RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

R€sults obrain€d 16r vdious dpqimenG rc being lnc*nrql 

&@dingly. vhich &e 6 under. 

CHAPTf,R IV 

and dis$sc{ 

EXPERIMENT I. EVALUATTON OF PROMTSNG POTATO VARIETIDS 

UNDER FAISALABAD CONDiTIONS: 

This cxporimcnt ws pcrfomed during 2000'2001 Elevetr conlnercial variencs ol 

potdlo wm claluated for then leld 

potcnliil lo find out dn apptuPriale vanetv lor a 

der,ilcd slud'6 Rdulls obtaif,cd werc anlaysol by contulcling ealvsis of v.rirce 

rable (App. 2) *hich sno*.d sisnificanl dill.mc6- vs 3updceded all o$q vandi€! 

lollowcd by Vr and VJ which slood at par vi(h etch other' Similftly, Vr, Vi and vi 

consrilllel a sonp ren niry al par atuong Emselves. v4 rcmanr€d in lhc mid(|lc, 

aollowcd by vr r, v:. vo dd Vtr' which fomcd a g'oup als- Where4s. Vt mantd at 

borron .hoving por pdfomance. so, thc* riSnilicdt iliffcrcrcc anong vdicti6 

could bc artibuld lo lh.ir genetic nake up and pot€ntial as all olhd condnions ind 

inpuls ulql wcrc satoc a lnitonn: lha( is why sch !u!ic(y bchavcd diflqcrllv 

T@lDcnt nr v.lu6arc nmsc{ ni origiruloilcr in T$rc I 

T.b lc | ! Conp.rilon ol rrro misi n p potr to y.ri.t i6 for y icld hr_' 

vteld tr,'ritq 

20276.28c 

224t6.11b 

2015r.51c 

23718.rO, 

Yr'|(q!e"L 

r5255.35 | 

v (Dcsir.c) 

Figures lollow€d by ln smc letle(s) vcr. siglifically diL.rcnt (P = 0 05)

view the yield polential and 

co$idcred for ru er sludics 

thc clcvcn difi€r€nl vari€lisi

R.ethr zrd Di!flsinn 

EXPERIMENTIIT EFrICACY OF INORGANIC NITROCITN l.DRTll,lZER 

APPLIED TI' ROUCII VARIOUS TIiCI IN IQ UES: 

Rcsulls obljnol ldr Expcn'rcm ll arc rcs sum'nrizqi dd discussl !.lo* 

2,1 Numberotdrys t.ken to t{ber.n.rgenc.: 

D{alcluled lo Dutuberofdrystaken torrbNcftergcnce werc collcctcd, subjecled lo 

statisric.l nnallsis of vrriance lahniqu* (A!p l) wlrich rclcals non sisnificml 

difcdcA for trarn€nls ud signincd dilTcrenc6 bd*cctr lhc ,qF Oablc 2. | ). 

'ltrhlc2,l: Efi.cl ol irorg,nic niirogcn nDnlic.lion lcchlirtu.s on nrnbcr of 

_- o'yg 6{€n 0 ruo€r emert.nc. 

!glmcitt 

D.yr to em€rAence 

L llllJroeen B.c. ar rldi(ing) 

rqq]t!. 

Tr (l;ull rnrcsm S.D. .l pl&tine) 

T! (Full nilrcsm B.C. hidon) 

T. (Full nirrcgq S.D. lal6 on) 

!1i1 

16.8:l 

Tr (Full njtogen d foli.r application) 16.83 

T{, (7]Ndtplanrin8SD,+hNlat€ro.S.D.) 

Tr (% N ai pldrincB C. +'/,N l.ter on BC., 17.00 

Tr (7, N rr pldrinc BC. + hN a rolarlDDlicarion) t6.31 

T, (r:NdplMr'nsSD.+ t'NsfotirarDhc.tronl t6.8J 

Tjo (Z N arplsrin8 a.C. + r,N laldon S.D.) t7.ll 

Tr (% Narplr ng S D. +'4 N |rrd6n B.C ) 

risics folloqcd b\ $caane lerelrsrscrc nsn't'.Jrr ) d'nc'cn (P 0051 

- 16.13 b 

Da!. did not revdl clca cut suprem.cy ol any hatm€nt. Olcrall, rvo Broups ol 

trcatnenls conld b€ obs.fredr one grcup (TL, T:, Tri T5, Tr. T, ard T r) look alnlosl 

oneday less ior enrergencc wheea, s{oDd goup (Tr,'1.,'l; rnd rr) took one i$c 

Dn.rgcnce of the tub.c .ntiEly depends lpon the int€mal (Scnctic mal. up and 

storcd food) and cxtcm.l (nicro clihitc) condilions. As rll othlr conditions wcrc 

similrr. 60 ruben of lhc slrc variett did rol difcr sisnificurlLy tbr thk spsl ot' 

sludy, lhownrg lilllc di'Icrcrcc hctwccn thc trqtrncnl niq. vrlucs. Wulf(ltt6) h{s 

alddy qFnol $at mcrhod of nitrog.n application did not signifiqnlly alt6l tubcr

2,2 wekly en.rg€oc. p.n.rr.g.: 

R6th\ aml lriwktt 

Inrbnn!(ions loi lhis pmcler we.e coll€cled al wekly intflals {14'5r'wek) and 

werc subjNrcd to analysis oa vari.nc. rchniqucs (App 4-6) scparately aor cach 

nxcrldl. Dohils lor thsc the wcckly i crvdls rd no* givcn below: 

l)atr Ior 3'r wcck showcd signillcrr( rcNrlls fof 1r!^ln.nls rrrl ycdrs. n+ic(i|g rh{l'lr 

(54.29%i nr,l Tl (541r%) rcntirrcd ul D8 Nnh c&h olhcr lnd nrlcrcqlql olhcf 

rHlnEtrrs. Ir (54.24%), Tr (52.05%J.1ro (51 197.), Tr {50.2.1%),'b (4r.76%1,'l 

(a9.52%) a||d Ti (49.29lc) cons urcn s6ond grcup r€nEinirs al plr aDonS 

thcn$clvs slEEas. T: (48.6:l%) nnd I'r {43.111%) lomrcl x rhird !ml|t| $lricl' 

oDlindt ur lhc boLlon. So. snnation lor sclho{ologies is ml v.ry Duch .lcnr 

whcrea, nrcan valu6 for yeds showing narcw di lT€retces are givcn below: 

tl30r 

= 50t5b 

As lrr aE dll! concenins4'' wek indicaks lignificanl re$rlls for yca6 aM also ror 

t.llnuls l lhi6 slagc Tro (80.24%) d T (78.57!i/o)lonncn oncsoup. hclding(hc 

lop posilions dd Mraindl ar prr wnl c&h oGcr. s€oDd grcnp qA lonslitulql by I r 

(74.0t%). T3 03.31%), T! (12.62%), Ts (7218%) ed Tr (71.41%) showans 

overlamiis tstrlK vnh tuh orhtr, whcrca. riird arcut €omDriscrl olTl (69 95%). 

'r', (6t,62%)r f. (6? 33%). whilc, Tr 157.71%) runrrined al lhc lasr posnion. Drrr 

lor 4r'wuck intcnal showe! rllhough Jiiltrcdl sirlrlion as conrt.Ed lo prcriotrs 

iineflrl, brr srill stmngc and asronishirrg condiror o\ls(dd bcc rsc llE piclurt qds Nl 

vciy nrlch clc about the ndhodolosics wh.r.as. nrcar vilucs lor tc.6 drc rrlco 

D{a lor 5rr' wftk depictcd signifi€ant 6ults lor y€a6 s w.ll as lor trc.lmcnts. Al 

rhis suBc 1J (94.05%), Tro (91.10%) and Tr (r1.9(P/t showcd heltcrrcsulls in shich 

hrll do6e oaDilrogen was applied at plmting dnd half one month laler on. Teatfrcnls 

applkd wi(h lull doe of nnmgen ba&lly (n, T1, T and T:) got nxennediare posilior

I ! 

F 

t 

-.j:jl^_l,, l::"::" nrrro3d rppri.r or r(hniqu6 

emerg.kc p.rcntrge 

on ,cH, 

d{ritrq rh. t.rr | & r|.

Rdatus ddd Dheinon 

$lr@6, aolirr tElmdb (Tj. Tr rd 10) remain.d { ftc bolloD qnh 84.52. 81.13 

rnd 3n 72'; snouting Mtr vrlu6 f6r yea6 a( lisr€.1 belo\ . 

= 90.26. 

As llrbo cnrergenc€ under nomal condilioN depends $on its own lcsdvcs, so 

dintrcrl Nrlut* ol hnrolcn {Dlicrrdr d rhoc dillcrctrr iri$vrls bolrvctl 

difcr!trllt. h {|t cnd n w.s concludql lh{l sDlillcrl do$ Dnrcd r, h. hcrlcr ovct 

bas.l do* {lrres, bmad c6t and plNcch€n( nrclhodr onli€n foliar rDplidlion. nr 

which ce t'oor culls *m obrc(ed. 

2.1 Tohl .n.r3.na p.rent.g.: 

Dara collocEd for 51i wek ve€ coNid€ed as rot.l stbuting pcrc€nlags, subj€tcd lo 

anollais ofv0riance tcchniqu€s (App. 6) which indicaled significanr Bllrs fo! ycaN, 

lFrmrenrs drd then int€raction. Tr Tjo$d Tr rcnained al lhc lop. otlrn lrclln1ctrls 

rcnuircd h bclwccn whe|6, Tr, TN and Tr occupicd drc l6tposniors. M6tr valucs 

lbr dificrcnl conrpon€nls trc dnisled nr dD folb{nu bblc. 

TrDlc2ir ntfca of ilorgri. nlrq.n rpplic.lio. rechniquB on rolrl 

l (rul 

-r, 

Tol.l .mEcmc FslI!€ 

pl tnt S.D. + %N hrer an S.D.) 

plAnrinrBC.+'rNhr-onBC) 

nlmriuBC +',N s fal'lrohl'ciuon) 31.4 t tl 

IhN,nt S D +'4Nrs r^lirrrn9licdionl 

l rea. N.r nlrnhns B C +ZN lderdS.lr) 

T" (ZN.rDl.nrinsS.D. + %Nlakd B.C.) 

83 l3 

itl 5l 

Fisnr* follo*cd by the sane l€ue(t were signifi.inrlydiffoMt (P - {).o5) 

So, ir could bc visualized lnat splitled dos. ofnitosen applied throlsh bbadcdl and 

placcm.nl se$od3 behaled boller as compared lo folir opplicotion. Similurly, 

i.itially brcadcst md lalq on placmcnt m.thods ptuved to be be[er shich hcans 

fiat i.itially sidc d6sins nighl had ncFliv. impacl on gmwuB lubcs pl$ Fod 

1l

R$.lts dtd Ditrlsion 

rLrbos Lnir|l htrd facql nunitiotrrl slrcss ii crso of ldcr on lolirr lpphca(ion oL 

2.4 weelly tolisg€ rd tubcr w.igit pl.nfl 

2..1,1 w.ehy aoli.gr *€ight plrnfr G): 

Obs.ralio.s aor rhis palmds wm coll@t.d ai 

subjdlcd ro anal)sis orvdise lehnique (App. 

ro lom a nd Tabl. 2.4.1. Rdllls for lh6. 

t^ 

I, 

1.' 

(d: 

Io wekty n&ryats (7'-16- w€k), 

?- | 6) snd rhen mdn w€rc .rugql 

'nr.nals 

m nov di*!.srd bclow 

ol inorArri. rilro8 ! rppli.rtion lehtqtrF on w.ell' 

i 

Figure! follosed bytne sue lelre(s) *qc significantly dif€r€nl lP = 0.05) $d 4e 

to bc @d separat€ly for ach column (wcat) 

Dsl. for rhc ?'r'u€ek Ev€|ar sisnaficdl cul$ lor rm ad lEaLm..ls. Tn' (161.7 

E) onsred orh€r l@lmcnts folloved by Tr ( I30.? g). Nexr posilions wm @upiel b, 

'lr (lo8.l g). T" (106.1 s), Tr (101.3 $ a|ld Tr (t)lr'5 s), cpccrivcry whcl6, lasr 

de pcirioN vs€ obraioet by Ti (91.00 g), Tr (84.58 g) dd T, (31.53 g), 

ap{livcly Al lhis srig. splitcd :lPplicilion of trit'lscD lhntrSn hmrdcr{ rtrhul 

12

Rauns d"n ,'ru*iou 

polcd lo hc bctr$ over aoliar r.d iniria|y sidc{tcscit nilmgd ncrhods. Whdcrl{. 

nEln valucs for y€a6 ae giveh bcldw: 

= 10802r 

l0l l2 li 

lnloflndlioDs relatd ro 3'ri wek dicalcd significlnr rcsutls ror y€a6 6 vclt I tbr 

lE,lrncnlst shoqnrg dominecc of l,tr (:2t.0 g). tottorctt by Tr (t5r.2 g) lnd l-| 

(145.5 g) *tm6, Tr (105.5 s) rnd T,r {145.5 g)wnered. T: ( 105 5 g) and n (tot.:l 

C) Enrnrcd nt l[tbnr. Bm cN nDrtnt rtdr$ *irh sDtitlnt nihrg.n 4Dlic nnr 

orsl.d lolinr.|ld placcnqr (full doe al ptanlnrd nrtho{s. \hite nr€atr votu6 tor 

ycn6 slDwinsditf€rcncG aE |nled below: 

OhcflatioDs conc€med with 9r" !.ck indic.r6d significdl r€sutrs ror lrealm.nG and 

aor ycrre. Rcsuhs dcmoDslrared domnDrcc ofT0 (241.4 g) olcr oth€r tEarDcnls, 

aollowcd by Tr (233.1 g) ed Tr (191.? g), Esp{livety. Whct6, T5 (140.2 g). T, 

(113.5 d d T) (llr0.2 s) ol anEd $c l$t tlrcD posnions sho*ins b. cr 

per,bm.nce of iniially bmd6t dd splificd nilDscn ovr folimpplicrion, whitc 

pl.ccnrdl rcmrined in b€twen. M.an ealucs forycn6arcs'rcnocro\r. 

= 17052b 

Datn lor lor]iweek showcd significanl rc$rhs tbr ycm N wc rs 6r nulDc s, 

showrg $rprcmacy of To (2?3.5 c) ovo rc6r of lhe rrearmcnts, foltoved by T 

(268.5 g) dnd Ti (213.5 g) Olher nq0ncrls (T,,, T,, 'l$ Tr {rd T,) gol inlcnrqlido 

positions whftd, Tr (164.9 g). Tr (150.6 g) aid T: (144.8 g) s*uEd tne |6r lhrcc 

IDsri'oN, cp€tiv€ly. R6ulG Bdlcd doninrnce ot innia y boadcdr€d hata dosc 

of nnro8.n, supplmenlat *nh half do* s sidc dl6ins oler orh€r letmcNs. 

spcaally foli.r application or full do* ofnirrcgen appUed bNtty. M€an vatu6 tor 

= 2Al,11 ^ 

= 195.82 b 

7l

n qths dMl Dir$riod 

D{ta h rclalion ro lld wat on@ a9in indicalcd 3ignili.dt Gults fo. ycaB and 

lrcahoG, slDents suph&y ol TD (319,5 g), fouowcd by Tl (114,2 s) and Tr 

(271-3 0. Ornq rca|mot Main d in bctwcn wh.B, TJ (181.0 s). Tr (182.8 s) 

aid T, (165.1 B) occupicd rh.lsr th@ poinions. So, d.li cl@ly indic.rcd initi.lly 

boNJ6lol hrlldcc of nihgcn suppl.mcnl.d witn sidc dcsql hllf d@ ovcr lull 

dcss oa nnmacn .poli.d .l ploling (Bo.dc..r or sidc dBcd) .id foliar .Dplicarion. 

whil.. m@r valu€ fd y@ e shown b.low: 

= 238.76. 

= 212.58b 

lnlom8lioG coll@tcd tor l2t *ct d.pictcd sigific.nr rcsulls lor ysc $ w.ll 6 

for oanmcn|s indic.dng lh{ T'o (1a2,6 g) oustcd .ll othq t@tno s. lolloscd by Tr I 

(311.6 s), T' (293.3 3) dd T, (288.8 9. Bperiv.ly. whw$, Tr (206.0 s), Tr 

(197.0 s) $d T! (lE2.l s) ob6'..d thc ld ftr@ pcitiom. This inldal showcd 

.lmost psios lEnd rh.r iniri.lly bbadcancd mcrhcl sut0lcnq cd sirh pl4ncnl 

Povol lo be bcltd whil., lolid mclhod shovc

Raetth dnd Dnusrion 

lasl rwo posilioDs. Dala for rhis inlcflal showod t[al nriially bb c$ted nitrcgen 

supplcnrentcd wilh pl.ccmorl hcllbd rchaincd ul lop, followsl by placemcnr + 

boldcast and tull dosc ol nilrcgo attlicd !( pl,trtins !s b&udo6i nrclhorl Whoras. 

foliar applicatron showed poor rcsuhs. Mcrn lalrcs ior years $c Eivcn below 

- 29t.333 b 

Obsenations rclaied ro 15Lh {€et showql oncc rgairl significdnl rcaulls lor vea6 as 

well as ior treatmenB. Oat. rev€.led th{t T (263.6 g) rendincd rt loP s usual 

follosed by T'r (256., g) Md Tr (2t4.8 g). ruspccrivcly. Olhcr lrlalnrcnts lcll in 

bel**n *hcrcs. T, (186.1 C), T) (172.0 8) dd Tl (160 2 s) .couin€d al lsl thEe 

posnions. Al lhis i edrl in all th€ cqcs foliag. wcighl was dcclin€d nqr col' 

nan|lny. Any ho*, innially broadcst + lalcr on pl.ccmol methods pDved ro bc 

bener thd full dor ofnilogd applicd !t Pldring or latcr on ei(hcr 6 boadcdt or 

plendl nethod ed aolid applicalion, Md valu6 lor yqE are l6l.d b.low: 

- 219.51! 

As for a conccmcd tor l6ri wek data dcpicred sigtrificanl 6ults for lrcalmenls and 

yq6. Trcarhdt msns showed a chanrcd s.qucncc, aldouSl T (I8l.7g)ema'ncd 

ar lop. Ncxr FsnioN were @ud€d by T' (176.1 g). Ti ( l?1 0 s) dd T', (l?01 s). 

crElivcty uhcc. T: {l I7.4 8) aid Ti (102.8 g)rcnDi"cd al 'hc lNl lwo Isnions 

Rdulls slDwcd ftar foliaee *€ighi pldfr ws lunhcr rcdu€cd al lbis int da! Arv 

hoq, bmatlcln rtclho{ llongwil[ splillcd.Pplicaliotr rcMn]cn bcrcrN coDp1red ro 

full bel dosc (broadcol o. pl&enfro and ioli.r .pPlicltion M.rn values fot vcats 

Obseryalions aor lnese lO leekly inteflak show.d chdngnrs rrcnd aor larious 

riearnenls ar dillemt inlsals bul wilh vely clcat cul doNindnco olTr at all nre 

sragcs. Which neaft innillly bb castd and srpDlcnDntcd wnh rilc.mcnt tr'lrogcn 

fefliliz€r applicarion enained bctlcr over full doso ofnilrose! upplicd al planttug or 

foliar rpplication. It nean thut splilted nnro!.n n1i8ht be utllrzed poperlv as

e 

I 

9 

i 

!\3 !; Efi..r or inorg.nic nirroger .ppllcrrion Echriqu$ on lRklt tolirse 

seieh! plrnr'durineth.'e.rl & ll.

Rtsuus atu! Discu$on 

cohpa@d to bdal dos in which csc nitdSen wc not avrilable a pldls al ldu.r 

slagc. Si'nildly, bdlfor loll dosc ol trirbgctr ur plutrtirg ns phc'ncnl mish hld 

ncg iye :n.l hzmful €rat upon tubc6 { clrly stlEc. Whtr€ns, in c6e ol lolilr 

lpplio iotr pl rs mighl hNc stNduc to wlrich proplr grovrh mpon* of rhc plons 

w.r rct obFRed, Erht poot snllt in thi! Esard *crc obtaincd lh* l@lri $rv 

aren the lindnB! of Wulf (lD6): who rcno.lql rhar nittugctr 

tl&ensl jusl beforc €mqsdce ldde! lo iflrtovc @rly grcwlh of lhc tlatrr' 

Whcrm, in c6c ofDrcs.nl srodiG inilidllt bn,ndcNld nihgcn aldrg Nitlr l ct on 

Dlocetuenr 

l.chniquc ptuved to be bcucr foi tlris rspei ofstudy 

2,4.2 weekly tuber weigh( plrfr (g)r 

nfonnalions for thi6 paraneter werc colldlcd d( l0 wtrkly nltsvlls (7'\16'r'week), 

oryinized. srbjeted to a.al$is of ltri.ncc l@hniqoes (ApP 17 26) and thcr 

lreurnmt ncrns lor lhcsc diflcrcnl nrlcN0ls wcr c mNgcd (o lbnn hblc 2 4 2 Rcsu lrs 

for rhk parmel€r ar€ b€ins sunndizcd dd discuscd b.low bri€nv. 

T.bl. 2,4.2. Efi6t ol i@rg.tric nlaogd .pDlic.d.n tehniqu6 ot w€eldv l{b.. 

