Study of radiation damage in silicon detectors for high ... - F9
Study of radiation damage in silicon detectors for high ... - F9
Study of radiation damage in silicon detectors for high ... - F9
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1IntroductionSilicon <strong>detectors</strong> play an essential role <strong>in</strong> modern particle physics experiments. Theyexhibit fast and l<strong>in</strong>ear response to ionis<strong>in</strong>g particles, are compact and have good energyresolution. Highly developed techniques <strong>of</strong> semiconductor process<strong>in</strong>g allow production <strong>of</strong>complex structures on a micron scale. Silicon <strong>detectors</strong> are thus an obvious choice <strong>for</strong>compact and fast track<strong>in</strong>g <strong>detectors</strong> with excellent spatial resolution 1 and are a part <strong>of</strong>basically all modern particle physics <strong>detectors</strong>. They are usually used as the <strong>in</strong>nermostpart <strong>of</strong> track<strong>in</strong>g systems and play a crucial role <strong>in</strong> reconstruction <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>teraction vertices.In the rst decade <strong>of</strong> the next millennium the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [2](gure 1.1) will be <strong>in</strong> operation at the European laboratory <strong>for</strong> particle physics (CERN). Itwill provide <strong>high</strong> energy (14 TeV) proton-proton collisions with <strong>high</strong> lum<strong>in</strong>osity (10 33 /cm 2 sdur<strong>in</strong>g low and 10 34 /cm 2 s dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>high</strong> lum<strong>in</strong>osity runn<strong>in</strong>g). This opens a wide range <strong>of</strong>physics opportunities, among which the orig<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> mass is a major focus <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest. One<strong>of</strong> the possible manifestations <strong>of</strong> the spontaneous symmetry-break<strong>in</strong>g, responsible <strong>for</strong> theorig<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> mass, could be the existence <strong>of</strong> the Higgs boson. The ability to search <strong>for</strong> theHiggs boson is there<strong>for</strong>e used as a prime criterium <strong>in</strong> design<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>detectors</strong>. Togetherwith demands necessary <strong>for</strong> the study <strong>of</strong> some other processes (supersymmetry, B-physics)that will be accessible at LHC, it determ<strong>in</strong>es the basic design features <strong>of</strong> <strong>detectors</strong> at LHC[3, 4, 5]. Their ma<strong>in</strong> features are good electromagnetic calorimetry, ecient track<strong>in</strong>g at<strong>high</strong> lum<strong>in</strong>osity, tau and heavy-avour vertex reconstruction and stand-alone precisionmuon momentum measurements.This work was done <strong>in</strong> scope <strong>of</strong> the ATLAS collaboration, which is build<strong>in</strong>g one<strong>of</strong> the large experiments at LHC. The overall design <strong>of</strong> the ATLAS detector (gure 1.2)is described <strong>in</strong> [4] and will not be discussed here. We shall only briey describe the<strong>in</strong>ner detector (ID) [6], used <strong>for</strong> charged particle track<strong>in</strong>g. A superconduct<strong>in</strong>g solenoid is1Intr<strong>in</strong>sic resolutions as low as1m were obta<strong>in</strong>ed with <strong>silicon</strong> strip <strong>detectors</strong> [1].5