<strong>TRADOC</strong> <strong>Pam</strong> <strong>525</strong>-3-7-<strong>01</strong>insertion of lessons learned into training and leader development, and minimizing resourcerequirements (cost, people) by streamlining time in institutional training and educationsettings. 143 Following the recommendations of learning science, future training will be more:experiential, authentic, current, relevant, guided, motivational, engaging, tailored to the learner,and collaborative (as needed). For example, GEL is one instructional design approach forcognitive tasks that is grounded in learning science principles and will be widely applied to bothclassroom and DL instruction. When integrated into training and education across the system,GEL will be applicable to many different tasks and settings, even as the <strong>Army</strong> anticipates therewill be less time to learn. The use of simulations to provide Soldiers multiple, varied realisticexperiences over a shorter period than possible with live training (or through real worldexperience) is another approach to compression of learning. Today this approach is recognizedas a means of providing the multiple repetitions of varied decisionmaking scenarios necessary toteach Soldiers how to think not what to think, but no doubt will be more widely applied toaccelerate learning in the future.Responsiveness must characterize future training development, as well as training execution.Future training must be sufficiently responsive and robust to ensure that units accommodate rapidchanges in doctrine, leader development, organization, and equipment, while maintainingreadiness and meeting current operational requirements. This will necessitate links betweenunits, schools, and training centers to enable collaborative training development, delivery, testing,and evaluation in a distributed mode, as well as rapid feedback on training requirements. Inaddition to the links required to support collaboration, all <strong>Army</strong> trainers, regardless of componentor location, will have at least a limited local capability (such as, easy to use authoring tools) toprepare, produce, and rapidly reconfigure individual Soldier and unit performance-oriented,standards-based, and realistic multi-echelon training. Nearly all operations encounter unexpectedand unanticipated challenges. One way to prepare for these challenges is to ensure thatcapabilities for preparing or editing DL, simulation, and or simulation scenarios are available tolocal commanders whenever and wherever needed in a format that does not require substantialcomputer skills. The <strong>Army</strong> requires a search of methods that assist commanders in developingtraining that meets appropriate accuracy and quality standards. Rapid and easy to usedevelopment tools will be equally useful for institutional training developers. Skill decay modelsand decision tools must enable trainers to determine when, where, and how to deliver training andperformance support most effectively and efficiently. Training developers provide the tools anddecision support systems they need to analyze, design, develop, and execute training moreefficiently and effectively.Finally, to be truly responsive to the needs of the operational <strong>Army</strong> the future TLE systemwill need to develop a comprehensive, outcome oriented approach to evaluation of itseffectiveness along key dimensions. The future evaluation approach must provide systematic andfrequent feedback on outcomes through a monitoring approach that is comprehensive yetefficient, generates both quantitative and qualitative feedback, minimizes interference withtraining and operations, but is a clear command priority. For example, the evaluation systemmust monitor learning effectiveness as a contributor to individual and unit readiness. It mustassess the relevance of training and education based on timeliness and accuracy of information;and on how well it meets Soldier, leader, or unit needs. Evaluation must include accessibility ofknowledge, training and educational courses, and materials; including ease of access and use, and122
<strong>TRADOC</strong> <strong>Pam</strong> <strong>525</strong>-3-7-<strong>01</strong>the ability to tailor the material quickly to individual or unit needs. The identification of outcomemeasures and processes that can provide this type of feedback must be a priority for futuretraining, and leadership education research and studies.Training for Joint, Interagency, and Multinational (JIM) Operations<strong>Army</strong> operations will continue to rely on joint interdependence and the future OE will containsignificant JIM elements. The Joint Force Training Center proposes a process and environmentnecessary to build the required joint culture and revolutionize joint training. Two central ideasform the basis for this joint concept. The first, the transformation of joint training processes,focuses on non-materiel changes that will transform joint training and provide required skills toindividuals, units, and staffs at the right time. The second emphasizes the need to strengthen theJoint training global environment.Future <strong>Army</strong> JIM doctrine and training programs must be capable of rapidly producingtraining support products designed for use in a JIM environment and/or for training within a JIMcontext. Observations, insights, and lessons from JIM operations must be as accessible as thosefrom the Center for <strong>Army</strong> Lessons Learned. Within the TLE programs, there will be an increasedemphasis on incorporating scenarios, case studies and other instructional approaches with JIMoperations as the context, and more training time given to training of skills needed forcollaborative planning and decisionmaking in a JIM context. Professional military educationcurricula must prepare <strong>Army</strong> leaders to be joint commanders and staff officers in <strong>Army</strong> forcescommands, joint force land component commands, and joint TF headquarters.In addition, Soldiers need training to understand and appreciate the cultures of other nations,other services, and other governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations as early aspossible in their careers. Scales has proposed that the <strong>Army</strong> take advantage of web-basedcapabilities to establish collaborative learning opportunities among officers from the differentservices—something worth considering for multinational partners as well as the joint community:Immediately after commissioning, an officer would become part of a jointseminar of a dozen or so peers from across the services who share a commonspecialty.… Senior educators from middle and higher-level service schoolswould moderate these seminars. Students’ unit commanders would activelyserve as their mentors, responsible for counseling and evaluating theirprogress…. The program would be history based and thoroughly joint. 144The future TLE system must also support the second central idea stressed in the Joint ForceTraining Center—the need to strengthen the joint training global environment. This idea“focuses on materiel changes to create a truly global training domain that combines actual forcesand equipment (live), simulated weapons systems (virtual), and mass force modeling(constructive).” 145 <strong>Army</strong> plans call for providing commanders the capability to conduct trainingor mission rehearsals simultaneously, at widespread geographic locations, using differentsimulation systems, in a mix of live, virtual, and constructive environments, on an interactivebasis, in preparation for JIM operations. In the future, a greater reliance on constructive andvirtual training environments will facilitate increased participation of other organizations in123
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