?rl.ii) 

the smc lcllc(s) wce signilicslly diLcrcnl (P =005) and ard 

!_ 

17

Rdrt,r dnl Ditussio, 

Dak conccmrng 7'" wek slbwcd sisnificanl rcsulrs lornurrncrrs mn ycm.showils 

domnancc ofTr {21.21 g) over olher ticatmentsi followol by Tr (20.21 g) dd Tj 

(i7.61 g) whcrcrs. Tr (8.47 s). Tr l?.17 g) rnd Tr (6.87 g) obhincrl the lft r\ruc 

posilions. So. ,l this 3lage broddcasl nrclhod dlong wirh sDliucd dose ol trirogcn 

pcrfojrncd bc(cr lhah othcr hrclhods likc tl(cnldtrr lnd loliN applicnrion ofnirrog.n 

lrd tull dosc ol nilruScr npf icd blsrlly. Mcur vrlucs lbr bot[ lhc ycoN r givctr 

Infomations for 8'" we.k rev€.led siSnilicant r.$rlls lor tEatmcnB s well 6 for 

yca6 were ob*tued whrch rcv€ cd doNinuce uf l 0 (69.s3 g), Iollowen bt T' 

(60.00g). Nc{ ordcr wis ohrliicd by Th T!, Tr. l , rr,-fr d l6 wlrcr€s. TJ (21.1{) 

s) rd Tr (22.71 s) @cupien the 16l rwo posiions. Al llis 3t!gc hodci$ de$od and 

split apphcrljon pgromEd well d cotrrprdl lo rull dcc ol iirosu' applied baslly 

dd lolid dpplicrlion. Mmvalds for tra6 e lisrcd b.los 

= 14.88h 

Obsoarions coUalcd aor 91i w€ct dcp'clol oncc aglin sisnificot Bults lot 

t@lnqts and y46. Data indic.red suprm&y of Tro {!81.4 g) ove. 6l of rhe 

tElnqts. lolloNcd by T? {10?.6 g). 1 (1009 g) a|td Tl (94.51 g), Gpclivcly. 

\vhe@s, Tr (61.00 g), Tt (51.67 g) nDd Tr (50:0 g)@ctrtiicrl rhc Intl riM Fsilions 

in d*€ndnrs o.ds. So, at $is iDtcoal broldcal me$od superced€d orher lso 

ndhods (placencnt dd aolir) and splir applicarioi ouslcd b6all, aptlied full dose 

oa nilrogen Sinilarly, both ths yc,6 shoscd nlinor but sigDificanl diltcrcnc6 for 

vhicb nrean valus arc Bi!€n belowi 

= 8t58 r 

87 50b 

Data rclalql ro lort we€k d.picted significsnl resrhs for uearhehl6 and year. 

Alrhougn. T 0 (228.4 g) Etdncd ils l" posilion bul olher s€qucncc ol lrcalnenls was 

chansed. Ta (212.8 g) *cuEd lhc s.coM and Tr (1921 g) third posilions. Other 

treatnenb (rr, n. TLr,1,, Trand Tr) remaincd in bcr*.d, whcrqs, L (89.0? d and 

78

i 

i i 

ll 

rts ad r,nsnu 

1tr, r71 47 rr oc.upied rhe ld No posrlrons. whrlc. rcdn vJldcs lor vca6 shotr thc 

Yed I = l4l.9t. 

\cr ll 

'"8'h 

ffroin{(ons $nrining ro ll" *cct l'gri,r showcd signilicNrNtrlrl rin krnnc sxs 

[dl a for ved. showrs rlmosr Dsrous s.qucnc. Ar rhrs I'o t108 4 g) 

I' 

'n'edrl 

ft.uinli folloved by Tr (291.1 d wndas, T? (l 15 9 s) and Tr 

Er or 

hcr.d 'h€ 

kilo.o7 !) rcDain d ar lhc l6t lwo position!. Al lhis $age d lsual half nitoscn 

frpDlication N bddcd mdlDd, supplcnrcnlcd qnh hall nnogdr supplicd dFush 

?[ccflc' 8]cn 10 be bcllcr con,tDrcd lo lorirr nfDlitrrnnr. lall it.ic or'iihscr 

sirnirrb apolic!'of 

+)D|edat'anringsdrnrkllyrdopledtdcdrcssinsrechniqdc 

dl iull do6c oi nnrcs€n 6 Dl&etoenl one monlh ono planrils showcd dho boLlcl 

rc$rlts. Mur !ulL$ IorycnN clislcdl,elo* 

Y€dI = I9l 12 r 

YdII = 188.03b 

As lbr is coNcmcd l2'i wek dar. indicntql sigtrilioN Gtrhs lor letrtrctrk !n 

ycaN dr !sul. At lhis stage alhousl scqrcncc ot nE ns ss bir ch Bcd bul Tn, 

f4o I g) rnd T, (16{4.7 gr Etarndl rh.rr l" ud s(ond posirions Nurto rheseqcE 

'1,', Tn Tr T,, T. T, -d Tr showiig lh.t T r jonped to lhnd p6ilion arcm $c 

'lriddk !trd T) jumped ro rounh tosilion fion seond l6t posinon whercas, T' 

(r5J.r 8) rnd T1(9?.43 g) occupicd the lasl rwo posilioN shoains p@r perfonndncc 

ol rblifl UDlicdtioh s conlp.rql lo brodcan rrd llnccNcnl Del[oJs McM vd]rcs 

for ,!..s .rc given below: 

Y*l - 225.29 h 

Y{ll = 234.48 ! 

Drtr rul ol1,, l:l'i w@t indic.lol N ustrrl sigtili.lnl r.sulls lo. voc d wcll:Ls lor 

I@tm.m5. Al this st4p altloush equfte of no.s ws bil chrgcd again but Tr 

{,O5 5 g) r.6incd ils l'' posnion, TI (328.8 g) oblainql smnd. Ta (117.9 g) lhitd afld 

Tr (103,4 g) iounh posnions in d6cendingoder. Ncxl were Ti. T,, resulls whcrcrs, 

Tr {117.6 d {nd Tr (l10.6 s) sdurcd thc U5L two posnioN whil., n1e.n v.lucs lbf

Obsedarions pc.laining lo l4ri vcck rcvolc

I 

t 

t 

Flgr: 

tfiect of itror$nic drloger ,ppllcttiotr rennhu.i on teklv tlber 

weisht pl.na'du.irg tbeyerr I & U. 

8l

R(nhs thl UerAlot 

Which mons llul splnlol nitrescn showcd bctlcr Nnlls duc lo tropcr 

mixinS ol' 

nilrogcn ltrlilizer &d uriliation thln singlc brsl dcc. Simildy. inilirlly sidu 

drcasdl nu&rlcn nighl had hannnrl cllNG whclcd, ld.r on snb nrLsscd trcdtrrchts 

Fchalcd bclls lhan later on brcadca$cd fenilizcr IrearnlenG which nc.hs ll1lll 

tillgcn wN nldccd cmefully, wts oot idcfccftdl by thc rolirsc d $ u(ilizcil 

iropcrlywhkh causd incEed lube! yicld pLanr' . On rheolherhed rEatftcntswith 

loliar rpplicnlion lalron shos€d pmr rcsllk bErrsc nr th6c c.ss pla ! mighl had 

d ruhcr {c'ght pranr ' rh6 '$urs r( sunpond lo 

, i..rc cxlctrr by $c findinss or wadilcll cr ,l { | 9e9). rhal solifled nimgm applicdriofl 

'i'roducst m inun grc*lh 6 conDurcl to full hsd tlosc oannrcgcr On r orlE. 

,l'md O.lhungtr c/ !/. (2m0) rcponcd th.r nirogctr lpFlicd $Dtrgh vftio$(6hriqus 

nad no sigtrifi .mt effet on planl srcwlh.nd d€vclopnEnr. 

,,5 Number ot"eriolnem plahar: 

Dlm for lhb par.nEt€r w@ collsted rnd lnrlrscd lhbuSh sl Glic,l rshtriqrcs 

(App. 27) {hich depicl€d si$ifica r.srlr lor yc,B. lre nE ! o||ll thcir 

inle@rions. R6ufts shNed doniodce oaTr (BC + SD) ovq 6t of the l,qrm€ms 

wnh 4. | ? srcns planar, fouowed by Tr (SD hlo on) and 1r | (SD + BC), sparivcly. 

wheus, rr (aolid), T, (SD at pldind and Tr ISD + aoliar) ccupiel rh.16r rhe\ 

posirions nr dcsc.hding ordd M.an valucs aor v.rious compon€ms .rc lklcd nr'rnbb 

Trble2.5r Effccr or ino'grhl( nhrogcn rpplicrrion re.hnique\ on numb.r or 

&rl.lrbdrnl'nr' 

rrnoer or aerirt icm oln I 

l, (l-ull nrrus.n B c. d plmhs) t.B hi 

I:C!l-! 

Lrrlll_r nn|l(n S.D. htq on, 

itulrn * Jglin ?pplrd 's) 

Dl.nnn! S.D. + 7, N hrd o. S D.) 

isBC + %N l,rson 3.C.1 

fiBC + %Nas folioraDDlLcarion) 

1" (tNdp rij1g S t, + iN!\ rolrJnplnoriin) 

1,('1NdpE!!c qc +'lNl,honsD) 

lnrinrs.D + iN rerod B C ) 

l.5l f 

t.5l I 

Fr8lc lollosed by Lhe sme lellds) scrc si8nr fi@rly dr nerent (P 0.05r

Reflhs a".l Diwssion 

s rlcnls srmon lcrvcs which syn(hcsizu iood ntr fl l srrvivil. M.rc slcus. trrnr 

$iLl bc ([c rube6 planrr which contriburc lowards pld yicld So, nrilirl]y 

Ioldc$lcd 

nitoscn nrishl had no hannl0l cifccl on lrbcrc lnn blcr otr side dr$cd 

dosc wra rol wrsldl dic l. cxNlll DlnccNcir d(c kr wlriclr icnr ouNhd w!r! 

incMcd. lD c6e ofinitially side d6sed aulldos€ tube6 mighl had alletcd badly. 

SiNilrrlt i', rhc cr* dr lolirr:'tplicrrnD p[trrJlmghr hrvc li,lirgt i'irr] or ska\. 

lhat is why phnts did nor pcrfomr I'bpcrly aor rnis llendcr.ashkli Tlac culrs 

or. pdidly supponed by Rob€ft e, //. (1982). who E od€d thd splnrol nnba.tr 

rcsult d in moE nnmbd 6f sh3 ns comparcd lo firll b6al dose oannogd. On thc 

orhcr nlnd Picjcila ind Trcro (1991) claimql l[dl trunrbcr al slcms pl.nrr wDrc 

iicrodsed due to foliar nnrcgen applic.rion. Thc€ vari.tions could be atlriburcd ro 

conseculive loliar applicariohs of nimSen in prlsenr sludres which ultinalely highl 

lavccauscd stess on tla s. 

2,6 Numberolle,Yespl.nrr: 

I),h ao. lcnl Ntrlbc wcrc collcclql. nrnngsl rml subjalcd ro al)sis ol laridcu 

l@htrqu6 (App. 28) vhich showcd hilhly signific.nl rcsulls for lEtmcnls nnd 

silriilicdn lor yc6 ald intctution. Reult3 dcpicrcd sotdioriryoaT'o(BC + SD) .nd 

Tr (BC + BC) ova cl of lh€ lmtmcnc. folloscd by Tr (SD larr on) and T' ' (SD + 

BC) whqeG, r' (SD + foliar) aid T1 (foliar) occupied the lasr rwo posilions. 

Trcatmcnt Dcan v.lu6 foi vano$ cofrponcnrs fc lisrcd ir Table 2.r) 

'hltlc2,6! Cllect of inorgrnic nitrogcn {Dplicltion technqu€s on numbcr ol 

le.ves Dl.nt'' 

't;b* or 

'"*d.;I 

-li (Iuil tuh8cn A.C. d plantins) 

T. rljullnn'u! sD ar Dlrrin 

T' (l;ull nltuFn Ba. lakr d) 

Tr 0;ull .'tur.n S D I& d) 

T, (l_ull.'ua.n 6 rohu,FDl'crLon) 

I. (%NdDlrnrinaSD + '/, N lrrd on S D.) 

T' (% N.r dmr4 B C + 

'r N hrn on B.C.) 

T, ('tN.rpllnhnsBC + %N a\ foli.rlppliclrion) 

T" (4NrrphnnnsSD +tNas foli aDDljarion) 4l 

T o('! N ar plantn! B C + %N |rrcron S.D ) 

T ( l N3r rLmrin! S.D. + /, N lakr on B C ) 

Figurcs followed by the sane leue(t wdc siSnlficanlly diffdenl (P = 0.05) 

8l

Ranls uad Diflsi'ot 

Ar ldv6 rcqunc nuknion, spEially nilogcn lcnili^r for lhcir stu*$. dmlopmcnl 

and funfiq prcper runcrioni.g. Thar is lhc r@son rhnl T'o anti T' prcduced noE 

lqyes b€au* in tb* tcirfren|s innirlly .itbgen war broadcrslcd and vas 

suprlem€nred rh@ugh side desins and boadcast m.thods, spdively, in which 

nilrcgcn migh nad be. utilized top€rly. Ncxr to th6c *as Tr in whi€h later otr 

Dirrogctr \'!s si{lc drusscd md *$ rvlil$lc rr hrur shgcs ol lhc pl l wlrcruls- rr 

l $ shs.s oilr.gcn lllt]licd ir lhc fonn of sn y sho*cn ll.or,cs'lrs ahi.h nilhr hc 

due io foliase slr€$ wnich could havc afected dle process or phorosynlh€sis. 

Sinilarlx side d6*d.ilogeo al plsrliig (halfor fulldo@) Night hrve danased the 

hr6cr iiritirlly, lhar is qhy TL and T,, showcd iilcflnldirrc rlstrlls. Ttr* Bulls arr 

stlponed 1o some exre by the findi'rBs ofRobcrls.r "/ (1982)lh!( sp|n nniogen 

applicalion 6ul1ed in noE nunber of leav6 lhaD f!11 dole of nitogen a?plied al 

2.7 Heightorrbepl.trt(cm) 

Hcigh oflhc plets wG norcd aod subj€rcd ro analtsis ol vriaD@ tehniqud (App. 

29) Nlicn Bakd significant rgulls lor r.E. tE nftnls and th€ir inrcraclion slich 

i6 dtu aom tlE tollowin8 lauc. 

I.b1.2.7: Erct or i.org.!i. litre8.n .pplhrtior tqhniqu6 otr ncidr of 

m4sD +,iNhboisD) 

!nf!Bc + , N hrlon B'c') 

etungB c + %Nsfor,&aeer,sloi) 

!tr rRs D + : N * forhr.pplic{io') 

rr( Nrebn'ingBc r (NLrrors.D) 

Ti (i NrpbdiBsD +r,NhH0nDC ) 

!!l!9!lrr (.r!! 

Iisures followed by the suc lerte(t w.E significdtlydiffeml iP = 0.05) 

Abor€ amosm€nr r€lealdt donindce orT' (sC + BC), To (Bc + sD) and Ti (sD 

+ SD) ovd orher rratn.nls, followcd by T. (SD lat r on) ad Tr | (SD + BC) wheMs 

T1(SD + lorint.T: (SD !l plitrring) !n Tr ( aolir' ) tun'rinql n( thc lnsr lrrre |\xinx's 

84

R^lhs and Usculslon 

lbllowing descending order In rhis regard agdn i( could be obsryed lnal njrrcgcir 

lpplicd in (so doses poduced tallcr planrs as conparcd ro futl basal dosc, bmdc{slcd 

nrlos.n ai plmring prcved ro b. bclier dd s.fsr compaGr lo side d6Fd nnoser st 

flantrng, d l cr slas6 sidc drcssilg rcminDd bcllq $ brcrdc$tqt nilogrtr 

wh.M, folid rppliculioo snowcd t@r Eol$ th bro c6l d pte€nrtrl 

nElhods. Argunars nadc in prcviols c]s c {l$ b. cmploy€d hm thar innialy 

bmld6ld nnogs nad sle and b€|tcr imp&r. tald on side d6s€d nnogo nighl 

lE utilized pbpsly du€locmfulappticlrion.nd aoli.rapptication nigh nad hrmtul 

ill|l)not lo plnnt Llinscduclo wlrich hctrcrrc$rth scrc notobrilLrt Thcs. rcsutls i( 

in conlhry b $e llodings of GarhunSn dr d/, (2000) who rdponed thlt herhod of 

nrlr!8€n application (broadcasi or placncnt) had ho siSnincant effecr o. ptant heighr, 

Where6, Jongso.r /1. (1996) suppon our rcsutts pnlia|y ut ptant height wds 

rnc@sd with two nitsosd applications s compared b singlc basjl applicalion of 

2.8 Numb.roftrb€Bpl.rlr. 

DalI werc collet€d by @fting numbcr of tub6, lvcas€d w@ conpurcd .fti 

subjctcd 10 an.llsis or v.riancc tshtriqucs (Apn lo) which n icarql hishty 

srgnificr rcsults aorrEarm€ntsontywhich t.tcnr fbh lalllc 2.t. 

T.ble2.8r Elldt of i.org.lic rirog.tr appticdor rshaiqu6 otr numb€, or 

rubeF D|tnf' 

1' (!3l nikosen S.D. at planrin!) !!IL 

n(tuurn ?s lbl,d ,pplicriun) 

1,. (trN arplrtuss D +7,Nlar.rons,tr.) 

T' (,, N.t phlns 3.c. + % N LErm B.C ) 

T. { 1N rt planu.g B.C + % N6 roh!'aeddbn) 

'1, (% N.rplanrngs D + % N :s folir ipolidrio) 

I D(i4N.( planhns B c +%Nl.rnosD.) 

-lrl! liiglE$ lolloNcd by rhc s,Dc lclr(s)wcrc silnilicrDrty dinarcnl (p = 005) 

iMrl|1r49 *,, N r"".- H c ) 

Tteamd ne.ns clearly dmobslrated sup!.macy ofTh (BC + SD, followed by Tr 

(SD l.teroi),Tl (SD+Bc) and T' (BC + BC) ih which cses nitosfl w6 apllicd 

53 

85

Raula atd Disa$lon 

eirlEr tvo rlases or lard on it wa6 sidc dG$cd, e ninimnm damage ro gowi,,8 

tubes nighl bc thcro and due lo splils it nright be rvilablc throrshout rnd rtili^(t 

peporly, That is *hy inirially btuadcastcd md lalei on side diessdl nitrcgen sovc 

betl.! rt!!ns. On tbe oths hed. T, (SD at pldning), To (SD + foliar) aDdTJ (foli{r) 

rcnxutrcd rt thc ldi dn€e posilions showing thal inirially side dcsd full dosc i 

foljtt applic iotr migbl lrad hmrul effet on gDqing tub.6 od aoliagc dle lo shich 

pl ls rcnajnel lndq s(ls ad pbduced lB nonbq of lub6 @np@tivcly. 

Sidil*ly, it could d$ b€ rgued rhar noF nlmbe. or srds pq pldl prrducol 

n'crc.s, ntrn'bd ol tubc6 md vicc vcrsa, rllc* r6ul(s vary lronr drc findinSs ol' 

C hungu tr' d!. (2000) who rcponcJ fint DcllDd ol niltugcn llrPlicarion hod no 

signilic.nt effect on.unberoftubeB plantr. Sinildly, Winlek {1t99) co.clud.d that 

nunrbqoltubcts were incEed llnough foliar nilrogen application. Thcsc difcrcfccs 

could bc onribuled to coh*cutive nun$cr of loliar nitJos€n aptlicarions (prcsctrt 

srudict which might have cased loxicity &d lllinarety srr€s lo tllol. 

2.9 Tqngveishr .nt-r (g) 

Dala tor tub€r w€igh1 were Eorded md subjcred to analysis of variflcc rehniq!€ 

(Apt. 26) wnich show€d sisnificanr Gulc lor uslnqrs and inrenclion whi.h is 

cl@ frch rlrc aollowing rabl€ 

T.hl. !,t:- FlTcd ol irorAnnic nlrroccn.nDti.rtion r..hnirtr'sor rrhcr s.iqhl 

T llullnnrcsen B.c. ar plunr'nsl 290t0d 

1: 0ulln'rrnsd s D dptsnhll 

TI 

t, 

I:rj-!!-!rErq!:!g!pk4rq) t5t 37 i l15.58t 

T. r,4Nar pl?lringSD +%N LrconSD.) 

ng BC.+ /,Nl&m B.C.) l52.13c 

ngBC + t, N 6lohir.Dlnl's) 22317hi 2l5.5lhi 

!:.1lLI-:!d rnrinsSn +, N a lolir.ppl'c.ron) 

anhs a.C + 7, N tai.J on S.D. 

Tx l,N dnlJnhas D + ,N lacon Bc ) 

Figurcs followcd hy lhe sam.lerte(t werc sisnincanrlydifcrmr iP = 0.05) 

86

Betttb od Disesriol 

Rsulls indicalcd suFnonty 6lTjo (BC + SD) olcr alloth€r lralnren$. aollowed bv 

Tr (SD laler on). N€xl two pGnion sft @upicd by Trl (SD + BC) ed Tr (BC + 

aC) in d6cending ordd. whcl4 T* {BC + foliar). Te (SD + roli,r) and T\ {foliar} 

sdund rh€ lN lh@ posirions. sbo*ints oncc rgrin per pdronn ce due b lolirr 

aptlicdion *hicb ni8ht had damased $c foliage sd c sed a sr6s upon planc On 

lhc orhcr h d initially bdrdcrsrL\l + sitlr dNssql l:(.r or nni lrlcr otr sidc drc\scd 

(lulldosc) rEalmmls p'6duccl noE rub.r wcisltl planr' which Nighr h€ duc ro srress 

Iec condrrion, pmp€r applicalion sd ulilizalion ol nilrogcn fonilizcr; speciallv i'1 

c6e of splitted ipplication 6 cotupaed lo tull bosal dose Thsc findinss are i. 

agrletrent panially with fie Bulls ol Payion (1990) who reponcd that spln nnmgcn 

{flicalioD nrctased tubcr frsh weiShl ds conDared to basal s$gle rrtro8en 

{plicarion. On de othd hmd CalhutrSu c/ /1. (2000)rcporlcdbrldrrcrcnl rcsullslhd 

nl.thodofnnogen 4plicalion nrd notsignificlnl cltccl on luber yield planlI 

2.10 Tubcryicld hr-r (kg): 

D.b for thn 6t*1 vs ompulcd wilh tie hclp ol tubet wcight ple{ r ed anal}scd 

(App. 3t) which depicled significul r6ulls lor lEalncnls vhich re shown 

Trbl€2.10r Efi€ct of i.org.nic !iirog.! .ppliotlon l.chtriqtres on tub.r yicld 

I!L"ry!!-El (![ 

I' lliullnrtuuln B( d plmins) 

I nilrogen as foliarapplicdion) 

\.tplsntingS.D. + 7, N llreron S.D ) 

103.1,188 f 

15907.7.r J 

li (/,N d rlsf"ns B.C.+ ,Nlare'.nBC) 

Ti (,NdplmnnsBC + , N ss folhruppliorion) 1320730 

I2a19.t1 

I !, (r N ar pLanrins B C +%Nhr0onSD) 

T,, ( % N sr plantng s.D. + %N l.&r on B c.) 

