgical procedurecan be one hundred percent guaranteed, <strong>the</strong>re is always avery small chance a pet will not benefit from surgery and willremain partially or fully paralyzed after surgery. In most cases,however, if a dog cannot walk but still has pain sensation in histoes at <strong>the</strong> time before surgery, <strong>the</strong>re is an 83-90% success ratefor recovery with surgery (Veterinary Information Network,2011). In my opinion, owners of dogs that have neurologicalsigns and a herniated disk confirmed by MRI should stronglyconsider having surgery performed.What is surgery aftercare like?How long it takes your pet to walk again after surgery is highlydependent on how much neurological dysfunction <strong>the</strong> pet hadprior to surgery. Most dogs regain <strong>the</strong> ability to walk on <strong>the</strong>irback legs again within one to four weeks. Nursing care for yourpet initially after surgery can be intensive, including expressingyour pet’s bladder, keeping adequate bedding, performing physical<strong>the</strong>rapy exercises, and walking with <strong>the</strong> assistance of a sling.After reading this article, hopefully it is clear that disk herniationin dogs is a serious and painful disease process that often requiresmedical treatment. If neurological abnormalities are present or if<strong>the</strong>re is no response to medications, an MRI and surgery are oftenneeded. The good news is that your dog is much more resilientthan you are, often back on his or her feet within a few weeksafter successful surgery. Don’t take back pain lightly; see yourveterinarian if you think your dog may be experiencing this problem!“We treat your petlike royalty”2463 Yellow Springs RoadMalvern, PA 19355610-240-0190610-240-0198 FaxGET READYFOR THESUMMERMake YourAppointment Now!Grooming SalonDay Care • BoardingTraining10% OFF First Grooming or10% OFF First Boarding NightJeff & Lucie Greco, Ownersluciesbarkinghampalace@gmail.comwww.luciesbarkinghampalace.comDr. McGough is a 2002 graduate of <strong>the</strong> University of Pennsylvania and has experiencein both emergency room and general practice settings. He works at VetImaging Partners in Valley Forge, PA and can be reached at (610) 666-1023.May/June I 267-767-4205 I www.phillyfit.com<strong>PhillyFIT</strong> I 39