Fign6 followed by the sde lerte(!) wd. 6igf,ificdtlt dilf€Ml (P = 0.05) 

Tr (BC + SD) obtai..d $e In posnion wirh ndinum tube. 

yicld of2019158 k8 haI. Saond .nd rhird posilions w€r€ ccupioi by Tr (SD latr 

BC), podncinS 18208.76 and 

r75sr.2' ks hartubd lcld, 

87

I 

Fle,l: 

Eilecr of iiorg lc !ilrog.! .pDllc.llotr t€.triqrcs on tuber tleld (kE 

hr'') durine rh. yor I & Il,

R.sul6 ard Disession 

rcspcclllely. whercs, Tr (SD + ioliar) and TJ (foliir) shownt Poor r€sulls podlcert 

l2?:11).4r nM 10334.88 kg hr' lLrbcr yicld. As (rh dnh wN dcrivql ftln lrhcr vicl(l 

tlarf , So, drgunot nade in trevious cs. mry dlso be €mplov€d he.€ lhal initiallv 

brcadcdled nirios€n remained ar l'posilion, 2M posiliotr *s obtained bv lalq or 

sidc-dBsol nitmsa D€tlDd wher*. aolid npplicllion rcmaincd $c lNl (l ) 

t osirion duc ro p@r pdfome@. Tfics dllts arc in .aEnrqr *nh ftc findinls oa . 

Hodjdlowa (1998) that band applicalion of nnrcsen Preved to be benq ftatr 

broadcdt melhod. sinildly, culc Epon.n by Maidl a // (2002) soppod lhds 

nndinss $nr stln rpplicrlion and plrcmenl olnilbgcn had p6nirc cllat on lirb6 

2.ll l.resh roliag€ s.lght plmt r (g)r 

Obsopariotrs coll€cled fo. weekly foliagc w.ighr plant (t61i scek) wet takeD s 

lrcsh loliage *€ieht plmlr and subjslcd to stalislical analrsls techniquB (APp 16) 

which showcJ siBnificanl resulls lor trcahrc s,s wcll is lot ycas Mqn valucs lol 

bolh Lhe @nlporents e gven bcloN: 

T.bh 2.ll: Eficr of inoig..ic oilrog.! .pplic.rion tchriqtr6 on aGh folirg. 

*.igbi Olral 

T, {Fullnn6s6 B.c. ir Dlmrin 

Tr (Full nnroed S,D. al pldtins) t\141 

Tr (FullnilrcgdB.C lalaon) _ 

Tl iFull nitrcqen S.D.lalron) 

= 153.99 a 

Mm vslucs r€vealed lbat T,o (BC + SD) adaindl al top wnh ndintrm aBn aoliar. 

wcighr pld ', aolloved by Ti (BC + BC) andnisD 

T6, Tr, Tb Tr and Tt occupiod thc ncxl posilions 

F"li,s;;rt'rt "t'i 

tTtob 

T( (Full nnrcsen s foliar asl)licatror) 

'r0 (%N.tplanlih8S.D.+%N larcronS.D.) 

T" l%NdtolmlincB.C.+!/N late!onB,C.) 

TN (7. N ar plmline B.C. + % N as loliarlpplicaton) t57.1d 

'f, t7,N.r pldrinsS.D + %Nasfolidapplic ion) 

Tjoth N.r plunns B C +%NhlsonS.Dr) 

TLr (hN rr plutinsS.D +% N hi.ron B.q) 

FiAuG aollow€d b) lhe stmc ldenslscrc tr8ll'ncJntly dific'€nr(P 005) 

lat€r on). Orher trc mcnrs (lrL. 

ii squcnce wheea,T: (SD r(

plm(ing) ud T. laoliar) ohlaincd lhc lisl lwo nosililtb 

R.sula tnd Disession 

ih tlcsccndirrg o cr wilh 

Ninirun ioliage weighr planf . So, arSumcnls nudc ir casc ols.ctly loliase qcighl 

pldl may also be made her thai nilrosd applicd in lwo doss Mained betl.r ovcr 

Inll bNrl d hrur on Jo$. Si'rilr'lt. ho lcnsr ficihxl (nl plnnlirg) Drorcd [ullo'. 

nnbwcd by s c-dcsing{l son) Nlrcus. folir{rtlicdn oanittugcnrcDird 

lhc boltoni. Th6e 6ulls @ panially suflDnci by lhc findings or Rob€ns ., z/. 

(1982) rn splil nitroso applicarion ircE lat fBh loliag€ wcishl plant' lhd full 

dos of ni(mscn .pdidl al tlnnlnlg. 

2.12 Fini,ge dry veight plantr(g): 

Rqdif,gs h this r€sed ww noted lnd subjectcd to inalysis oa variance techniqrcs 

(Atp 12r trh^l' JcpKrcJ jgnrficxr rcsns for u$nnoF ),riJNdcrJ.non. 

Although, nre.n valu6 showed sisnificsnr diifd.n.es slrlislically bul ditTdcnccs 

snons mqns were nol so wide.ed exccpl T, dtrd Tr. Any how. T. (22.97 g) ud T r 

(22 59 g) oeupicd tne bp posirion rcmainingal Dar vnh erchother. olhcr trcalmcnls 

lilc T). T' . T', T., and Tr aomcd sMnd grctrp and slmd ar I)2r qilh oclr olhct. 

Sinilarlt To dd Tr slDwed alnd simild Gults foming third goup who6. Tl 

(15.4? g) .rd Tr (13.87 g) fodcd lat grout and mained al bollom with minimunl 

toliage d.y Ncishr plana' Anyhow. rho. t{hB fitr difcrcnl Npcrs arc lislcd in lhc 

b*o as folif rpDlidid) 

plmhBs.D +h N IlFm S.D ) 

olrnhnq B C. +',4 N lrt.rd A.C ) 

pl.nhs B.C. + Z N 6 folid.pplior 

Dllnhnas.D. +',4N 4 folilr.mli..r 

TD (% N et phnting B'c + -4 N lald on S.D.) 

l,' (% N at plmtins S.D.+ %N hrda B.C.) 

rltreg.n appllc lon !e.hniques on toli'3€ dry 

FislB lolloped by 1n€ sme I€ne{O *.r€ si8rilicetly dircr€nr (P = 0.05)

R6nhs dnl Dirrstion 

Foliagc wcign consisrs of sreo, branches ard leaves. Similrly, hqllhy folirgu 

rcllsts towlrds belrrgDwrh dd yicld lolcntialolthe crup. So,lrc nrenls wnh norr 

foliage weight plaDir shoqed nore aolirgc dry wcighl plantr lhd vicc vets4 willr 

Dinor varilrioDs. So. dglmenls nad. in csc of lch foliage weight plrnr I nay also 

bc @Nadercd valid for this pamctcr. Th6c rcsulc arc in agrm 

with th€ lindings of wd€M and Sojla {196) vho r@ned thar bmdcd nitrcg.n 

oustol aor dry wcigtu oa polalo pbnl ov$ boadclslql nihgen. 

2.11 Tlher dry v€ighl plrnar (s) 

Ob*ryrtions p.rlainins lo this pdddd wd. coll.cl€d md subj€cled lo aalysis of 

ladanco uhoique. (App. ll) which sho*cd sisnificanl 6ults for reatnents and 

iflcrdcnoo. McM values lor both thcconrponcnrs irc cnlisrcd nr l.blc 2.13. 

Tnble2,l3r Eil€cr of inorsanic nit.ogen rpplicrtion iechniqucs on tub.r dry 

;ngS'D' +'{N h|dotrs'D l 

djng B c + % Na forij ipql(.rM) 

ding s.D + "1N a forir rprrkj'q) 

.iringB c r rNLhois.DJ 

rdirysD +,{N ||h ol Bc'l 

FiBu,es rollow€d by rhe sec 1.rlc(9 werc sisrificahlly difer€nl (P = 0.05) 

M@i val ss sbowed thal Tio (BC + SD) !.mained al top, aoliorcd by Tr (SD laltr 

on). Aoth th* tMtn€nb producoj mxinum lubq dry s€iehl plani . Nexl lo thcsc 

wcE T1r, T., Tr, T6 Tr ,nd Tr which showed ahon sinild rcsulls Nith minor 

vlriaions. Simildlx Tl dd To rnainol at par statisricllly *h@s Tr (foliar) w6 

tound lo bc ar botlom pllducing mininum tub€r dry Eighr planal 

In $is regnrd once again splitlal iitftr8cn ou$cd bdal dosc dnd inilially boadc4ldl 

+ side dres*d t€chnique suprGeded initiaut sidcdB*d dd aoli.r rppli.alion. lt 

codd be lreued rhat lreahcnB shich prcduccd nioE lrcsh hrbcr weighl plull 

showed berrer Fsults foi rhis aspecr by retoinihs in reasql tuber dry weiShl pl!trrr,

Rants and Diwssion 

*hjch rcflcl upon yi€ld potcDtial oacooccarod rrcrlnlcn(s. Thcsc rrsulls ore partiully 

supponed by lhe findincs of Payton ( 1990) who reporled lbat split nitogen applicarion 

nrcteaed tlber dry v€icl . 

2.14 Tuber tpam. gnvity: 

Dlu aor qnrlilalivc $per wdc olttaincd md $bjeled lo slalislical analysis ol 

vana.e l*hniqu6 (App. 34) which rcnc$ althols} significam cola for 

lqtndc bur rh* dilI€Iw6 among rErmdt m€ds m qunc namw.d. Man 

valn€ revelcd thal Tr 0.094) maincd at lop, s{ond Fsition was acupied by n, 

and T 0 wjrh L091 sp€cifi. gavity, othq six trcalncnls ienained in bclwen whcus. 

Tl und Tr gol the second lal and last positions wi(h 1.090 and I 087 tuber sr€cific 

gravrty, Especli!€ly (Tabl€ 2.14). 

'lllle2.14! Dffcct of inorgnnic nitrogcn roplicrtion tcchniques o! tubor 

iu 

IL (!!! rbss BC ar pldring) 

J,. (i!!_" hgcn S.D. .r pldrlirs) 

'l {Fulln loso B.C. lat€r on) 

Tr (Fulln logd S D lder on) 

!9sq !! Ql!{!pPl!9iri9n) 

elotiuS.D. + ZN lalconS.D.l 

T' (h N ar pldtinc B C. + ,. N l.rd on B.C.) 

L]]i!ltnhnhs Bc + ?,1!lE roli npplic.rion, 

Te (4 N.rplurne S D + 4 N6 foh.raolhc.lon) 

Tm(7rN at plantin8 B.C + tr N rareron S.O.) 

T' (4N al plan ncS.D + t1N larnon BC.) 

Figurcs followsd by tte sme lette(t wde si8rificanrlydifferent (P = 0.05) 

r Npccillc g'avry is ! qulitrlivc ti[r oLc whi.h rcllecB lNn n)llLtrlt ol lr 

lubeu dd cannol be judged sinply by visual obs.raions, In lhis regrid difa€rnces 

n$trrll{dlmvho{. li(lla hrer!{rl l lr, (lli' 

+ SD) shorcd ht€r posilion rhal nigl be duc lo utrlially or laleron boadcGtcd d 

sl)litlcd nnoscn duc lo which plant! h.d no st6s and nqaom€n fEly wi lc, on ltc 

o$.r n nd T. (SD + SD) showed ale bend Gult! tor this pffiecr a|onishingly. 

Wncss, l, md Tr showcd poor r*ul$ a usual in which cN plants midt bc 

aff@t€d b*ause of dnrogd loxicily du. lo which phorosy n€dc dlivny mieht b. 

dficct€d or disturbed. Tnat is why pldts could not perfom well So, it could be 

92

Rsuhs .nd Dirrstion 

rguqt tbar rhrougb boa&6r€d lnd splirtcd nirrcs.n slpply bener quality tube6 wcrc 

prcdued d conparql ro inilial side dGs.d bael dce or foliar applicalion. Ths 

rcsults arc sopponed by Cimrx (1984) who reponcd rhal nilDgcn apDlicalion lo 

roli.sc tulnccd tubcrspeifi c gmviry. 

2.15 Ttrbcr dry m.tl.r p.r..nt g. 

Obwations for lbis 6pdt of $od, wde nolsd :nd subj€clcd to maltiis ofrandce 

tecbtiques (App. 35) wnich rcvqlcd significlnt difTcEnces amons t€atrhent freln 

v.lus, *hich aE lisred in tablc 2.15. 

Table2,l51 ofiet ot irorganlc nitogen npplicrtion lechniques on rub.r dry 

T (Fulln kqen BC. alplantin8) 

Tr (Full n1r'ogcn S.D. alplatrtiIs) 2217 J 

Tr (Full nnrosen B.C. hl.ron) 

Tr (Iull nirrosen S.D. bi.ron) 22.33 ^ 

Tj (Full nircsfl 6 folir rpplicnlion) ,2I I] J 

n (%NarpldriryS.D. + |l N lat ron S.D.) 2Z-5J a 

Tr (% N at plrn'inB B.C + rrN hr.r on B.C ) 22.11a 

Tr ( 7z N at plelinB B.C. + t1 N as lolirr cDplicalion) 22.20 r 

Tr (%NdplutingSD.+t:N6lolidalplicalior) 1t.91 

TB (% N ar pldling B.C. + 14 N lai.r on S.D.) 22.bJ n 

T (% N rl pldtins S.D. + r) N lala or B.C.l 

Figle tollov€d by lne samc lcnc(s)vcrcsisnificanlly dilrcr.m (P = 005) 

Ir i €videnl fren lhc.hove dang€m.nt thrt mean valu6 fomed rvo grcups nainlyl 

TI Trc, T6 Tr! T,, Ta, Tr &d T* constituled l\r goup wheEas, T,, T ddTJ fom€d 

lhe s6ond srcup. Although, slalislicdll, csllts werc significant but diffdences 

mong ned valud vere quite nlnowcd. Anyhowi tEatmenrs which showed be cf 

rcsults for othd pamDtels (T4, Tr, T 0, TrL) rcnlired ,le bericr itr lhis c6e whilc, 

tralnrerts slrow'ng poor resulls for othcr 6pcck (T. and T0). bebaved in the similar 

way and shored p@r.€sulls forihis panndq also. 

Ov.mU, it would be visuali2e

R.\th tuI Dis,*h,t 

havnrsf6tcrtrmspinlionrateamdshosinsftorclossesoamoislurcpmducedtcssdry 

vesa. As ror !s conccnrcd lhis parander of sludy, dillcrc 

searchqs have rcponed diltcrcntlyi Sinlh and Singh {19t4) rcponed $ar bsal 

drcsing cur loliar lppliqrioD hd a significanr cfccl on lob€r dry nnucr. On llD 

oftr hand. T6vczy6ki (2001) @ncludcd $at rcrlDds of nnmgen applicaion n t 

nosignificanr craton ruberdry m cr 

2.16 Ttrb.r mistur. p.rc.!ta8. 

Inromarions for lhis ap.ct oa study w.!c obkincd and subjelcd 16 datysis of 

v 'amc l..hn'q!cs (App. 16) w[iohdopicLcd ligniticanrdi|Icrcnccs mrtrglrcaldool 

he.n lalues whicn are listed in lablc 2.16. 

Ttble2,l6: Efi€ct of inorgnnlc nitrogen Nppti.rrion t€chniques on rubq 

rr (ru nrosgl B L Jt ptantrs) 

L,-ll!lf!r!ecqDa.4r]3!1tlrl 

Tr (Full nitro8cn B.C.lalqotr) 

L (FullnnogenS D latcr on) 

rr (Fullnnbrenc tolid !rDl(.r'or 78 

To (Z N attlanrinSs D + % N l.r.ron S.D ) 

(7,N r' plallin8 B.C +hNlakroiBC) 

Ts (/r N atrlut'npB.C.+ tr N 6lolirrrppt'.anon) 

T, (% N at rloting S.D. + % N s folit.ppticl!9'U 

Ttu{7r N.l pl.nri.g B C. + /t N tltcr on S.D.) 

7?Ir1b 

ILr 

Figue,lollotred b\'le soe le(ca'trcrcig[fcxnrt) J. e'cnr rp 0.U., 

Z N ir plMrinsS D + r, N h(cron B.C 

As lhis dal. werc conpurdl wit[ the hctp oflubcrlry n1ficr lerccntage $, rrealrcDG 

with lss dry malter percentasc showci highcr molslrr. I,u,L!,, 

'r'hd,s r|y lr {lblid) rDrl l! (sD 1 JoLiu) s rowud his[cr nxnsru'! pcrunllgc 

compmlively. *hich wer€ pmr pcrfomer for olher tddleleG Nheles, T,o (BC + 

SD) and ILj (SD + BC), dd somc otlr.r trcdmcnls (Tr. T, showed les mokiurc 

Tlbs Doislurc is a qualiutiv€ ch@tcr of$c tub€r wnich unimdety ellel shetf 

lifq slohbihy md hmdling ol rhe rubc6. So, ir coutd be argued $al due to re 

application ol nihge. thbush foUar n€thod tube6 with hieher moisiue pft€nrlge 

were pmducol wh,ch indicaled rowa.

R6aks and Diwsnon 

rd T") which pmduced lub€6 wirh lcs nrisrurc DcEcnlagc on lhc oiEr hrnd 

produccd bclls quality tubffii which could bc hlndlcd 6ily d tcirt ao. lonsq limc 

compamlively Il could be exdincd thlt dir.renc$ among lrc 

lcry nuch nrrcwcd lor d s $oat ol tlE cnp. For this panm€td of study 

Traeczynski (2001) Epo.tdl to em. qr.nt dilTsEnl muns th.l mclhod ol nirogcn 

application had no sisnificanr cltet on tubd dry naner or in olh€r words moistuc 

2.17 Tub€r rot.l solubl.solldi ('Brk)l 

Data in relation lo thh p@el.r *crc collectcd ahd analtsed by constructing ealysk 

otvarianc€ lable {App,37) whichshowcd rcn{igrificantresults Any how, tEarnrent 

nlqr vrlucs rre anrngcd in Tablc 2.1?. 

T!b1e2.17: EiI€cr ol imrgrnic nlrrog.r .pplic.rion r€chniqu€s on tlber ror.l 

Tr (FullnitrcBen B.C.6t plmLi.!) 5.14 NS 

T, (Full niboeen S D. ar pldtins) 5.15 

1, (Fullnirbsd B C.Iareron) 521 

Tr (Fullniio!€. S D.lakronl 5.t8 

T5 (Full nrtrcss 6 lol'e.pplic.lion) 5.26 

T6 (lh N ar plmtins S.D. + 1,1 N lalr on S.D.) 5.t5 

T, C4 N at pl4uns B.C. + % N hidon B.C ) 

TSS is a qlalitative md ilridve character, concelned with naturily dd ripening of 

lh€ lube^ ror whi.h means did hol lhow Bignificanl difTeenc€ anlohe themselves 

Anyhow, Tr sol I'' posilion virh 5.26 TSS, b.n pcrlonnnrgT I' r€nuined in betsee! 

showing 5.17 TSS whcrcN. Tr wls found to bc ar bo(orn with 5.14 TSS valuc. So. ir 

could be ob*R€d md egucd that tubd TSS wd nol afccled staislically by diifercnl 

n€thods of nilrcgo applicrtiotr. tu, honoee.ors naleial of the eme vai€ly, having 

sanrc gencr'c mrkc up ws u*d. 

5.t5 

L ('!\arphntins B c. + % N r lolor anphc!tron) 5.t5 

T,, (', N at plJnline S.D. + 4 N n! loltu lnphcrnur I 5.t3 

h(/,N nhntins B.C + t1N l,'krd S.D.) 5.t7 

T' (7r N aLpl,ntinsS D +ZNlaFonBC 5.15 

Irgu6 followed by the see lett.(s) w€re si91ificdll, diffeEnr {P= 0.05)

2.18 Tub€. nirroser cont nGon dry mtt€r b.rk (%). 

R6rhs ond Ditusnoa 

Ob*d{ions ro. dis pmeler vcrc tak.n, conr.dRl, ors4iz.al nnd slbjetdl ro 

srarislical rnllysis rhmugh vdi cc tobh (App. 38) which Ev€alql noniienificar 

r€sulls uong tEatn€nl n@' 

Mcanvaluesiftlicllcdrhr'I5{1,75,r,lcnroirrudtrlllDtop.Ibllosdby'11.TranJf,, 

with 1.63% niftogen conlffts whcrcas, Tr, T.,, T1, Tro nd T' rcmained ar ldrposnion 

shownlg | 28%nittugen conrcnls which isquitcclcdr fon thc folloqing|able. 

T.ble2.l8: Efiect or Inorg.nic nitrogcn lppli.rtion lechniqu€s on ruber 

], !lt.L,li1."$!1, !{j!!t!ut!ut!) 

Tr {Frll nirros€D S.D. arplolins) 

Tr (Frllnirolcn BC li'eron) t5, 

Ir (Fullnitrosen S D.latcron) 1.28 

(Fdl nilrogen 6 foliar appli.alion) 1.75 

T,, (% N al plerins S.D. + ,) N ialq on S D ) 

1.28 

T? (YrNrLplmrinsBC + rN labon B C l 128 

T' (% N at planl'na B.c. + % N a foli.r .pplic.rion) |.63 

T,' t%NarplmrincsD { Z N s lotiar appticalion) |.61 

Tk(4Nar pldLineBC + ZN l.ltronS D.) 128 

T" (r,NarpldtinsS.D +r,Nl.rsonB.C.) 128 

Fisuc aollow€d bv rh. sd. l.nens) {.8 significanrty diftfrnr (P 0051 

This is a qualilalivc cnd&to concedd *ith nudtive vrlue otthe rube6. Alrhousn, 

ron'significanl rFults arc .€vqled by lh. IEatm€nl medn !a'n6 €{en rh€n sne 

ni'ior lariarions could bc obsR.d Mong lhctrsclvcs. ln $is rcg,rd il is qlilc cler 

thar tEalnents (Tm. Tr ) shosing beu.. p.rfomfce for o0€r vegekive param€ter 

including yield sbowed codps.livcly les percenrage ofnittugen co.lenls vilhin lhe 

tube6 dd vice vesa. Wnicn mcans ihat nilrcger applied {ss utilized bylbe crop to 

neel its grcNlb ne€ds and les6 nillogcn was shined lowdds xrb6 due ro Brcwrh 

dilulion aiclor of nitrcgen, Whcre$, p@r pcrlonncr lrcllnDfts {Tri T5 and T!, 

tetained compdatively more nilog.n cont.nts wilhin llE lohrs as pldls toisht harc 

surplus inFls duc to l6sulilizilioi. Thnr is why nhrc nitogcn w$ shincd and srohl 

in tubc6. Or lhc olhd hand, il can dle hc argucd llit rcilnrerls showing l6s yeld 

had pnduc€d bdler qu.lity tubcF @npeivcl, and vrce vere. G€nmlly, il ws 

ob$rcd lhal lubo nilog.n corrcnrs rcnunNd uufTstcd ty vrrious nrthods ol

R^uhs an.l Diytssion 

nirrosqr pli.rlion. Thqsc Estrlls n'! tudhq $r|)|lnld n, Mitht r RobiDsnr 

(190) *no rcponed thar folirr spr.y or urc. sliSntly incGcd rubs nilbsor 

@nrqls. s'n larry, Maidl "/ //. (2m:) @nctudd lhat whc'r nnosen ferlilizs wrs 

applicd i'r spln {iosei the elldt of mgd p|f.nBr beamc negligibty ma . Th* 

F dl5 r€ aurrhs slmghded by thc titulings of Traw$zFski (2()Ot) lfiar oN 

f€niliarion or n rrrcsen d*ru$! nrloSd ronr.nB In lubc6. 

2.19 Ttrb.r ptosphons olt€nr! on .t.y D.ll.r b$h (o/r: 

lnnnnr.tlons lor rhis n ivc ch rclur wcrc c.tl..rRt. conr.ncrl rnrt Mattsctl 

consinrcnns anallsis ofvdianc€ rable (App.lt) w[ich revcrtcd signi6cMt rcsuxs ror 

rrcalnarsr whlchre presltcd in the tollowinS rabtc 

lrnlc2,l9r Efi.ct ol i.ror$nt. nirr,oAcn nDDtiLntidr tfttrni{t'rca on hrtro 

l.nl| on drv ma cr bssi 

I' tlullnihe€n B c ar plu'inB) 

LlMr trcs€n s.p. at pldtins) 

T, (Full n 

n (Fulln 

hgen 6 loliar applicarion) 0.210 n 

T6 (% N ar pldling S.D. + % N labonS.D.) 0.208 b 

n (ZN qr pluring B C. + % N t.lcr on B,C.) 

0!{ar plinrin8 Bc. + %N s foliar applicruon) 0208b 

n {Z N ar plmLinA 5 D. + tr N a fotiaraDplicruon) 0.208 b 

T 0tt N arplaune BC. +,4 N lalqon S.d.) 

Tl (% N ar pldtins S.D. + %N larr on B.C. 

FigLres foLlored brthesnc l.nedsr \.R $gnific$rt) drfferenl\p o.osj 

Tubcr phophotus is consid.tori a nurririv. and qualibrive characttr, for *hrch 

allhoush srgnificant Bulis have bccn shown sltrrisrically bul dppaenrly dirTcrcnces 

anong 'nca' valu6 are much nanowcd, showing ffinor lanlrions. Anyhow T5 

(loLiar) rcnained al lop for lhis 6pccl, totlowcd by Tr(BC drptanring) md T: (SD ar 

pl t'ry). Other r€aln€nrs (Tr, Ti. Tr, To) lcnDinql in bdwecn wheres, Ta, Tr. Th 

and T' r dcupied the lsl posiiioN. So, aryumd r nE{te in pevious c6e crn rts bc 

.mployd ne.e fi{ t(@lrn6t! Ehowing bcnd vcgcr.rive grctr1h dd yietd potfllial 

rcl.incd lss phosrrhorus in tubc6 hsausc oa goqth ditolion tlcror 6a phGptDrus. 

so, il 6uld be obsw€d $d cxplaind lh.l sif,gl€ appticatun (bel), sidenKnrg 

and foliar applicalion ncthods pro

R.nhs dhrl D,arssion 

raced by 'h. plants duc lo whiclr yicld w$ rctltrcL{ $ul P rcrr io. ws inpovql rs 

.ompaisl to bdrdcGl nr€lho{. Thsc rcruhs !ru nr linc lo $mc cxl€nl *ilb orc 

findin$s of Kilmbi$ il Stnumwicz (l')gl{) rl snrgt lcrtiliar qfticnti.n 

rncMed ruber phosphorus contcnls. On lhc orhcr hnnd, liNsczynsli {200 t ) eponed 

lhat melhod of niiogen applicition had no significanl cilccl on phosphotus contenrj 

2,20 Tubcr pot{$lun conrcnr or drynrrtd btut(%): 

Data ror potasiun conlents wcrc collered, convcflcd lnd malysis oalariance rible 

(App. 40) ws coNlrucred to scr .ccunt. resrlG which iidicated signincflnl 

diferflces .mon8 t@ment m€an vllucs,6lbown i[ lable2.20. 

Trble2,20r efiecr of Inorgrnic nlrrogo rtnllc.tlotr tc(ftniqu6 on rlbcr 

t.$ium cont.trG on drv mrnrr b!\i 

T, tFullniroe€n Bc. alpl4uns) 

T: (Full nirroem S.D. rr pldnns) 

(Full niroeq B.C. lstdon) 

Tr (Full nilbgm S.D. ltleron) 

IFull nilogm 6 lolid applcarion) 

T,, ('4 N aLplantinSS.D. +,4 N hlffotrS.D.) 

T? (%NatpletinSB.C + h N lalcron BC) 

Ts rrtNarplsringa.C + 4Ncfohar.pphcar'on) 

T{ trrNalpldiingS D. + 4 N 6 fohar apphcalDn) 

Tm(T.Narplanlin8B.C + '4 N lar.ron S.D ) 

Tr (I/N I planrinBS.p +4NlrkronBC, 

Fitsuc lollotr cd by lhe same l€ucrrs, trcrc signrticrnltt drrercnr tp - O 0j) 

M@n valu6 showed superiority ofTr (folid) ovq orhq rcatmmts, followed by Tl 

(sD at prdring), rs (Bc + foliar) and T, (sD + toliat rhrcas, T,r (sD + Bc), rl 

(SD laEr oD) dd Tr0 (BC + SD) @cupicd th.last thr€e posinons ih dscendins order. 

Altnough, sieniicant difcrcncca halc bcen obsrvod slalislically bul vdiations are 

As for as comemcd polasiun contc s ol0rc tlbcn is nolrilivc aspccl, for which 

treatrnents wilh bend yicld pornli.l r.tained lcss tolrssiln conlflts in lube6 as 

@mpa€d Io l6s productive reannenB which rcl.irE! hishqpdcnrageofpotssiml 

wifiin the rube6. Il ncaN ti.t in ce of l€afficnls wirh bclrcr yicld potcnlial apptidt 

inputs or fcnilizd w@ urili2.d by rh. plsG lor rhen tuliag€ ed ruh€. govth dd

Retut ad Di'tu$ior 

ls vas tmsponed rowads tub€c du. ro 8rcwrh dilnrion lelor or nora*ium. So, for 

rhis r&ror of sludy folid .pplication poled bc 6 $an olhcr r*o melhods. Thee 

lwls rrc supponed k' ede cxtcnl by thc lindings ol Kalnbae and Syneowicz 

i1993) thar single fenilizq .pplica on incrs*d porasium conrcnk in lub.6. 

Whereas, Tr.wsczytuki (20,)l) rcponcd th.r trrclhod of fcnilizc' rpDlic ion had no 

sigdficant cfloct on potassium conrcnk of rubere, 

2.2r 'l\'hcrcrudcDrol.h..olcrr*on dry Dr fr bnris (ili ): 

obsdalioff for lhis frcror oa sLudy wcrc conpu(cd by nruniplynrS a thcror to 

.ilrcgd coDtenls pc(cn(asc ond {hjcclcd to Mllysk ot vdirncc lcchtriqucs (App. 

4liwhich eveal€d non-signilicant resulrs, forvhich lrcatmetrt mean vatues are tisted 

Tr (Fullnnbecn BC. alpldlns) 8.75 NS 

Ir (Full nirogen S.D..i pldrin!) 10.21 

L (Full ni'regd B.C.latcr6n) 

Ti (Full trilrecd S.D. hlaon) 8.02 

Ir (Full nirroefl d foli.r.pplication) 

T! ('4 N arplmrings D. + 4 N lar.r on S.D ) 

t..hniqtr.. on tub.r crudc 

As lhis dat! w6 dqiv€d from tuber nitog€n contenrs p€rcmtds€ so! sde tEnd and 

situalian $d obsrvcd horc ond m$N slDwcd 'nlrcf dircrrccs inrors thcmscrvcs 

M€mvalues rod€d almosl two Erorpsi filsl ohc by T:, Tr, TN and Tr and saond one 

by Ti, n, T., Tr, Tr0 ed Tr whcres, Tr r.msined in belw*n. Ovfrll, it could bc 

vhulizcd thal teamenc with lcss yicld rctaincd nDre prolcirr in lrberc wnerc planls 

n,Ch had,rre$ ud dd nol sho{ bencr glos r and o$clopnEd due ro wh'.lr 

nitroge. v6 occumul{.{t dd conv.tlcd 1o pblch in lube6 dd vic€ ve.sa similaly. 

il conld also b€ €xplain.d tnri folie applica on and b6al full do* of nll,ogen 

4.02 

Ir (%NJlplanring A.C + 2z N larson B.C) 8.02 

Tr (',4 N rr plrnling B.C. + ZN sfohrrapphcaron) t0 2l 

Io (Z NrrpldrinsS.D. + r) N as loh&rDDhcaDon) t0.ll 

Im (% N rr pl,ltintsB.C +%Nl con!D.) 8.02 

Tr (7, NIplanlineS D + r N larcrotr8C. 8.0,2 

Figu6 tolLotr ed by rl'e same lctr.(5r scre sisnrli

Rtuhs un Ditusnoi 

bcluv.d bdlcr in lhis Gg.rd a conpacd lo split applicalion and |wo oth.r m.{hods 

ol nndgetr applic ion (Bbrd.4t md sidc{6i4} The 6ult5 m ruppon d by 

lhc lirtji'rg.{ ol frnn$zrnski (2lnl) dul F* lcdilialion ill!Er*{ l$q nilogcn 

@nlcn[' as conDdrc lo btud$*l mcrhod. Simil|rly, TEw$2tnsri nnd Czariwicr 

(21100) qbnol d Tplic.lion ol uu to loliaac hal m ilrnucncc on clmicdl 

@npcniofl or rhc rub.6, which suppon our 6ultr indi@rly d mn-siSnificanl 

E5ull6 wilt mimr vdiations e bcinS pr.slnt€d in $e p@nt srudy. 

CONCLUSION: 

Thc followirrg @mlusiom h.v. ben md. fom lh. $ov. Mlion d .xpdim.nr 

, tlrlfdGc ol ||nmao a hmudc$l !l nlrnrnrs onr virl lrll nihscn ldcr on 

applioi thousn 3idenEing pFtcd bctlci 

> kla on sidc-dB.d wirt . full do* of nitDsEn and halt mounr nnreg€n ar 

pldtin! plus half dou l.l.r on .ppli.d s boadca5t md lidc-dBiig 

@nbindioN maincd i. bctv4i s @npdcd to tuu b&l dos (BC or SD). 

t OG.ll, btuadc.d n.tiod .pglicadon ar fi. rimc ol plerin! and lar4 d sidc- 

dGsing tehniquc prevcd bcr. 

t Foli& applicarion .lo|8 *irh bD.dc6t o. sidc{Bins could rct pcrlom wcll- 

t00

R.llhs drd Dissim 

EXPERIMENT Ir|TnFF|CACV OF N|TROCf,N OBTATNDD FROM 

vARrous souR(:r:s (M NURt; vs [],]R t,tzr,tR): 

R*uhs D€rlaining to Expcnm.n|.lll aa $rmm.rizod and di$used bcloq 

3.1 Nnmber ofdays r{k.! to rub.r.n.rg.trc.: 

Dah for dris l)lr.merf woro obtlincd nid n'bicorcd to skrtistl.r't nnrtlsis oa vrrilNc 

lechDiqoN (AN 42).vhich sl$wcd Nr-signinci$l ru$trs thf wtrtch trrcrn vrttrcs r 

cnlislcd r thd lollowirrgtablc 

Tabl.3.lr Efimt ordln rcnr combtn.rion, ot orgrnic 

f€riiliz.r on numhd oldals tNhcn lo tubcr g!!JrS!nls 

Dayr lo.n.rgcncc 

18.33 N S. 

T,(Full N trcnr UE B.C.) 13.50 

Tr (Fnll N ftolo Urc. S.D,) 

Tr (%N &om FYM + 4 N lbm UEa B.C ) 

18 00 

T.(ZN rdmryM+ zN rbnUEaS D) 18.l7 

L, (% N Fom FYM + 

'a N lpn Ura B.C ) 

n e/. N non FYM + Z N 6!m Uta S.D.l 18.50 

&(2N fbm FYM i Z N lDm UraB.C.) l8.Jl 

t3.00 

I.rzN fom rvM + % N fon UEaS D ) 

FiguB tollowcd by the ff.lctrc4s) wms'gnificanrtyditlftnr (p O.OJ) 

Man val!6 showed tnar Tr and T6 t@l naximln ( | 8.6?) days to merge $e uh€6. 

whcrcG, mnriNun ( 18.00) drls wcrc llkctr bt 'ti Nrt T!, Ahnosl rl lhc l@lrnEnls 

showed similtr @ultsvilh ninorvdiarions. h m€rs se{ rube6 of rh€ snc vdiely 

did not difer signi licMlly ud.r the sm. conditions, bccaGe sprcuringofthe rube6 

nomraUy depcnd upon hdlrh and porntial of rhe plantod seed tuh€s That is vhy 

result! Elated to lhis p.rmctq of sludy rnained lnaffecrd by nitrog€n appticalion 

arcm difaerent sonrces. Thcs. r..ults are in asrcemenr wirh th€ fitrdiDss of TEhd .r 

dr {1993) {lb reponed lhrr nimscn sourlcs did rol .n4r ltrbcr cmerscncc 

3.2 W€ekly em. rg.n c€ percctrt!8.: 

Obsrv.tions lor this apel w@collccrd arrltr o wekly inr€ryals (3"!5'i $ek) and 

mlrsed sepdately lhmu8i &alysis oa v.ridc. ldhniqu6 (App. 43-45). which arc 

no* di$lss€d wcek-wisc. 

l0l

Rtults and Dis.ussion 

Inromalions €lrr€d ro llr wek indic.r.d sisnificdr Butrs tor hah.nts, showins 

$petonty oa Tr (10.48%). tollo*.it by Tr (29.2870), T1 (28.1t%) and T! (2?.62%) in 

d*ading o'dr. wheEas, Ti (2\.9tyo). tl et.67%.) ,nd -tt (20.24%) ccupicd lhc 

lGl lhrR posilions. So, rcsutrs rcvcdlcd t[!r brcldcNt nl.rhod stDw.d b€rltr cutrs 

lhan sid€ dressrng. Sinjlarly, % FyM + % fenitizc! combin ion rcmanred bcld. 

rollowed by yj FYM + % aenitizcr whercls, Z FyM + Za renitizcr or FyM atone 

Dala for 4'i w€k showed sisnifica ;suli! for lr! rncib lnd ,ca^, Atmost same 

prolious scqrcncc was ioltowcd by rhc nulnlc nMn latues, jtrdiclling supremacy 

ofTj (52.38%) Next positions wcn occtrpied by Tr (5O.OO%). T. (48.33%) bd rr 

{46 tl%). Tr (4r.9r%) rcmaincd in rtrc hiddt., fo|owcd by Tr (41.4sya),I6e9.s2%) 

and Tr (3t.05%) in dBcodins oidcr wlrcrcas. T, (3s.33%) w:* r.rnrt lo bc ir ltrc 

bononr. So. bmadcal mdhod rlong with ', FyM + Z acrlilizr cnlaiftd bGr lhatr all 

orhq conbinarions. wbcrc.!" m€atr valu.s fo, both fte ra6 aE tislcd belov. 

Oh*dations concfrdi vnh jri w@k oms .8.in dcpictqt si$ificant culrs tor 

realrnals and ycm. M€d vatus for horh rhc ras are Eivcn bclow. 

On lh€ olh€r hmd ntu valu6 revel€d rhd Tr (t2.86%) srood t!' 6 usul, TN 

(40 7l'ol En'drned s*ond \her.as. rhtrd rnd founh poruons qere sccuFJ bJ I 

(89.52%) and T, (87.15%), rcspecrivcly. Simil.rty, T: (85.95%) reraine

e 

B 

,i 

Ftg5: 

coDbltr.tlo$ ot orgirlc rnd 

.D. rgclc. P.rc.n t.g. .h rirg 

l0l

R.ill/s ad.l Dttesston 

jun rpouLd. which .onol o(sc ed di.. A! for d conccnEd $€ colr. tor 

difidrrl inlcd.ls, lh.y @61.d lhal +ouriig 

% incE8.d g!d!.lly in all ft. cM 

indic.ting lhal 14 FYM + l/! Lniliar (BC) rd ,/. FYM + % Lnilizrr (BC).xc.llcd 

sidc-dGs.d rMl,n.nt5 wirh sidilar @hbinrtios exl ba.l d(,g Whc@. 

lrqh.nrt walh % FYM dd FYM only show.d p@r tsll. coml!.Eliv.ly. In mans 

in c.& oaboa&-l mcthod lcnilircr mi8fit bc mixcl rhotuuoly hrving no ncg{riv. 

i'npel s .otrrprrc! ro ridc{leing itr which crs rulr6 nrighr hc !fi€lL{ 

ncS.rivcly, Wh.@, in ..* of lA FYM + y, fqrilizd combination, nirreea nithr bc 

rvail.blc h ptlpcr mounts to lh. cop s comp.Fd lo orh.r combinali@! qEially. 

lMl66Ls wilh hsv, .mqt of m.nurc, So, ir @uld bc .xplaincd ftal h.ll nihg.n 

tupply fFn lcnilia ed half fom drnurc, .rpli.d rholsh bmldc.sr ndhod poql 

3.! Tohl.n.r8.!@p.N.r.!.: 

Dala rcl.le

B.trtus aul Dission 

w@ o€up'€d by T: dd Tr in which bul dc6 w€F apptied s bFadcsr &d side 

drNing GpEtiv€ly. Whercri lar rh@ posilions wcE oblair€d by lhe uefi€nls 

(Tc Tr. T') in vhich h.avy dG6 of mrnurc wcrc JPplicd. ovcolt, 6ulls 

dcft,nsualcd snprcm,cy ol b.o lc|3l Dcthod ovcr sidLdNsins and t:l ratio oa 

n.n!€ md fenilizer lo supply nitrc8.n povcd to bc bsst combiia(on N compaEd b 

othcK As. 5'' week d.ll was r.kcn !s rolnt cor$gcicc Frcctrrnsc So. gunrcnls 

made in previous cae oay d$ bc .mplorld hsc Th€s€ rcsrlr6 arc nr line qi$ rhc 

findinrs ol Ataub d/ d/. (2001) who rcportctt ttu marinnm lrbn cnergencc 

pcrccnl,ge was oblaincd i[ csc of coDbin ior of n[n!N, tcl1itizs and EMr 

Simil.rtx Ayyub €r al. 0997) al$ rcpon d that nirosd opplic.rion fon various 

sources sboved overlrpping rsulls aor tubcf chergerce p€rcenlase. 

3.4 wckly foliry€ .d tub.t *.iiut pt.nf, (g): 

1.4.1 wakly foli.g. w.lgtt pl.nt r (g): 

Dak 6rrhis panmctc. wcrc coltcclcd wcckly aor rcn n cturts {?,t,16,i vel) 

&d subjded ro maltsis of vsi@. iahniquG s.p@tely for @h in(€Ral (App 4c 

55). Lats on m@ valu6 vft 'mgcd lo conslruct labtc 1.4.I _ Rgulls ohained tor 

tn* inh,lls m now sunnarizcd aod di$usscd bclow &cordingly. 

TrbL 3.4,l : Efi..r oa difi.rdr ombtn.ttoN oa org.nk .od im.g.!i. trirreg.n 

r.rrili..r otr wckty toth. Eilht Dt.of' (!l 

T.' 

- ! 

rbe sflE lcrlc{s) wcrc lietriucanrly dilrcrcnr 

t05

AdnE odd Diwsion 

Oh6salions Ehlcd to 7'r wck aeLd 5ignilicor 6ulls for t@lncnr..nd ,66. 

Tr (l133 d ousLd othq r@rncntx followed by Tr ( 108.7 s) ehc.car Tr (105,7 g) 

ud T,, ( | 04.0 0 @upicd dF Mt posirioN in d*cndins ordcr rcnDining at par sith 

oie lnofi.r. T? ( | 0 | -3 s) Fm.in.d in lhc niddl., ndl lo it wd T. (9?.08 g), whilc T,, 

{r,1.75 s) d l; (,rl.8l !) sl@l dr |Er with orc rio Er dil obrdNd tlE rlinl hsr il 

s@nd l.d p6ition5, dperiEly slEB, T' (84.25 g) mdn d !r rh. hons. On 

llE othq hrnd n@ v!h6 lor t@u .E silcn bclow, 

D!|| for 6ri wcck, neaN indiqtcd ligniticanr Gulr5 ror rrcatnrqts, 3howinS 

doniiec olTr (% FYM + /: a€rtilier 8C) wiln 13E.6I aolirgc phnfr. fouNql by 

T.. Tr dd T' io whicb cs 135,1. l3l.0.rd 127.8 g loli.gc *cisht pldlr ws 

obe^ld in de.nding oidq. T: {125.00 s) a usuel !!mii.d in rh. middl., Tr ad 

Td Emin.d ndr b n whca, l.{ te po!iri@. w.E @!pi.d hy Tr.nd Tr with 

l2l.3.nd !O?.5 a loli$. wcighl pl.na'. spe(vdy. 

InfoMtiom @Uccicd fd 9a @l .5 wd showcd lignifi.er dilf€Enc6 dong 

rBlnot n@s. n sr@d l' by pnducinA 208.9 g folicg. w.i8hl pldr'', s@nd. 

lhird dd follnh pGilions *crc oblrinoi by Tr, Tj lnd T!, vl ch poduwl 204-t. 

199.? .nd 196.3 s foliaS. wcighl plear, Gpcctiv.ly. N.xr pGirions *.€ sdudj by 

T: (192.7 d, Tr (190.9 g), T6 (1E5.9 d and n (l?9.8 g) h de.ndins oda whc@, 

Tr @d&d al thc bolloD with ninifrln aoli.ac w€iglll of 166.I Aplana'. 

D.r. p.rraining b lf s!€l for fiB p.dd.r indicarcd siSnilicdr Gulrs lor 

ItqlngB .nd y!c, lhowinS lhai |l u5!rl T. 6.ined .r th. rop with ddimun 

aolh8. w.ight of 243.4 I phar. NGxt pocnioc w* @upicd by Tr (238,2 $, Tr 

(234.0 d, Tt 1232.7 Al, T21229.5 Ar.Tl122E.3 a\,T6 Q26.2 s) Md T' (223.0 e) in 

dedding o'dr. whcnrn Tr prduccd mininun (205.9 s) toliagc wcidt pldar at 

lhi5 inlcry.l- On 0E othd h.d nM valu6 for y66 @ lisr.d below. 

' 

99.24 b 

- lol.4l a 

- 226.89b 

= 231.15 a 

Obge.Iions dl.t.d ro I lri wek one .gain 3lF*!d sigificanr culrs br rEtrn.nr!. 

and y6. MM vEloa d.NGrFtcd supM&y of T. (129.5 8) ovcr Br ol $c 

l06

R*utts .nd Dke$ion 

lrci(Nrts. followcd by T$ (325.1 g) {d'l( (117.2 g). Ncrl lx)siliors wcrc obluiicrl 

by Ti (lll.3 s), T: (28?.0 8) and T3 (275.1 g) qhers, 16l lIG Fsitions ucrc 

mntc.l by Ti, (263.3 g). T' {261 I g) and Tr (2a4I s) dscndn,g ordd. Mcatr 

vnlr.s for yca* are show. h.low 

Irnbnnrriotrs col|rrsl irr rcl.riotr ro l2'r'*cck rs trsnrl rcvc'lul si$nificrnr Kula |nl 

ye$ nd lrmlmenc- Mcd valu6 cl6ly indicatcd sulsiority of n wnh nuimun 

{370.4 g) loihge weisir plet r. Nexr scrc Ts, T5 and T!. showing 140.6, lll.:l and 

310.7 g foliagc wcigbt pldr'r, cperivcly T) (309.3 g) N6 tourd to b! il thc 

friddle,lollow€d by Tr, T( ed Tr vnh 306.3, 292.1 md 236.18 foliase v€ighl planf 

in d*cnding ord.r wh.r6, Tr (265.4 g) Nc folid to bc at rhe bouom. Man vatu6 

fot bolh lh€ yeE ar€ Bivcn below. 

= 288.00b 

= 3t212b 

= ll7.l0 a 

D.t| for ll't v€elq ndns deticte{i siSniiicani culs for lrcatncnk and }q6. Tr 

{lsi) t g) drir'c\i ns l" psilior wirl srond Jnd lhird tailiors €cupiol by-t; 

{167.1 s) and rr (35e.5 s). 

Ncxr rhEe pGidons wm obraincd b, r, (155.8 g), Tl 

(343 ? g) ahd Tr {339.5 0 in de$ending oder. whilc. lsr lhNc posilion! worc 

omup'ed by T6 (329.0 s), T) (119.2 s) and Tr {296.8 e). or rhc oths hsd ncan 

ralu.s lor ycd ec liskd bclow. 

= 348.28a 

Ddra ir1 rcl,rion to l4'r'wek onc€ rsain snowed signific.nl rcsutt. tor rarnrcnc rtrd 

r€aB. T@tm€nt me vdu$ aollovcd prcvious a€nd. showins a sequena oa Tr 

(,128.9 g, Tr (l3l I g). Tr (382.3 g). T! (180.3 g), Tr (363.3 8), Tr (l6t I g). T6 (3Jr.3 

g), T? (157.5 d and Tr (310.8 s) in d*codinS ordd. whe6d. mcaD valu€s for yca6 

.rc shown below for conparien. 

= l75.ll a 

|11

Resubs an.l Divussiot 

ObscRrlioDs in conn*tion !o l5'r wcck rcvcalod sisDificant difieEnces anrorg 

trqtmc n.dD vahes althousi foliaSeweisht planr'r was dcclined atthis inreeat. Tr 

oust d olhcr lrqrm€nls sith 106.0I hliagc wcighr ptantr, aotloved by Ts. Tr and fr 

which podlccd291.9,239.0md278.1 I folilgc weighr plelr. respectilely, As usuul 

T: (271.3 s) tm.ined in ln€ middle, aollowd by Tr and T6 Nith 270.6 &d 264.8 s 

lorirgc wcishr di : vhcl6. T? (251.2 g) and T, (227.e gl rhincri rhcn wond lr( 

and lat pcitioro in d6c6dins order. 

lnfomEtions ror l6ri wek de9icrcd sisnificort tlir.rcncLs tor rrcnrnrnb lnd yqc 

ind'c.tins tunncr d4lin€d qu&try of foliae. at $h inknal. Rsulrs indic ed ctear 

cul dominance ofTa (209.2 g) ov€r !€sl ofrn. $oaments wirn nexl posirions oc.ltiql 

by TN (190.8 d, TJ (183.1 d and T, (174.2 g) in descendins order. Middl. positioi 

las 1€tamed by T, (168.2 s), lbllowed by Tr (159 4 s). n (154.0 s) aid Tr (144.7 8) 

rh6cas, lsl position w6 ccnpied by T (127.2 g). On rhe orher hand nan latucs 

= t66.02b 

So. drt! lor w€ekly foliagc weighl planf' showed a gradul incMe in toliag. wcighr 

tor {ll ftc lMlments dd at aU rlE inlePats upto t4rr' *etq bccau* aneBdds fotiagc 

wcight wd gradual d{ea*d for the t6r lwo wcets (15'\161h wcct), Broadc.sl 

mclhod r.mained benq thd sidc dE$in8 at ntl the inlcfrals reveat,ng rhar sidcdN$ilgnrilhl 

h lasrrcssltoh Dhtrrsqhic[ ut(itr{lclydnc.(e.] Dt t tsmwrh As tif 

6 conccmed veous conbioations, I I rario of nanurc rd tenlizer sbowed bcst 

rcnrlls, qhere nitrogm night be available ro ptanrs in batanced quanlity. tolowed by 

7i FY[4 + % fenilizd @nbinatioN (BC o! SD) ad futl b&l dos6 of tertilizd (BC 

or SD) {hcrcrs,lElmcnls wirh hcovy d6$ ofnhtrurc gol rhc tNr lbsniotr So.onc 

@uld argue thal h€vy bel do* ol fenitiar frishr lEd dmaScd rhe !ube6 or w$rol 

till lhc lalcr srag6 ofth€ plet. Sioildly, pl.ms srppt,€d vilh hqvy dGof nanurc 

hrd alcql nutritiodal srEs al i'iiliat stagc duc ro slow Rtcanrg nalurc ol 

'nish ttr 

ndurc. So, pldG gone under slrcs onc.. could nor 6oyer inmcdiatcly and 

lcrnr cd ruru op aft.r t€almenrs with ritrogcn suppti.d fronr urcr fcnitizq ltbc 

t08

e 

f a 

! 

a 

3 

FiE6l 

Elr6r ot difi.rclr coDbi!.riorr 

fenilz.r on wdkly foli.g. a€ighl 

ol o.tdi. dd i!org.!k !iro€€! 

Dlr ' dr.tus ln. ye.r l & ll. 

t09

Rauhs dntl Dis.Lssiu 

rcsulh dE padially strppon€d by rhc findings of Wndd€ .r dt. (t999) who ctaihsd 

lh nilro8cn lrcnr urca pmdtrcqth[x]mm Dhrl grbwlh whctr il)|lticd irsltirdoscs 

3,4.2 wsckty ruber retgtr pllnfr (g): 

I'nbntr ions lor $is Nr Drq *cro.o cctcd tor t0 inrcrvrts wekty f,om ?(-t(,r 

*ck. Daln wcrc aatysot $prEtcty tor qcl inlcR,t by ntrsis ot vnridrc. 

l4hn'qu4 tAnp. rr4J) dd lho r@|mc d4r htu6 *.F mnScd io fonn lahl. 

1,4.2. R6ults obtain€d for rhe ld iilflat, arc tuw sunndiz€d dd di$u$sl 

T!b|.1.4,2: ElT6-r ordill.r.nt conbtn{ioM oa orqrric rd inorgrnic ni.rog.h 

r.rdu.r or w4t|y.!b.rv.t8ht pt.nr.r (s) 

T. 

'he 

sme krkdr) rcrc lisrxlidtd,irffe.r F-:not;;;; 

Obscryalions lelalcd lo 71'weet rcvalcd significdr esutls for lr€atftenrs. Tr (16.61 

g) oosled othcr leallndas wih ndinun ruh.r {ci8ht plmai. fo owed by T* ( I j.l2 

g), T1 (13.07 g) ed Te (9.88 g) in dsqding ord.r. T, (9.2? g) Main d in lhc 

diddlq ndr pcitioN vsc @upicd by Tr (8.t0 g), n (7.67 s) ,ld T, (6.17 B) 

*h@a. Tr (6.10 8) ws found to b. at rh. borron. 

Data pcrlainins ro 8d Neek indic.r.d si8niticst r€rulls for ,€!6 and rqtm€nc. M.an 

lalus followed lh€ previou lrend ud lhowcd domindce ofTa 1S3.82 g). WhercN,

R.\uhs dol Dit^ion 

-lr trd loun Io bc d fie hst pcnioi \y'rh nrnntr'n (15.J7 9 \eirhr or'tl'he'\ 

plJfl . whilc. nN t.lucs ro.rc!6rrcgi\cnbckN 

In oN. of 9' wcck oNc x$in sisnificMt o$rlls aor ycr6 rnd 

obscwcd which dcnronslraled 6 usual srDrcnlac! of Tr (125.6 g). Mirldlc posilion 

wrs rcldirt\l hr Tr (78.:10 sl, shcE$ T, (lls7 sl s.cr.d llrc l$t Dositnnr. (h ttr 

DIhc' h dftc vrhrcs lir)€4lrc shosn bclou 

Dd(! onccnrcJ with lo'r' qeek depictcd significntrr rcsrhs |nr hrD.nts and tcirs. 

M$ r valL$ doptcd lhe prcvious seqtrencc shosing superloriry ofTr (t56,90 r) olcr 

rlslo le ll'|Lrctrts. T, (104.t0 g) oLrhircd ttE trliddlc posilion \vhcrcrs, T. (70.2{) 

g) rnrl | ((,lr6ir s)ccuricn llrc sNond lNt,rrl t8l NsirnnN As til N corccrN(l 

yeia, orcan \rluDs loi rhes de lislcd bcto\: 

lna.rnNiotrs '!lilL\l lo I t'r' r'd\ to. rhis pffnnrrlr. ic\.rtL\l on(a r$ril sigtr,fi( l 

rcsuhs lor ycirs nnd rreatmcnrs lhrch indic.rcd th Tr rcmdtn.d rr rtr. rop, Tr in orc 

n Jdlu rtrd l wns tbtrnd (o b. rl lhc borb wilti :lCr.t l0. lS5 io nrd t5r.70 A r0bs 

werghlpluDf. rssp*tlvely. Wheresinrcdn vatues tor boltr rhc ycrs tu! shown bdo$ 

Yqf ll 25il.t1o! 

Dah tbr l2Lr'\c* indicarcd G r6ul siSnificanl osrtls tor ycm a|ld rtuax.cnls. Mcnn 

!al".s dmonskdtcd orc€ again s$.emry olTr \ hjc! oust.n orh$ rcnrDcnls \nn 

:l9l.9rrgtuhcrweighrtldrMid{ttcpositionwssr.llirrlathylj(r]|.lOg)whcrcrs. 

Tr (?:940 g) sN lound to bc rt thc lisr nosiliof Modtr vrlucs tor yci6 rrc sivcn 

322.74 

t

R6nLs dnd Dhdssion 

Obscndliu irr Nlarion lo ll'r'wcck stbwcd sisnilicrtrl rcsuls tbr lrcftncnrs rtrl 

yeds As usual T! (,115.20 g) sl@d t'', n (339.20 g) reiained its middle positior 

qhcos,list DositioD q.s obtaiicd by tr (264.10s). As tur s concumcd ycmi orrr 

v.lu6 lor th6e ..€ givo hclo!: 

lhli Fnrn'n,s &r l4rr' *.1* dtr.. rg: nkli.nt sistriti.rnr r$trls hn kdtrncntsdrl 

ycs. Mean valu€s r€v€aled cl* on doninan e of Tr (454.7 s) ovs alt orh.r 

trcdnflls *h€r€6, T' (237.4 g) wd foMd lo be the lasr posnion. On rlD othcr 

h&d ffqn vrLues aor yem a€ lisred b.low, 

= 34r.88 b 

= 190,91 

Data for l5'i w€et, *pBed s usul signincant Hulls for yem rd lreaincol!, 

Datr sho*ed lhat a1ois intwal iicee in tubq weiehl N6 very n€Sligible Art 

ho\. snr Drcvious lr€nd vs conlnrucd i.c lr suDcrccdol olh$ trcaloenll wilh 

n',xNun {459.00 g) lubtr wei8hl tlafr aid Tr (291.80 g) sls tound lo b. al thc 

lDllonr. Sinilarlr, picluutoul tbrh rlE yca6 witt bc ctor trc,n E fo owing nuo 

Dau in relaion to l6ri week d€pi.ted signiticanr resutG for 

(hB ilt€B.l increae in nrber wcighl wN .lmosr '€ 

celscd and fistrrcs for this nncBrl 

arejusl eplay oflhe previous inlwal which indicsred rhat Tr (460.60 g) ietained ils 

l" positloh iJdlc posilion wd obtuitrcd by't (402.(x) g) rtrrl t (2rr.00 g) as $url 

rchrincd d thc l6t posilion Snnihrly. nrcrtr vrkEs for yQ$ llDosl rcpcnrc! rtN 

{oryofpEliols inrwal, which dc Biven b.lo!. 

= 389.13 b 

= l9t.54r 

Olxdarions r€lat€d lo diller intcdats rvoted $at lubs Smwlh pt&ar sr.du.try 

inc@cd ir ce oaall lhc tre.tnc.t3 upto t4"'w.ct, aneNards inc6c wd minor 

and ncgligible lor the last two *cets. M.M values lolloeed rhe simitar tbd aor rtl 

|2

! 

I 

! 

i 

E 

; 

I 

combilrlio!. of orgrdc md 

rub.r s.lglt pl.nf' during rt. 

lll

R6!hs ud Difuttltu 

thci e s irrdicating clcdrly lhat broadcst Dedod hrving l:l nrlioofDduornn 

lenilizcr fc oaned bcltcr, which night bc duc to beter a rinclt availibilily ol' 

nnogctr hlling no h,nnall efaed Ano (hi5 sidc dresdl lcrlilizcr along with cqurl 

dos of mlnure showql posilivc Eronsc *lich n1trs that lhis brl ced do$ nright 

hivc cncorhs.d tubcr growth d nll rhe irrcwrls witn leasl @ovcnble sl.ess.auscd 

by sidc"drcssirrs Nett nosnion w6 obhnred by 25% nxnuo + ?5% rcnilizcr lpflrcd 

thrcugh broadcdt and oidc.dBring tehniqu.s. respeclively. Thar ffighr bc dur lo lhe 

prnirl los{Lsor75% Jflrli.d rcdili^r. S$ord Inrr |!Nnn Nr* 'lhnLrlby full I'nsrl 

dNe ol aediliz€r (BC or SD) which mighr havc hfien wd h$c6 plus $m€ los$s 

n,ighrb! rlrctu Nco pircd (onhovc tr,crtioic( lonlb,n iors Whcrcns. only FYM or 

75% nrunurc wilh 25% lcrlilizf showed poor rlstrlts, ns r.quird rirogen tuishl nol 

bc Narlable linely ind ftcorditrs b dcmands ollhc cmD. So. il corld bc cxthnnl 

d'ar half nntogen fon us fcnilizd alorg wilh equl dos suptliql rlrcugh raNrc 

and applicd .s boadcet m.thod redained bener for thn veg€t ivc6pctofth€cDp 

as cohparod to sid€-drqsin8 Md diifero odrer cornbinulioDs ol manurc {nd 

fen'|lq. 1h6c rBults arc suptoned lo enrc cxrol by cathutrgu .r tr/. (20YJ) who 

Eporlcrl lhd arly nnosen applicarion folloeed by spln lcnili/lr @plication ld to 

ran gowth oftubeB, wh.E CAN or ASN w6 applied. Whercls, presnr studics 

tolal quanlilt ofnitogei (ndnurcor lertilizcf) was applidl!l thc rimc ofplanrirrg. 

3.5 Nnnbd ofr.rirl sl.ns pl,rtr: 

Analysis ordala (App. 66) for rhis paEm€tcr rcvqlcd signifi cd qxlls lor y.m dd 

lr€ihcnrs which a.c lislcd bclo* (Tablc 3,t) 

1-.01e3,5! Effed of dilfcrent conbirtatlon! ororglnlc.nd inorganic nirrogcr 

f.rrilitr oa number of.€rirl sl 

N".b"..4t.'"'"'".! p'rnrl 

t.0l 

Tr (Full N fbh Ue a.C ) l 

T. (Iull N rrcn, URa S.D ) 

l 

Tt t;N iiop FYM +14 N lom Urea B.C.L 

T5 (',N frcnr F1 M + : N rom Urea S.D ) 3 7l 

T! (,. N frcnr F\ M + z N from Urea B.C ) 

Tr (raN ftorn FYM + , N fbm Ur€s D. I21t 

TN (%N from FYM +% N fbd Urs A.C.l J8lh 

T, (7a N frch F\14 + % N frcm Ur€a S D.) 

Frgu!6 followed by $e srde lcft€(s) wqe signilicaitlydifftrcnr (P = 0.05) 

lt4

1.52 b 

Mcm values indi€atcd lhar mdinum (4.11) srcms w.E counred in ce olTj 17: 

FYM + L fenilirer BC), aollo*cd by Tt (3.83), Ti (1.71) and To (1.67). Olhs 

trcalndls rcm.incd in b€rvs ehe@. min'mun numbo oa sldns plan.r (1.03) 

wcrcobseRed i. ceoaTr (FYM). 

As wo kmw thal slm. rlppon b@chca dd lcavs above gmund and tulms m 

pDduced by und€rercund parl ofrhc $€m which ulrinaiely pbdNe tub6. So, morc 

srcms. norc will be lhe tubc6 plantr. ln rlis casc rrcarNcnl Nilh l:l mrio ofnanur! 

lnd lcnilizcr lpplidl lhrough brcadc$t nrclhod fovcd 

lo bc bclter th ntishlbedro 

prcpcr miri|lg ol$e feililier. ils €fficicDt Bc ard aloilabilily olnitogen in proper 

quantity. ln c6e of full b6al dos6. nilog.n misht bc wctcd or sidciiesing nighl 

hrvc hurled ro sed rnbcB, causin! sk€s lpon pldrs. Similarly. i. c6e ofh€avily 

h*ured trc.lnents innially pldl nighl had f&cd nuairional slrc$ due lo slo$ 

rclcGing bchaviour ol tlE ndu.e Th6c 6!lls nE lunher supFn€d by thc findinrs 

ot AW!6 et al. (1997) dd O98) eho conclud€d thal codbimtion or orga.ic 

arcdoo s p@dud€d odinlm numbcr ot stcn$ pl$fr. Aryub c, da (2001) rl$ 

rcpon.d $ar combinarion of orEanic and inorgoic acnilizeE prlduced maximud 

1,6 Numbcr ol l€av€s pl.rf_r: 

NuNbc! 6flcrvcs wcrc countql. lvcragcs wcr! conrFrlcrl d (l!tr wsc subjslqllo 

sr.rislical ralysis techniqnes (App. 67) {hich shoqed signiiicanl direEncq anong 

lr0rlncnl Nm vrlucs, whi0h i$cldI liur l|t ii,llowitrs Lrblc. 

Ttrble3.6: Eltect ol difierenl coDblnrllonr otorgNic and inorgsnic nilrcgen 

N.-b.. .r r"--;d- 

T.t% N fron FYM +'4 N liom UR B C ) 

T,{%N iiom ryM +ZN ftomURS.D.l 

1, (l N ftonr FYM +'a N l@ Urca A C ) 

'li (, N lnnr FYM + /.N fron Utu S D.) 

l;(ra N frcm I YM +,a N nm' Uo ll ( ) 

r, (r. N ftom FYM +r. N frcm Ucr S.D ) 

Fisu$ lollowed by the sde l€tle(s) ecr. li8nilicdnlly dircrcnt (P = 0.05) 

I t5

Rdttus .nd Dit@$ior 

Abovc ransc chr indicarcd rhlr'r'r (% FYM + % fenilia aC) produccd n.rnnunr 

ldNcs, follo*cd b, Tx (L/. FYM + z lenilizerBC),T. (r, FYM + % rcnilizct rd T,, 

(7. FYM + , fcnilid SD) whcM, n (% FYM + z fcnilircr BC). r) (7. FYM + z 

tonilizr SD) and Tr (FYM) showen b$ numbr oa lcav6 being prcducol in 

As, leavs arc l@d mmuftcluring orgo of thc planl. $, morc lqvs, morc will be thc 

yicld. h isevidcnr fonr rb. dull rhar tnLDctr$ *nh otulnnDurc rtrd 25:75 ario or 

nrnur€ ed fcnilizd applied by brcadc,sl mdhod behavcd b.rte! 6 nillogcn dishr bc 

avrilable ir1 opnftun dose hrling no hMrful effec( foilowed by sidedrcsscd 

l@l'nenls w(h cqual dc6..d 25:75 rarioof,.anurcand lcnilizcr ln lhisc* side 

dBsi.g al early stagc mieht had bad eff{t upon seed tub.B. whders. only manure 

aM rreameiK with 75:25 ntio ol maNrc dnd |errilircr sho{od p@r icsutrs because 

in this cac nitbgq migbr lol be availabl€ innn€diarely nr requitud lmounr. Otr lhc 

olher hmd. ir conld al$ bc orlued lhal moE heigh oathc nlanls or morc numbtr oi 

ltqnsplaDf . ultinalelyprodrccd noE lelvcsplanr conrt.r.iivoly. Tlcsc lesulls ire 

,lrdEr stBrtthcned by Alyb er al. (2001 ) Nho reponed $!r conbn:rdon of orsanic 

nnd inorgr.ic nilog.n pbdoccd meinun innbcr of lcnvLs 0tnd I 

3,? H.isht ofth€ phnt (cn): 

Analysis ofdota (App.68) rl,lst lo plant depicled signiljcanl resulb tbr t@rnrqts 

which T€ shown below in ulle 3.7. 

'r.bk3.7: l:llet ofdifer.nr .onbi!.rionr oto.s.ric lnd n'orgrrtc rirrogen 

ilr94r9!L__ 

1, ('ullNrlnD lr\rM) _ 

Tr {FuU N riln UB B.C.) 

'f' (Full N fron UEa S.D I 

'rr( 9]14 

i N frod FYM +'. N lrcn Urq BC.) 

T,(/: N rrch FY\4 +r,N ilon Urqs.D.) 

Ti (Z N ftom FYM + % N ftum U@ B.C.) 

Tr(\L N lbnr FYM +,. N fmm Ura S D ) 

47'10 b 

;l\(!L!o- FYIII 'I,(/.N !I!o!!re!3! t 

frcNI !M+'.N ftonUreaS D) 50 

FiEu6 followcd by the sme lene(s) were sisDificanttydifftrmt (p = o.O5)

Plrnl hcighl isan inFna paBmet€r rojudSc rhc veg€talivc groMh ind heahh oarhc 

plrnrsi plolsrilh b€tl€r h€igll mayhavemorc foliaseand ultimalelynore yi€ld. For 

bcllur grcMh. balaN€d nulritiotr is needed pbpq tinr. Thd is why this cN Tr 

(% l;YM +,1lcrlilircr BC) nrcducql lallst pl0n$ d conr|)!.dlro othfcon$in.tions. 

bccruse ih lhis ca6€ oitroeen ffight be alailable dd ulilized by the p|frs i. ptuper 

$otrnts- wh€r*, T, (rull fcnilizcrBc)ahd Tr {rutl renitiar SD).cmsincd llmost ir1 

bclwm, 6 in this w eirhd tull bsl dor mighr had damrged $c e.d rubds ar 

crrlyshsDordrc lo loss ir udy rot bciv.ilnlttcdl ldl.r 3lngcs. Snnitrty, T, (FyM) 

of otxer trqtmcDk qnh l6s fcniliza(BC or SD) and moE quarnjryofmdurcdid Dot 

pe.rom popgl, a in this ce nirmsm niShl not h€ avait$te in pbpcr quanfiy or 

al rcquiEl srrgcs oflh€ Brewlh, Thcp culr! arc suppone.l lo sone dtenr by perg.o 

ad Avila (1999) who repoflcd lbat nilrogcn tDn alt rhc sources prc

SD) rnd'fr (FYM) pbduced mininnrnl 1ubc6 Plmar, 

Result\ aslt Dit&tsiot 

while dll olher rcdtn.trls 

lrr lhis egard il could be visualircd lhat bEadcsl n€thod along wi$ baldrcc! 

{noonls ol trrNre ed a€njlizer bchavoi b.llor, followed by sidedGed lrcltmcnls 

shcr.di ltortnd|c wnh hqvy nunurirg showql lsr Eulls. So.,tguNcnls NJdo ur 

prcviols qs nray rl$ b. cnrplotqj hcrc. Sntibrly. n coxld als h. etslcd lhll 

lMrments having moe slms podued sote tub.c plmlr and vice v':rsa. which is 

quite naoal and 6y lo undeBland, Th6. eutls m supporlcd by AyFb "t d/ 

(19')3). (lD7) rnd (1993) who rqDndl lhil cotr,hiMrnnl oftrrinurc wirh EMr or 

lenilizrpmduced naximum nuDblr ot lublB plmlI. 

3,9 Ttrb..weight plrrtr (e): 

Dtrl:lcoll61cd aor weckly rob.r wcigh( phtrf nl1$l irr9vrl(161"*cc[)qas t of!s 

lubc weiSll plantr aDd subjsted lo analrsis ofvd cc lshniqucs i^pp.6t) whion 

deicrcd sigDi ficanl r6ults lo. yea6 dd r@lnEnls which are given bclo*: 

T.bl.l.9r Elted of difi.rdt conbln.tlonr of o.g..ic and inorgdi. dtrcc.tr 

T[b.rrciqhtpl.trl (A) 

291.00 i 

Tr (Full N lom uEB.c.) 

Tr (FullN ron uEa s.D.) 39410 | 

Ta(r1N iiom FYM + t, N lom Urca B.C.) 

T1(r) N liod FYM +'4 N frcm UrcaS.D.) 

Tr(% N frod FYM +,. N trcm Ure.8.C.) 130.50g 

Tr (tN fom FYM + . N trcm UreaS.D) lJ9.30h 

Trt'zN lrcm FYM + t N rrcmUrcaB.C) 

T!(r. N lrcnr FYM +'. N fnn UH S D.) 4t0.80d 

FiruB lollo!€d by d€ sme letre{t *crc si$ilicanrly dira€r€nr (P = 0.05) 

= 389.13 b 

= 3t5.54. 

Above lnurtion clwty indiot€d ihar n (% FYM + % ldlilia BC) cnain€d bcti 

con$inarion and t@hniqu€, fotlou.d by Tr (7. FYM + y. fenibzr BC) Which nans 

rhd r.qoi€d nilrospn mish be availablc teadily fon lhis con$ination, plus boadcdsr 

nrcrhod poved beuer the side-dBsing. Similarly, t dnents wilh 25i75% tr8tru.c 

and f.nilizer remained betrd s conpar.d to fulldosc oaferlilizs (BC or SD) atrd 

1t8

trralrncniswthmorcqualilyol-nraiuic+146lenilizcroronly'nuurc.lnrhosccrsos 

ciircr neSatilc imp&tofbasl dosc miShl bothocornilrcsen may not be availablc rn 

PoP$ mouri. wben needed. 

As rLrbd weight plMlr is a bsic oil$ion lo ossss thc yield polcrtial ormy cop. So, 

iorc ubs Ncight pl&l ', noE can be the yield acrc'L or hdare ', tor vhich nilrgctr 

+pli.d 

lhreugh bDadc4r fr€tnod dd suppli€d fot ndure dd aenilia in eqlal 

hlio (l:l) pov€d to be be[er 6 codparcd lo oth€r combinarions Ths rdulls rrc 

panillly supDoned by Payton (l9m) and .,ongg@ er !/ (1996) who cPoned lhat 

nitogcn s snlit rpplicalion omt l.ter sr.gq incrca$d lubs fBh Neighl. wheF6, trl 

pBcni sludics nitogen in lhe fom ofcombina(on fbo nanure atrd a€rlilizd prcved 

lo bc bcsl, followed by hish€rdosca oficnilizcr ovq rilrogcn lio 

3.10 'tubo'ricld htr (k0: 

Ardlysi6 of dara (App. 70) for rube yicld hr showed significant r6!lh for 

ircalncnr which are amtrged belov in Tatl. 3. 10. 

'l!bl.!.10r Eifet oadirm @dbltr.lio$ olorgaric ud inorgrtric nilrogcn 

t2124.45s 

T: (Full N fom UEa B C ) 

T. (Full N fom Ur€a SD) l4lll02de 

n (,/: N fbm FYM + Z N Fron UM B.C.) 

Tt r%N fron FYM + t, N lom URaS.D ) 

I,, (,. N frcm FYM + r N lrom Urer B.C.) 

Tr (%N frc FYM + L.N |rom Ureo S.D) 

lll24l0a 

Tr (7. N fom FYM +). N fron Urca B.C ) 

1026l 5l b 

T'( 1N fom FYM +'tN fmm Ur{ S D ) 

I lollotred bl rhe.dme leueds'q€resignr'.anllvdireEnr(P 005) 

'ruG 

Mcan v.lus indicakd rhd Tr (/: FYM + |4 fcnilizs BC) cmain€d al top wnh 

maxinun rubo yi.ld hi, follov€d by T, ('/. FYM + % fenilirer Bc). Ndr ii lin. 

werc Tl and Ta in vhich f€nilier wG appli.d lhbugl sideiBins Anr $6c wcrc 

rMlnroc (Tr and Tr) witt full d@ ot fedilizs (BC or SD) whc6. lElnflts {illr 

lluly dose oa ndur€ or @ly mmure (T6 Tr and Tr) sbo*cd poor resulb lor lohcr 

yicld h4Land Gcupie

i,e 

:-o, n 

tl 

n! ll EflBt of dtlftMa o.blt.do.. of orph rd borlt|ic .ltlgd 

l|rdlr.r o tub.i yLld Gt ri') dfiing O. y6 r & tL 

t20

Rdlnr! un.l ,r'sc^rior 

rutr, vrlrcs rtllrrguntnls Dr.lc i[ fllvidrs c$e ryrk! [u cnrPl.yed lr.to d$ il 

orld rle bc obsfled and arsucd $at rcalmcnls wnh bllc. plNnrs .nd h.ving morc 

srems. l..v.s n tuber plof yiclded betd a3 cdnp.rcd to shonc.llanrs wtlh lcss 

lciles. slcnrs drd tubcts. No douht. bbadc.st f1c(lDd and ninogcr sopplicd lrctrr 

ndurc ald Lnilizr in cqul mounts cd.ol be igmred whilc @nsideing olhcr 

Doints The Bulls e tunner connm.d by Banerj* md Singhanahalaft (1986). 

Aryuh er a/. ( I 993) a.d Kawth& er al. (2002) who Fporled that manule wilh lcnilizr 

or organic amcDdn€nts gave bet€r ield. Whilc, on lh€olherhrnd. Shuklaand Snrgh 

(19?7), vo*al (1983) and Manin ei ul (2001) Eponed ditlcrctrr runlls $al lofl oa 

nirmgo had no c{I6t o. tubd icld h! r. 

3,ll Fr.shfoll.gcreightplnnt'(g): 

Dara collelcd lor l6t ( I 6rt wet) inrflal in c6e ofveekly loliage wcighl pl.nl L ws 

co'sidsrd $ fesn loliag€ wcigl pld r and subjdldl ro sralislical analrsis 

rslniqucs ( m. 55) lor tMurrlc Nults. *hich ruvcJcn sigdific l icsulls for ycrts 

and lreanncnrs which could bc obened f(on lhe aollown18 airang€ment of nrcatr 

oa diltcrc.l onbh.rion3 of oT ic .!d i.org.dc nilrog.n 

= 166,02b 

Frcsh ro rrcr€iqhtpltnt' tll 

121.2 \ 

Tr {Iull N amtrr UEB.C } 

Tr(IullN fom U@s.D.) 

nt%N fiom FYM +'4 N f@m Ue aC ) 

Tt('tN fiom FYM + %N fom UeS.D.) 

I (r! N fion FYM +r. N trcm Urca B.C.) l!4,!r-. .-- 

TJ (z N fton FYM + % N from UErS.D.) 

T3 (% N f.on FYM + ]/! N fbr U@ B.C.) lr08h 

To (Z N ronr FYM + % N fen Ur6 S.D.) t14 2\l 

F'gurcs folloq d by th. $mc lett€d.) wm s,gnr icJnrl) d' lTce tn n otr 

Mm valu€r indicar€d lhd n {% FYM + ,/: f.rlilizs Bc) ousrcd all orhd r@lncnrs, 

followed by T! (/4 FYM + % feRiUztr BC) md trqtm€irs wirfi above ncnrioned 

conbination of ndw &d feni[zd (Tr, T,) alo.g wilh side dudng lahnique. 

t2l

R6utu dnd Dlvlesion 

Trc.tmcnc wilh only fcnilizcr (T:. Tr) bodoslcd or sidcJrcsd enriincd ncxl in 

Bluqce whcrc.s. T4. T, dd Tr obtlincd th. lat positions in ds.nding o.d6. in 

Nhich rmrc quurily ol to&urc ' lN lcnili4r or only 'n$urc {$ +tliql. 

So, il 

could bc crfllirullhlt dlogor obhnrcd lonr !!!ra Lnili^rtu.qu!l unls 

but {plicd lhsugi boadcsl rn€rnod r.nEincd bcuer over his}cr doscs of lcnilizcr 

appll€d lhrcugh lidc-dEssing ed moE qlantily of danure which mc4! rhat ioss4 

nisit be n1orc in cse of hieher d$es of fcnilizcr plus hannful impacl m.y bc lh€'€. 

Sidi lely. in c6c of hcavy mmnri.g crop migh nan fa€ed slGs due ro slow Elcding 

prcs or ls availabilny of nn@gen rt rcquircd sllgc. On lhc 0$6 htnd, il could 

ale 6c cxrlincd rhnr rqtmenrs wilh tnllq llnnts havin! ,.orc stcn$ Md lcrvcs 

poduced $orc fB[ foliag€ weigtr pld(r {nd vicc vee. Th6c colls,tc lupporlel 

lo nnnc cxlcfl by Robcft !r d/ (1e82) who r!|odcd nrl srlil nilosun qrrtlicrrnnr 

|lrlcd to he hcllcr lor thk 6pccl olpnrutrrclo WlBcN, itr tlrcsutrl sludics ril'lscn i'r 

the fon ofo'!a fcrdlizer ouled nilog€n flor manud. 

3,12 Foli.g. dry n.lghl phnr'' k): 

obwarions penaininglo lhis aNclor ofsrudy !€a oblained, orgoizcd ad subi*tel 

to amlFis otvdiancc 1€hniqu6 (App. ?l) which indicated sisnificnnt difTmc€s 

among r€mcn$ man valu6. qhich aE givcn bclow in Tablc 3. | 2. 

T.bl€3.12i Efie.l ol dilTerent combirrrions of orgtnic 8rd inorgrnlc nllrogen 

rcrrlll 

Foli.ee drv neient Dbnf 

16.43 f 

Tr(FullN frcm Urc. a.C.) 

I,(F,rllN lro'n UrcrS D ) 

n (', N amm FYM + !4 N frcn UE B.C.) 24-49 a 

T.(? N lrem FYM + 14 N lionUdSD ) 

Ttr (z N fom FYM + % N rron U@ B.C.) 

Tr(zN Irc FYM + ZN lion UreaS.D.) 

I*l'l.N lonr FYM + %N ftom UEa B.C ) 

T' (%N aron FYM + % N fion Uiea S.D ) 

l-islresfoJo*cdb) rhcsme erreirsl\eressrifi.Jn.lvdiilercnr(P no5) 

Ma. valu6 rcvc.l.d lhal mdinum ioliag. dty v.ighl we obsed€d in ..e of Tr ( /, 

FYM + % fcrtilircr BC).lollov€d byTr (% FYM + % fenili*r BC). Ti (only l€rlili/xr 

BO M.nui nr the middl€ *h€re6, T' (% FYM + z f€dilizd SD) *a found lo bc 

ar sond lsr &d Tr {FYM) al lsr psitions. I @uld be €xplained thal ltoSch flr 

t22

R6nk! anl Dllcusio, 

eq0aldoss fion nanure and ienilizs, aprlied (hou8n bnadcast method reman,cd 

bdrlcr lhatr sidc-drcssd trilogctr nnd ncrvily Ntrntrdl rDtmcnls which tueans llrl 

l:l Dombntlion ol manrrc a icniliz.r mighl had sumliql nnrogen in noNr 

aNouors. Sirilrty, in cdsc ol bm&lcxsr nrcrhod fcrlilizcr nrighr h( rhoreuglily nrixdl 

arrl crlcicnlly nlilizel willbul y trL!'tivc nqDd It coulJ al$ l[ nlgudl ll 

trcamenls shosing belrd Gult' for leh foliag. wcichl Emain€d bettcr for dry 

tolirse veighr pldar dd vic€ ve6a. The$ sllls !rc panillly suppon€d by Roberts 

n dl (1982) and Gathunsu "r //. (2000) who rcponcd tlMl in ce ofsplitor arly cum 

llrc nilrcgen applicalion loliar dry wcigh was incroscd. whcrcas. nr prcsl sludiG 

fcnilizcr alone or ils bi8jrcr doses pbved lo be benor ovf Nanurc alonc or ils highcr 

3. Mub.r dry r€ishl planar (d: 

Anrlysis ofdita (App. 72) in rclarion to ruber dry wclghr planrr showcd significanl 

rcsults for lrearm€nls which could be obsc cd &oD 6c aollowins kble. 

T.bL3.l3: Elt€cr ol ditfer.rr combin.lions oforg.ni..rd irurg.d. tritogetr 

l:(l'ull N lbm UE BC.) 

'1, (tull N from UrqS.D.) 

T.(, N lrom FYM + %N liom U@ B C.) 

Tr(,)N lrom FYM +'4 N lom Urc. S.D.) 

l,1,tl fnnr FYM +-/.].{|hff Uea B.c.) 

'l;(]/l N tron fYM + ZN |oh' Urou S,D.) 

Tub.rdrvneisbl pl.rl k) 

91.55 c 

84.19 c 

80.55 | 

Ir(ZN frcnr FYM +'i N liom UEa B.C 94.01b 

1,1'4N forr FYM +%N trcm Urco S.D ) 90.15 c 

Figurcs followed by the sm€ lelte(t werc signilicdrllydinercnt (P = 0.05) 

h is clidcfl frcm rh€ mce vilucs lhar Tr oostcd rcsl oa lhe tr€alments in which 

nirrogen sasslpplied lon nanle and f.nilizcr in.qual anbunls thrcuBh btoadcast 

mclhod, Ncxl nosilion w6 oblaincn by Tr (7, IYM + % l€rlili7,r BC). T: (only 

fcnalizd Bc) mincd in lh. middl. wh.@, T' (FYM) wd round lo b€ ar the 

So, it could be visualized thar nirogd lrcn n1anurc aM lenilircrwilh l:l alio, alorg 

wnh bDadc6t mclhod snowed complralilcly bcllcr t6ulls d conPded ro othcr 

coDbinltioDs md sid€nrcsng lechniq!.. Similarly. it is also €vid€nl lhal lrealmenls 

l2l

BNtur tnd Dketsina 

wllh higher lLrbcr wcighl pl.nl' rcknred higher dry nlucr putrf wnich is luilc 

sinplo to underslond o! argumenls made in cae of lr*h nrber welghr f,lrnl may rls 

be enployed hcd. Th6e resuhs are supponcd ro som€ cxtcnl by Palaon (1990) and 

,onss6 ur '/. ( I96) who rcportcd that in cs. of sp|n o. delay€d nitbg.n application 

rube. dry wcaght w6 inc@sed. wn€rc6. in prcFnt sludiG niloscn fom fcnilizq 

ousled nitolen frc h&urconly 

3.14 Tub€r dpelnc grrvity: 

Obsedatiohs lor this qualitativ€ char&ter were dade and dala qcr€ subjsted to 

.rarisrical .nrlFi! tccnniqB (App. 73) which depi.led sisnificlnl Gulti aor 

rc nenls rn(l nrlcndion. Mqn v.n's lor hoth rhc conDomnls c .nlisld hcloN 

for r r.@l (Tablc 3. | 4). 

Tabl.J.l4: flTdl ordlr.rcnl cohbinttlonr ol org..ic,nd inorE.nlc nihogtb 

rcrlllero!l!rb9lsl,.cilic grlviry 

hi 

I:{FullN lFm UEa B.C.) | 08? tsh t.088 

1r (Full N trom UrcaS.O.) 

T. (% N fton FYM + l/: N lr.m UE B.C.) 

TJ (% N nom FYM + /: N fon U@ S.D.) 

T!r% N riom FYM +'zN frcm U@ S C.) 

Tr (r. N hom FYM + rN from UreoS.D.) 

t.087 

I 036 

L037lll 

|.039 

|,089 

t.037 

Tr (r, N fmm FYM + ZN trcm Urea B.C.) 

I,t/i N imnr FYM + %N lrcm Urea S.D.) 

L089 bc 

l.088 1.088 

Figures aollo*cd by lh€ sme leue(s) wcc sigiificstly diflerenl (P = 0.0t) 

Althn'gh, trDu valrs showol salniiicnnr r.strlrs aor rhis qhlilrlirc $!st hrl 

difedcs among thedFlvs v€e quitc nmwed. Anyhov, Tr (' FYM + % 

rc'1ili?$B( )sr|]crlcdcd orhcrl'lil'ncnls.litbwc(lhy-l\(n IYM ,llt ilizcrll(-). 

oths treatnrcrk rcdairEd nr belwen whcre6. 'tr (rYM) was looM to bc at lhe 

bonon. Ttrber spsilic gravily is m indicrtor oi natunly wfiich would rcllcct lo div 

naltq petu€nra8. lnd tubd qualily. so, ii is cvidcnt ftom tlE resulG lhrt supplv ol 

nirtugm ftun FYM .nd fenilia with l:l mtio Ptodwed bclrer quahy tub6 

@mparatively ts @nPded ro lde d6in8 and othd ombina(ioN. qhich nigit b. 

due ro nodial growih of lhe plsts, baausc ol balm€ed and tinrly at.il.bility of 

124

RNks dtd Dhcusion 

nirogcn, Ths esulls e confimed by Hsandold||.nd K,shi {2000) who E?orlcrl 

lhal rubd spe'fic gavny w6 inc6s.d du€ io lcnilizs ,pplicalion. 

3.15 Tlbcrdryn.rt rp€rc.nt,g.: 

Dda lor lhis faclor were obtinrcd and rnrlyscd llousl vnn cc r$lc (App 74) 

vhicb rcvcalcd significantBults for ftarnerts und i'rlcraction. Mc.n vllues aor bolh 

thc cornpoNtrrs are shown below in hble I 15. 

Tltle!.15r E rd ordira€r.nt conbin.llons or orernic rnd inoqrnic nltro*cn 

2r.l] i 2r.27 hi 21.20c 

T:(Full N fo U@8.C.) )1.40 fqh 21.51ef 

T,tFullN frcd urc. s.D ) 21 3l sh 2t_41f2 21.40 cd 

Tr (|/.N fioD FYM + % N nw Urca B.C.) 

T5(l4N filN FYM + % N fron UroS.D 

T,,(%N frcnr FYM +',N liom U@ B.C ) 

Tr (rl N from FYM +'1N tum Urq S D.) 

2201" 

21.71'n 

2l.21hl 

2l ll1 

21.81 

21.13 

21.33 lrh 

) r.7.t b 

,2t.31d 

21 2Je 

Tr (' . N flonl FYM + r/. N rbm Ure. S C.) 2l.'N a 

T!(%N from FYM +% N fiom UreaS D.) 

21.t2 b 2l.57 | 

l.rruc followcd bt ih. smc lcflcdst w.E $gnrficanrlydifieenr lP 005l 

Matr v.lrcs indic.red thal 6 usu n ('4 FYM + % aeriilia BC) ouled lhc olhtr 

lrcllnenls. ncxr ro il w$ Tr (% FYM + t fc ilizcr Bc) whc6. T? (, FYM + Z 

tcnilizcrSD)md T (FYMloccupicd dre 16l lwo posilions in dcsccndnrgordcr. 

So, il coul.l bc obsfl€d lhat /, trilogd fion manure and % fom fcnilizcr 

bioadcst€d gave b€tter pe omdce lor lhis qlalinlve chamt€r which dishl bc duc 

to hslthy plr.ls and betlq tubq weiSht pldir, oblain€d lhmugl balam.d nitDgcn 

applic.tion rhoush namls lrchniqrc. On rhc olhcr n.M, il ou .ls bc dsucd lh.r 

rorm.nls wirh ls dry maucr pwcnhgc mmP.mlively, nrirl'l hid l6lcr 

ld[?iEliotr Ele. due to vhich ls tubd dry nrallq vG retanEd Dry n.lrcr k 

int€rlinkcd wi$ rpeiic emvity dd nobllE percentage. Morc +{inc 

gBvity, Norc 

will bc thc dly mallci p€rcdlage wnh Gss moisluep@.nlagc. So, rrc.ineils 1T. Tx. 

T5 lnd Tt pruduced b€t€r quality tubes companlively, 6 ihe diffcrercs unDng 

m.a. values !e!e much nmsed in spilc of siglificant resulls. These rc3ult5 .rc 

supponed b, Hsandokh dd Kashi (2000) sho conclud€d thdr tub€r dry nurler 

y.l 

t.25

Rsults tud Dlttusnon 

pcrce ase vas rcduccd in c6e ofndue. whcrc6. Borin cr d. (lr)94) reponej $ar 

fcniliz€rl!?e had no cif{l Dn lubcr dry m,rt$ pcrcentace 

3,16 Tuber moisfuft p.rc€ntrg€: 

R.adings p€rlaining to lhis p.ramctar of study *erc noled and d.l. wcr€ oalyscd 

$ough srisrical analtsir t@hniqu6 (App. ?5), vhich altlDust indic.t€d siSninc.nl 

Blla for lr€amqts dd ini€mrion. but dif[crcnG flong nqn valu6 w€ nrch 

dnowcd. \h'.h could bc ob*n€d fon th? follo$ins bhl 

Table3.16: Efied of dltf.r.Dt combln.tlor! olors.ric.nd lnorg.nic ritrogen 

T, (Full N rrom Urca B.C.) 

T,(Fdll N lnn Ur.. S.D.) 

78 73 

18 

73 51 

T.(t, N iiom FYM + tr N fmm UH B C.) 11.9J i 73ll xl 78.01e 

TllL N from FYM + %N lmm Ure.S.D.) 7a21lv 78.2? tjr 78.27d 

r. r r. N lrcnr FY M1!ll t!!q!I! Bc) 78.67 b 

Tr tr, N ftud I YM t%Nfton,Urc.'SD) 78.77J 

Tr (% N ftom FYM + % N lion U@ B.C ) 78.0',7 hi ?8ll sh 78.10 e 

Tr(% N tbn' FYM +%N lon U@S.D.) 78-31ef 78.1.1cf ?8.13d 

Filus lolloscd by thc sm€ leuedsr wsc s'rtr'ficMrlvdilTercnl rP - 0 05) 

Tubc! nDhlure ren@G tceping qualily ofthc corlhodily. qnich is iitcilinkcd {ilh 

dry malte! perc€nlage lnd sp{ific gwily Morc moisturc. lcss wnl be lhe posl- 

h.fr*rhleorlh€lub€splusLher hdd|ngwrllbedrmcunandviccrchd 

In rhis egdd lBtmcnG *hich prfomed p@rly for olher parancleF, show€d hiShcr 

moisturc pe@ntasc @mp@rivety. So, hqtily mouEd ireamoc (T', T5 and Tr. 

sid€'dEsed treatnFnt (Tj 4nd Tt with l4s fcnili&r rcnained bcltc! !s coftp&ed to 

brcldcasted phs l:l mmtrrc and fenilizcr cotubindlon (Tt or hishd doscs.f 

fcnilizos + les ma.ue (Ts aod Tt. Which mcaN lr€ahents sirh hiSi€r doses of 

nmnre nighr had fald lrdspidion dq du. to which l6s dry m.llcr w6 rctam€d 

ir re ol lubc6 bul *nh high6 noitloF p€@nuse having inauior qualily s 

codplred ro iilogcn (% or %) supplicd from fcnilircr and hrc&lcls(cd Tner cults 

arc contmred by H4smdokht md Kshi (2OJ0) who report€d rhiL tr1cs ol manurc 

tuber dry maLter was dc*casd which means its tuoisturcpercenlasc was rnci€aed 

120

3,1? Tnber total 3olubl. solids (oBrir). 

Relts end Ditusno' 

Atr ysis or dlla (App 76) lor lubd TSS allhough snowcd sigrificunl rsulls lor 

lrcdlnenb b lariatioN .mong mcan value. w€re too narowed, showin8 apPd€nlly 

simild crhs. Sinilarly. there w4 nirc! ch.nge in cas of nedn t otdd *hich 

*ould bcclar liur rl& lbllowingl"blc. 

Trbl€1.17: Efie.r ot dir.reol ombln.liors olors.nic.nd ioor$ri. tritrogen 

r.rtilirror ruber rotrltolubl. !olids 

TI {FullN fom FYM) {!L- 

Tr (FullN lom uca s D ) 

5.12.b 

Tr (4 N Gonr FYM + rN tbn UE B.C.) 

T.(4 N lbnr FYM + % N lionU@S D.) 

T!(rN fru'FYM +%NronUdBC.) 5.l2 ab 

T, t'. N fronr FYM + 'h N fom U@ S D.) 5.10 b 

Tl(, N &om FYM + % N fiod Urea B.C.) 

'L(r N lrcn' rYM + %N from Urea S D) 

Fisn6 lollowed by thc same letle(s) *.re silhifi cintly diff€r€nt (P _ 0,05) 

Tub€r TSS is a quali(ativc chrfh which b s indicato. of rnber n urity fot vhich 

&ra flaled rh.t T. (/1 FYM + l,4 f€nili&r BC) mained al lne bp. lollow.d by Tr, 

TJ. T!, Tr. Tr ad T6 showitrg simil{ BulE 4 all lh* MEined at par wilh sclr 

other. wiier6, Ti ed Tj o@utied lhe second l.st ud l6tposirions, rcsP&liv€ly. 

Ir nahs thar alrhough, appdenlly sinilai dau were presenbd by alnosl all lhe 

tEatr.mts. stillstatbtically lpp€r hand ofTr, TN, Tr ed T, could b€ ob6e*ed over 

orhs lEatments 5o, lreatnd$ showins beltcr rcsuhs lor o$er parmcleB Foduced 

luhr6 of betrer qualily. Thal is vhy arguhcnB n.d€ in pBious cn*t m.y .lso be 

€mplor€d ner€. Itec Gdts rc difis{l fou lhc lindinSr ol Bontr c/ d/. ( lgix) wbo 

rcponed tn fcnilize! ir?e had no €flel on tuber quality. wnercas. irl lcenl sudi6 

signillc&l blr nmv.d varisliom re observed dmoDg treatnent meatr valus forthis 

l.l3 Ttrbertrirrog.n cont nr5on dr' nrtkr bati. (%) 

Ob*dations aor this 6pel ofsludy wee nade, coNcn€d md dala ecre ulyscd by 

@nstructing hbtc oa vanec (App. 7?) wnich dcpi.lql non-sig'rilicul 6ults 

T@tmcnr mcrD laluos arc givo belos (Tlblc 3.I 8). 

t21

lrr 4!!!!9r !!!!! 

l.75NS 

T1(Full N |rcff Urea B,C.) 152 

lr(tull N ri.'r urcrs.l).) t5l 

I.(Z N lDnr FYM + t, N frem tlrcr B c.) 123 

T.{ZN lrom FYM + 1N lrom Ure!S.D.) t5l 

Tr,(, N liunr l:YM + /. N tmm lJrcr BC 1.75 

T, tZN fmm FYM + Z N frcnUreaSD) L75 

Tr(%N fo'h FYM + t N fbm UMBC.) 

1r (t, N l'\r FYM r r, N fron I [q S n.) t52 

tisuc follovcd bythcsanclctlc(s)wcr€si$ificdnlydilhrcnl{P =0.05) 

Althoug} nr valu6 show€d noD-sienificdl diffeiencs slalklicully b s l ninor 

ra.i.rions among lh* could be obsned Tr (FYM). T6 (% FYM + 7. fenilizerBC) 

d rr (z fYM + % LnilizcrsD) fonred onc Soup rcnraininsal p.r,nd oblaincd l'' 

posilion, T.. Tr, T( and To coNtituted second erolp tnd .vuilcd ov.tall s{ond 

nosilion rnn s.odatn .wnh qch olhq whcrcas. T* dd Tr ec$iql lhc seond l8r 

dd lasl positions, vhich alnost in all lhe previou! csd perfom€d well. Tubet 

nilrog€n contenb aa .onsidcrcd r qualitalive chadter which rcn€cls nurrrionnl 

shrus ofthc ruben. So, it could bc olsflen that realnenls *ilh l6s vield r€knrcd 

frorc niftgcn cont€nt within tlE lub€6 as applied flilrcsen $i8ht nol b€ ulilized 

prcp.rly duc lo poor pqtollMcc oa the lE ndls and bellq Pdloming l@tncnts 

Eloi.ed coi{aratilely lcs .itrcgen du€ gbvlh dilulion faclor of nilogon On rc 

olhd nmd il could ale be rgu.d lhal hqvy nduring prcduccd rxbeB wilh highcr 

nitoren coDlcnls of bctter dieffy valle conDablivcly, 6 coNpared lo nrtrogci 

supplied lhroogh a€diliz€r. Any how, drffeGnt conbindions and $urces of.i(rcg.r 

d'd nol afl@r lhis qualiialive chanclo slalistically. Thcr noniigificdt r€sulb 3rc 

fl(|hcr suptor'rcd by Borin./ dl (1t94) who rcporlcd th lcrli||zcr tvpc had no 

signilicd cll*l on tlbcr qualily. On the olher band HNMdothl and K6hi (2000) 

p&lcnted dillercDl resulls thal lrbsr nilogcn conlcDls werc nnprct€d in case or 

aenilid 6 conparcd lo dmue. 

t28

3.19'tuberpho$phoruscorlentson drt D.ftrbuls (Z!): 

Rtsuhs dad Diwssior 

RedinSs lor lnis p.lmer€r w.rc talm, conv.ncd dd then dala *et subjete! 'o 

anallsisofvariancct€hoiques (App. ?8)which r€vealed sisJlilicant icsults fotNnich 

med vilues are shown belo* iTablc Ll9). 

'lable!.19. ElT4r of dift rcnr 

r.rllli4r otr tnbcr 

conbin.tiols ol orgrnlc .nd irorg.nic tregcn 

horDhorur coueots on dn n.lter b.!lr 

-9L,- 

T?(Full N fom uEr a.c.) 

Tr {Foll N lbDriMS.D.) 

0.23ab 

(,.ts 

l dld-Blry,!4! ! te! ler!!] 

c 

T.lL, N lrcnr FYM + 1N fotr UruS D.) 

T,,tJ.N (nm FYM + 7. N fom Urca BC, 

Ti(%N lmm FYM + Z N fo UrcdSD ) 

Tr(ZN from FYM+%N ftoff Urc! B.C.) 

Tr(r, N fro'i FYM +'. N lrcm UredS.D.) 

Frgurcstoll.,{cdby'hcqm.lcrcns)wnesrSr'ncrrrlydrltcrc lP 0051 

Tubd pho+lDrus contcnb de considetd a qu.halive 6pcci which i3 dnecllv r€latcd 

to nluiiional valuc of the trbss. Althougl, Fsults obknred w.rc signillcrnl 

sdislically bul dilIcdc6 bctwq mtr valu6 {eE not so viden.d. shownrg 

rrFtorlly ii,nli rcsulrs Anyhow. T' (FYM).-1, (r lYM l ftnili/crSD)in(l'1" 

(% FYM + v. fedilizcr BC) showed b€trcr Eslhs lomnrs a sroup i.d remarrng d( 

pr ei$ qch orher. Tj and T? show€d inkmcdi.te p6ilion wnn I smaller gmnl 

Nexl scc T,) a T1 which rcrllircd dr par rnd con$nu[d s4ond hel sDall groul) 

*heEs.T,(,/. FYM +% fqtiliz.r BC)ddT1(% FYM + 4 fenilizer BC) fomed thc 

l4r tnnll grcup in d€dding ord€r. Mqn lnlus indical.d diar lrcalnenb snh 

higher peEcDtas€ ofn].hrc and side dEssed fcnilizer showcn conrpao(ilclvsupDrior 

position 6 compated to boadcsted fdtiltzct aM rts higher doses. On the olhd haDd 

n could d$ be qplained tlEt l@lrnqts wtlh ls yield reu,ned more phosthorus 

wnhin the lube6 conpaativ€ly, as phospborus along wilh olher eletcms mi8}l nol bc 

consuscd prcpeily lor vegelativc go*lh Whrle, LieatnEnls showirlS hish vield. 

rerain d ls phosphorus in lub6 du€ lo gowth dihLiof, fetor ol phospnorus ll 

nciDs c6e oa ndnur€ b€tlcr quahy lubc6 werc poduccd. ahholgh luhcr 

phcphoruscontnrsqer€noraffrct€dsrarisli.rllvbvnib8.napplied(hrou8ivtious 

eure.'lhN lirdinss ,rc in linc lo em€ crtcnt wnh $c nndinss olc.l@v (l$l) 

t29

NAth: a"t lrikassn'n 

who Eportcd rhar combindion ofm.hua and lcrllliza prcducql bcrter qunlity tuhcn. 

WNqs. nr ru*nl stuJis ncrry rlors ol nriu'! rh g with l$s qulol'rt ol n'un 

fcnilizsr proved to be betlo. On rhe other hund Borh.r d/. (1994) rcporled dul 

l.rrilid ryl'c hld no sienificmr e(lat on lub€r quahy. 

3.20 Trher potnlsium corierls on dry m.it.rb,sis(%): 

Obsflariom pdtainins to rhis temcte. wq. made, @nveden lnd data *a finally 

dalysed by conslrucline vdiece table (App. 79) which al$ough dcnonslraled noi_ 

signilicanl rcsuhs bul slill ycry ninor dillemccs could bc obsnud mong uannlcnt 

6can valucs, gilen bclo{ ln rable 3.20. 

T.blc :1,20: Efiect of dlfi..cnl corbiMdons or 

fenlllrtr on iub.r oor.ssiun .ottet 

T, (FullN i,om FY!Y) 

lj (FdtlN from Urca B C.) 

Tr (Full N lron UrcaS.D.) 

iitnfr; FYM | '/. Nto; ued Bc't 

T,ra r r.. rVv * r, 1 1ta1*5p t 

orgr.ic,nd inorg.ric rft tog.! 

Tr (zN ftom FYM +Y.N lom Ute B.C ) 

n,(n N fmD FYM +%N ir'!n trrciS O ) 

Fisi;-;Ilo*cd iy r|;i;rii lcuc(t wcd sisnilic rltdill-cr.r(l' o05) 

Tuber pot,ssiunr is a qulilalive cnlrackr like nnrogcn and flDsphorus. sPecirllv 

@ncemed wnh nukitional dpet of lh€ tubeF For lhb tspecl T (FYM) rcndned rt 

!op, follow€d by T' {% FYM + % fenil; SD) Ne{ if, line $€ie Tr. Tr. Ti T. 'nd T' 

hlv g 1.73% polssinn cohrenb, lollowed by Tr whc!e6. TJ (l 67%) rcmain€d ll 

lhc bonon. In thb ce lilc nirrcSBn a.d Phcphorus 

wilh poor perfomuce for o$a teaneters. 

l.8t Ns 

@nlcnts ol the ubers' l€tncn|s 

show€d comparalivelv b€tlcr resuhs us 

@mpared lo Tr, Tr, Tr dd 1wnich perfomed sell for all olhq rcg.tati!. dd v'eld 

ll could bc visuali2cd dar ls yieldcd lsldcnls hav'ns highcr doss or nanud. 

p'odnced tub€6 of ben€r qually as.pptied iiptrts mighl ool bc ulilizcd propdlt 

ircludin! I)olNium, lhat is why mots pota$iom conlcnl( w'rc rerain€d in cdc of 

llbcs drc 1o srowlh dilllion a.ctor olpoEsium Sirihrlv. sidc_drcssnlg htd trmcr 

hand for lhis qualiraliv€ chaacrcr over b@dc6ted f€nihzer lo suPplv n'lrogen 

l7l 

tT 

- C. N frcm FYM +'. N fmm Ud Bc ) 

T, (,, N f,.,,, FYN| + '/.1.r r94!e!!.pr t.71 

7l 

tx

An/ns, rubcr totNium 

R6Ll^ and Dirusiot 

conlcnls rcmained trn,fielcd sl i3tictlly by thc nnrosctr 

applicltioi. slppli.d lhrcugn various $urccs, so. lncs non-tigni6crnl re$rlts & ir1 

agieodr sith rh€ li inssofBorin4dr(1994)lh fednizcr q/pc had no siSnificatrt 

cfrccr on rubcr quality. Sinillrlx tl$e reulls are oho supporlcd ro sone erlent bv 

Caleev (199r), who.oncluded rhat conbinalion ol m.nue dd reRilia pbduql 

l.2l Tub.r crude prot.ln cottcnltotr dry maltcr b$ir (%): 

Dara for rhis rnclor werc obbnred by nlltiplyns oitrogo coDlcDc (%) w'ih a 

cotul.nl hclo' ud subjelcd lo dysis ol vlrinncc kchniqu.s (APp. 30) wh'ch 

indicaled non-siglificanl resulls, bul still difeMces colld be obwed among 

rsrrD€nr trrcni vnl!$ *hich rtu slbwr hclow I lrhlu 1.ll) 

Trble3.21! Efi4l or difl€rent conbin.tiots ofo.ganic.nd 

Trotncnls 

ILCU ! - qf!14) 

r-'g;;l;r6;-6-d 

l€riiliz.r on tlber crude Drot.in cont.nb on d 

Tr (Full N fton Ur€a B.C.l 

Ti (F!ll N lrcm Urca S.D.) 

09.48 

I{(7r!r!s !Yl,! l llto_u{Je.!_!!1 8q)?-.. 

T.l% N fdn ljYM zN frcnr Unns.D.) 

' !4q 

Ti {% N fron FYM + % N fon Urca B.C.J 

I':FS". 

by rhc.,* l.rrcrisr *e( s,sn't'r,nrlv drrrcrcnr (P ' d n() 

FVM * %N r-' u""s.D) 

T{ (% N loD FYM + % N fp's Ura B.c.) o&i5 

Tr(% N ftonr FYM + r.N frcm Ur.a S D 0t 48 

-_ 

'tubcrpro(oir conlonrs drc rululcd wil1l dicl!rv 6p{l ol ltc tuhcr$hich rcvcrlcd Lh11 

Tr. T6 and Tr fomed a goup and mained al lhe lop folloved bv s@nd sreup 

hrving T:. Tr, Tr aDd T! whercas. Tr rctoditrcd it s@ond ll)sl posilion and Tr wN 

folnd lo hc at the houom. As lhis dala werc denvcd aren nilogd cmtcnls o' tlt 

LthcB, so si nilr prcvions $cnd N$ followcd and drgtrmcnlsDadc ii case olprevDus 

qualilatilc chmcleB, steially for nitoSen com€nE nav als be dnPloted hda so' 

inese non-signiicant 6uhs e lunh€r supponed bv Borin ., dl (l'94) who rcponed 

lhrt ferlilizcr ltle had.o cfldt of, lub€r qu,lilv On lh€ olh.r hand H6sedokh 'nd 

Kdhi (2o0lr) rcporlcd drflcrcnl rcs'lc thdL prdLcirr cont nrs ol tubcrs wcrc ioprovcd 

in ce or lcnilizer 6 omplFd to nanur€ 

Tubcr.rod. p.olelt .ont.rtl (%) 

l0,94NS __ 

|]t

t'alt.t{'t'd|d.Nl 

@NCLUAtoN! 

'Ihc blbdnscoclurio||ttry! hc.o !trd. tqn 0F dorc n ofto.d.ipcinE! 

> H.lfdos of.it|ogo fmm n|!nur! rtrd hdfobt'inql fmm fdlilizlr (ur!.) provd 

lo b. b.da thtr otr. @hhinric 

> Nillla n@ hiliE (ur) redld t [a ow.inor!! 6oD |re rii.t 

6ithl b. du. !o lmn*di.c Ndloilhy ofniflgd, 

> h .ll tlE c€ ninlia nirilia b@dod oud.d.id+itr.6i.g b.lhh@ 

> lt6vy rllg of .d |idqtE .d |r!s6 pDv.d lo bc bctta fo. snc 

're 

qudirrti!.cn sict* ' 

132

R6uhs tad Ditursion 

CXPERIMENTIV. CFFICACY OF INOnCANI( NITROCDN AS SPl,lT 

AtfircA' oN: 

R6lllsoblcirrcd lor ErperinEnl-lV ae benrs prcse .daod brielly dislsed bclow 

4.1 Nlnber ofdrys r.ketr ro tub.r.n.rg..cc: 

l)rh qrs crllccrL(l (l inrlvsotl br trsi g shulnnl slrrisli$l tcrhri! * nrrl hy 

conslruc$n8 inalysis of vdiscc t ble iApp. 3l) which .llhoulh €ralcd non 

s'gnficanl dilfcrc.ce lor ranncnts but significant aor yesr cven lb.n (Balnenr 

rrulr vllr.s sLDwcd enrc nriror vditfiois N il ro0]d lic clcrr lfon lhc folkNing 

E ret of Inorg.nlc rirog€! as 3plit rppllc.tlon on rumb.r oldlys 

_ t.ken to iuh.r .n.r!€r.€ 

T (Beal do* olnrtose!mly) 

jlr l!tl:!L{)!1 1 ! tfrii) 

r,(Bdaldos+2 N spli'6, 

n(Beldo$+l N Eolitl 

Tr (Baal dos. +4 N selit! 

I.isuc lollowed by rhc sane lctlc(s) verc significanrly dirfei€hl (p = Ojt 

Y€rl = 16.889! 

Yca.ll = 16.189 b 

Above piclnc indicatcd lhat T: rot onc day morc for sloulnrg NhcM. n, lmk 

minlnln (16.50) days for spouring tuben. 

t6i1 

En€rgencc ol thc tubc6 mm.lly dep€ndr upon intenrl @ru$ of Ihe r!be^ rjd 

cxlemal nricelinale, Thal is why dala show€d non-significdr dsnlls, be,lsc n,b€6 

oflhe sanr vari€tt had alhosl limil& extemal condilions ro pcrfom_ Thesc rcsutls 

are In asdmd wnh the findinSr of Malmo.d (2002) lhat maxjmun dergc.G 

pcrcentage w6 obsened i. casc of muinun nunber of nitiogcn splik. 

4.2 W€.tly €n.rgcrce p..c€ntrge: 

Obsry.dnB pqlli'ring to lhis ispct olsrrdy wcrc rclordcd r .l wekty n nrk 

6!'t) and srbjccrcd to analysis orvdiancc rechniques lor each inrcrvat sepohreiy ro 

gcl dumlc Rsulrs(Atp.82 84), which arc .oN slFsariz€n and di*xs*d hclow: 

Dl

i 

P 

,9 

! 

g 

g 

Er*t oa imrg.nic dcog.n te.liliar as sp|n .pplic.tion 

emergerce perc.ntlge durlng

R.suhs and Disession 

Dnh for ld \rsk showed .on-s,gnilicdr colG lor lrcl|mc s Any hos, rd'ncnl 

tocaisshorvcd somefrinordiff.rencesindicating(h,lTdremain€d al lopNith 42.18!Z' 

cnrcrsqce whcEus, Tj showed mininun (37.62%) enre4cice pe(crla8e, 

Infomaiio6 rclal.il lo 46 wek for ddEpnce pcrcol'ge showcd sigiifca 

diffcrcnces aDons lEalncnt nem vaties, n @cnpi€d thc l'' psition wilh 69.29% 

sprouting, followcd by T5 (68.5?%) dd Ta (67l8%) whilc. Tj (61.42rlo) wa rourl 

R.tdinSs for 5'i w€ei showqd significdl rGults for yca6 atuj rrca|m.nt5, indicati.s 

supfiorily of n (91 ,67%) ov* other lr€alhenls, while T (82.62%) ehain€d dt lhc 

bollou whcrc,s nEln valucs for ycirs are givcn bclo$: 

A 8Edlalincr$c in alllhc c@ w6 obswcd atdillqcnt idc^!ls. showing ovc ll 

bellcr peraomanc€ of T6. Similarlx splil .pplicalion ol nnogs 8,vc bdter 6!lts 

ovo hNrl rpplicrlior. Althorglr crr€lgcncc olllrc lubcs nroslly rlqrtr(is rpon rrhcis 

hclllh ed mic@limdq a€n thcn nle oftFatmurs cannot b€ ignorcd shich nighl 

hrd flnyql inrpodr nnc iI llis tognnl. As. hLavy h:L\tr|(losc oatritegor nrighl 

had homn|l and injuriousetTect upon tubou as compdcd tosplirapplicarions. 

4,r Toirl en. rgenc€ p.rccn tag.: 

lnfomations pcdaining b tnis cper of srudy vee @llcclcd and alFed ihough 

analtsis of vanance tabl. (App. 84) which rcvsl€d highly signillcant 6ulti lor 

ke.lmenls s wcll b for rears whicb is clcd frcn thc following andgcDcnt ofne,n 

vrhrcsloryura tltulnE s. 

T.ble4.3! Eff.cl ofinorS.nic nnmge!.s splr appli..tion on tot.l emergencc 

P9l!€r!'ge. 

T' (Bel do* ol nilrcsen 

I G!{rl!!r LN +1,!) 

T! (Ael do* + 4 N splia) 

Tr(BNldu$r 5 N sl)l'a) 

Fi8ures follow€d by lne s@.letr.(s) v€r€ sigrificdtly dif€r€nr (P = 0.05) 

l15

Above situarid indicatcd rhd Ttu Tr ad n soI ln, 2d dd 3d posilions, cretivcly 

*ith ncslisiblc di'I€lfu6. vh.ts, Tr Emrined at lhe b6tr6ni wnh mininlm {82.62) 

lolal cm.rgencs perc€nlag.. Although, rubc6 olrhe sme van.ry wcre pldted lndcr 

smr condnions. even rhon lLrbcs undcr dilTcrcrr trelrtucnls bc[rvcd diflcrcnrly 

shich could be d6or.d |o $br's iodiridlal t€rromance .nd lrcalnqts etlicd 

which coll*tiy.ly nighr have played a ole hec. excepr T, whe complete bel dGe 

oaoirrogen ftieh have ncgatieely a{Ist€d lubc6. 

4.4 W€ekly toliage lnd lub€r*€ight planfr (d: 

4.r.r W.ekly foli.g. weigll pbrr 'r (g): 

Inaomatons aor this span wce @llet.d w4kly liom 7'^ ro 16'" *ek, @lysol 

sqtahlcly ror db iflcaal (Am 85-94) and lho rnarn.nr nsn valu6 wdc 

aftangcd lo consritute lahlc 4.4.1 for thee inrcBals. Rcsulls for thcse inledlh arc 

no* bcirs prcscnted and disqBsd bdcfly. 

'lrDlc4.4.l tfiar ol i.orglnic nil.ogcn ai $plit {plic{ion on wekly folirg. 

Figuru aolloved by thc ene l€ncr{s) lcrc sigtrificd{ly dircrcnl (P = 0.05) a nrc 

10 b. cad setdmdy tor 4h colum (weat) 

Dala for 7L'week showcd significml diff.roces mon8 tE menl means indic.ftrg 

dominance olTi (5 N 3pli6) oler re$ of th. tr.atmehis, next lo il ws Tr fld lhctr T1, 

Tr ard T, nood ar p& ro eh orher wnerc6, Tr rcmined at rh€ bouom. 

Obswarioro Elaled lo Ed wek for loliagc wcight d€picled si8nificmr 6ulrs lor 

lrcatmcn|s. T6(5 N splitt mained d the rop with 182.10 8 toli.g€ weight, followed

R^rLr 4Nl Dls8slon 

b! T. (.t N slhls)*nrch shoNed aoli,gc wcighr oi 173.30 g Nl[rc$.l L (0 N sph) 

wd round lo bu !l bollo'n wilh nioinun loliasc wcishr ol I Ol.l0 s pb'llr. 

Inrom.tions coll.clcd for 9E vel Evcalci sisnincdr 6rlls aor rrmhcnB which 

sh.$c(ldortr!u.eol li(5NslniG)ovulLsrorl|(lrun('nurts\rl'er!,lr(l)NsDht) 

Dar. pertrinnrg h planr foliage in relalion ro l0'r'wek indicared sistrifi.tut resulrs loi 

lre&ncDts which clearly demonslrated sup€n@y ot Tr (5 N splils) ov.r othcr 

lrc.hchi! by poducins plet folirS. or 259.20 g. S6ond position w6 s{urcd b, T. 

(4 N splits) which pbduced loliase oa 242.80 g {h€res. T' (0 N sph) showcd poor 

suns.s DnNntrnt (152 ?og) lolingc wcighr |tr tldr y6 rcoRlLal i'r rliis.!$. 

Obsdaions rclabd to 116 w€et for lhis aaclor of srudy once ag.in depicrd 

slanirlcrtrr rc\rl(s lor lrclrnrctrrs 1-r o ihrcd,!slol-rhctEonnctrrs,lirllowL\lhytr 

asronishingly Whils,TL Eda,ncd atrlcborlon' !s $Ml. 

Darr for l2'i'wcck pedaining ro plant foliag. weigh{ revealed significanr Nsults lor 

F4tnflts &cordine ro vl ch n supcrc.dcd allorher r@|nen6 wirh 385.90 g aoliagc 

veight. Ncxi to it w6 T5 which prlduc.d 35?.60 g foliage pranlr. wh.@. T, 

shosed frin'num foliae€ weight of 255.l0 g. 

Infom.tions collsred in eladon lo lJi wak lor fotiage weighl indicaled significanr 

Gults aor t..lments. T@tments showol samc t6nd as v6 in case oi pEvious 

urtepals. Ti s(plrceded olher tEarrenkt followed by TJ lnd T4. r$pccrively 

where6,T showcd Door Bulls. 

ObseNations collccled tor lalh w*k for foliagc wcigbl pldr oncc again showed 

significat @ult! lor treatn€nls vhich indic.rd supenorily ofT( (410.50 !), S€cond 

a.d rhird positions wcre acnpied by Tr (402.81) g) and 1 (181.80 g). respeiivcly 

wheE6, lasl pGnion w6 obtaincd by lr (126.40 s) sholins Door esults lor llk 

Ddla lDr 15" wcck pcnrinins lo loli4c wcighl plnnl' slbwol sistrincrnt rc$rlls lor 

trcalmonls, whrch 8ho!€d d*line in foliaS. weigh al this iltcrval but adopted the 

samc prev'o$ eqlence T. {310..10 g) don ralcd ods lrealrrerk, lollowcd b, Ts 

(319.80 g) aral T! (31 1.60 g), Gp@tilcly whcrcas, Tr (262.80 g) Gcupied lhc lowesl 

posirion silh nlininum pldt aoliage w.igl , 

B7

e 

i 

a 

I 

t 

: 

Flg l0: 

EO.cr of irorg.!|. trilrogd f.rtlllrer s 

,oli.g€ y.ight pl..l ' dtrrhg rh. t f | & 

spllt rPptcrtion otr rekly 

II

Rdsrhs aud Dircusion 

trlonn|lnxN rlil

R.tths dnrt Divassion 

Iilonnatioos colldicd for 7" week indicoted sisnificant Esuhs lor lEatments T,, 

dornnxrut olhi ltrhctrll. li)llowL{ by l i d'lr,rc$cclilely$[c'cns. l rcn[i'rc,l 

ohcffarions relaled ro 8ri w.ek ao. thi fdcror ol srudy shovcd significlnr difT@nccs 

aNotrg trerLnc.r me$ vukEs. showinS nrprlnldy ol l. (41 47 gl ovcr rcsl ol rh. 

lrc Dcnl$. S{ond and lhid posilions werc occlpied by T< ll7 77 d d T!(20.6{rs). 

(\turivcly Whil.. lL Nln's.rl |rxr run'llN Dn trnii,ntr h'b( rrilht {l 

'.i',g 

lJ.11g, 

Dala conc€ming 9u w..td.picred once again signincmt atrlts lor trcalnmtswhich 

rcvellcd thal T6 superc€d.d all orner rrcalnlents. Next to ir wcre Tr dnd Tr, 

rcspcctivcly Nher€s, l4l position w6 occupicd byT'. 

Infomalions for planl lub.r weigi relalql lo l0'r'wek revcaled significdl Gulls lor 

lutmcnls sludied. Ti rs usurl rcnnincd {r dD lop wnh nnxnnunr tubd weiBhl oa 

129.50 8, lollowed by Tr and Tl which prodlced tubcr wcight ol122,30 r aM 

104.40 g, rcstcclivcly. Whcrlds, in clsc ofTr Nininrum luh.r wcighl of6?.77 g qN 

Ob*Mtions dla|ql ro ll" wek indicatcd signill.ant Gulls tor trcaltndts which 

clsarly indicated dominan€e olT. ovo rest ol the t€ah€ms. S.cond and 3- posnions 

wcrc occuplcd byT\ aM Tr, rcspcclivcly whcre$, sccond llsr 0rd lNt rosilions wcrc 

$cucd byT: ard Tr, rcspelively. 

D.i..onceming ro this pahn€tq of sludy for I2'i wet rcvcllcn si8'incrnl suxs 

for tru{tmcnls omc rtslin, To ousred th€ orhcr trcalnEnri wirh nraxinNm lub€rwcighr 

. lho.lo g sN.trrl rnn llint tr'snu's \verr srrtr'.(t ht L n l I' Nhich t)'o,|tr!.tl 

tubd weighi oa136.l0I dd 3l1.70 g, r€lpccrively. On lh€ olhcr hand T1(260.t0 g) 

rtrd'lr (232.rlrs) w€r. nntul rohcarsccotrd lrr rn.lhsr Nsnn'ns. respLrrivcly. 

lnfomalions pdtaihing ro ll" Nek tor lhh paramelq of srudy dclict€d signilicanl 

rcsulG d usudl which shoaed lfic suFrioriry oll. over othsr trcatmcnrs. Ncxt ro n 

wasTr whcrcas,Tr r€naincd al rh€ boton which showed poo!rc6ults 

Obscflalions for plant lube! N€igbt lor l4Li wek indicalcd si$rincanr rcsult! lor 

lrcl|mcnls. R6ullt indicat€d once again dominane ofT. ovcr ollrcr lmlmmrs rs thjs 

pmduced mdinum lubr weishr of49l.l0 g. Ts dd T. worc ncxl ro il sirh 482.00 s

0 

t 

I 

I 

0 

x 

Fig I l: 

.nrog.tr a.rdllat .t sPlil 

l4l

R,NIA onrl Diilnssion 

and 468.30 gubere.isht, cspslvely. Whcrls, !rcond l.st and losl posilions *c( 

obtrin.dbyT:(417.409)andT (318.703).rcsncctivcly 

Dar! conccnrirs lo I5L'wek rcvcllcd significanl rcsults lbr t. mcnls sho*irs as 

usu.l rop position ofT., iollop€d by T. .nd T4. Whc.cas, T, rcm.irE{ al tbe bottonr. 

Arrhi! inrflnland $age funhcrin.rcdc in tubcr wcighl w$ alnost c.asd. 

Infom.tions coll€cred for l.sr $d 16'" weck indicotcd si&nificant 6ults lor 

t@mdts, Altholgh, and wek-14 inc@. in plonl llbd wcight wo alnost 

n€gliSible cvcn thc di|Icrencc wcrc found to bc airnificanl nnong trcatmcnt nFJn 

y!lu6 vhich oncc asain showcd doninrncc ofTi (500.00 g) ovcr o$er l@tncnls 

Ncxt ro il *.8 T( (490.20 g) .nd T! (475.10 g) whcrcas. Tr (410.I0 !).nd TL {176.60 

g) were aound to bc at seond hst lnd lat posnioN, Bpdrivcly. 

R6ulB penaining lo planl tlbr wcighl aor wekly inlcPnls clc.rly indic.led i 

gEdu.l iftrcGc in tubq wcighl lor lll lhc inlcNab in casc oflll llE rc.ln€nls ulito 

l4'r'wNk, rncNnKls incrce ws rlnD$ ncgligiblc lor l5'r'r'nl l6ri sek, whi.b 

ded crc0 sd @dy for h.d6lnE- T@ttn.nls hrving nDrc Nflrb€r ol nilogen 

amlic.liotr donrndtn ovcr bsnl do$ of .ilrog.n rl ls nun$s ot oitrogctr 

applialioN So. il cotrld hc coNludol ll ir ci$ ofbNrl.lsc nml lNs Nn$cr ol 

nil,ogm sdns, nnrogcn migh had ccnain los$ md w* 'to| rvailahlc to c@P at l.tcr 

sbr!6 6 cont)ded b niShn numbr oanildgo splits whcrc il rcnrlnr€d avtlable lo 

cbp rlftughoul ils vcgctnlivc greelh pcriod. nriShl h c.riii'trotr' loss @d b.ns 

utlianion dle lo whi.h belter yield6 wft obhined in th6. cM. comp.nlrcly 

Th€ sllls @ in line wirh th€ lif,dings oaPaybn (1990) who concludcd thal tub.r 

fe $cighr olrncplanl e6 incrcascd duc to sFlir nptlicltion oltrnmscn. 

4.5 Nlnb€rol.€ri.l rt.nr pl.nt'r: 

Analysis ofdln (Atp. lO5) for it€n rlmbd plafr dcpicrcd si8trificant 6ulti fd. 

rMl ols. T( (5 N {lils) supcrccdcl rcsl of lhc (rc.tmcnls fnrh'cirrs 4 40 srcrrs 

tlanrr Tt (r 97) occuticd ncrr posilion. lollowcd hy T1 md T, rvh'ch slood rt p.r 

silhqcholn9.Sinril,rly,1)dndIial$rcnrairtddpirlocrhothcr.rllhoudr'l-' 

*.s lonf,d 1o bc rt botbm wilh 2 9l $e spla . TEatN mean v.luc6 ds shown 

t42

E tet or horg.!i. lhro&n a rplh .ppllc.llon o! !!Db.r oa *tl.l 

Nuobcr.l.cr !!qEI'hna' 

rr (B&l doeolnnosendly) 

T: (Bel dor + | Nsplir) 

1r !!q!{{o*t t l !! q'li't 

I{9q1!q! t l Nsnha 

T1 (B&l do* + 4 N splits) .).97 b 

T" (Buldos + 5 N 3pliro 

figE lolloscd by rhc ffic lcucrt'r wm siSDi ficdrly dillcanr t P - 0 05) 

Mdimun numbd of 3kms plsr'r w@ not d in cw of huihum nunbdofN +lits 

and !i@ vcf! qhich nans nire8cn appli.d on c o.ly @!ld @r slFw d6n!d Gtrlts. 

Whcd$, N in iplils bch.vld b.llq showing gFdu.l im|!e in st.m numbdr which 

i6quit *y to und.El.nd lh.l in ce of ndiDum nunbq of N rplils, nilDg.n w6 

tul wsld and il wG also r%ilablc orcr an .xrcndcd pcriod to b. uliliz.d pFFrly lor 

loliagc grcglh oflhc plbrs. Thc$ lindinp c n68lh@.d by RobcrG er dl (ltE2) 

who rcponql thal splir applic.lion oa nitmgcn incrc!$d srco nunh.B $ @op!rcd lo 

bael do*. Sihitdlx Mlhnod (2002) rlrod.d th.r m.ximum numb.r of stcms 

pldar w@ @d.d in ce ofndinm nub.r ofnittuS€n lplirs. 

4.6 Nun xrolhrv$ pl..l'l 

D{. ror numbq of lqvs wF @lldcd ed .nlays.d by subjerins ro Mlysis or 

vsirmc lGhniqu6 (App. 106) wnich shosql sisnificrnl lqlls fo. lrc.tmcnts ud 

year x l@tmcnt inictuaon- T6 (5 N rDliG) ilteEcdcd dl olhcr t@tmots. tollowdl 

by Tr (a N rrlic) .nd Tr (3 N rplik) whc@, T, (0 N rplir) rcnEnrcd cr thc bouon, 

which is clar tom thc follo*in8 tablc. 

I.Dl.4.5t Elfet of i!o.t llc !ftr.8.! a rplit |pDliqtlor otr .uDb.. of 

1..v6 Dl.!f' 

Nub.roalqG Dl.rl' 

T' (Bul do6c orniro8.n only) 30.47 h ll.5lr 12.00f 

Tr(B&ldcc+lNlplio l5Ms lllqdL 35.6tc 

1j(8&ldcc+2N3plil3) 3?.E7cl 18.07c t7.97 d 

Ta G6al d@ + 3 N sDlils) {5_51d 15.20d 

T!(Bsldoe+4Nsplils) 50.67 b 4E.21c 

Ti{B4ldo$+SNrplir!) 5C.53a 52.40b 

42.11 42.t I 

Figu6lollo*rd by rhc !m.l.rrats)sF 3i8'lilic.nrlydill.rcnt tP - 0.05) 

143

A.tuIs dt l Dbesion 

Sinrilarly, inte.acion for y@ and lreind5 snowcd lhc samc lqu.ncc and r4urts 

d@ictiog variaioN lor lqtmot mcs v.l!.! fot bth thc t!s. T.ble F.al.d $ai 

T! rcmlincd ur tot, followod by Ti T. and Tr 5howntg $nc trcvious scqudc€ lh.t 

wnn inc@scd nlmber ofN !Dlil!, lqv6 wcd incM.d aDd ticc v€64. as @mpareij 

10 Tr in shicb only bdal dN ol N ws us.d. As l4v6 ctc a@d ftctori6 of pla ! 

which syrlhcsi^ lood r6wcs lhough plDtcynlh6is *hic[ ultnMlcly hclt Dllrls 

aor bdlcr yictds, So. il c.n als bc lrguol lnd noN NFhcr Df slctr's. {r hcirnl otthc 

ola s, thc nor ldv6 w@ prcduccd by th. pl.nls in coft.nEd trc.lmdl' Simalar 

Gulls *erc rcponcd by Robcris d/ /. (1t82) thal splil 4plicalion poduccd mor. 

lov6 pldar. Similrly, M.hho.d (2m2) cpon.d lh.r mdimuh numba of nim8cn 

splirs pFduc.d ndinm nunbcr of lav6 pl&a'. 

4.? fl.lgtt oa l|. plut Gn): 

Arulysir of d!t! {App. 107) El.tcd to pldt h.iglt indicalcd significdt cultt fd 

r@unoG, lhowin8 |h.r n rhwcd hdinh (,16.03 cn) h.ishr or rhc Pldt. 

Tr and 

T. gol rh. ncxr po6nio|s, c?€rivdy alfiouSh Ti 5lood at pd wnh T6 wh@4, Tr 

{41.70 cm) w6 foud ro b. .r rhc bonom (T.b|. 4.7}. 

T.blc4.?t E|Idt of hor!.olc !ftr;ld s rpllt ryp[..do! o! h.lgll ol tl. 

Tr (B!$l do6e olnntoscn only) 

T, (Bal dG + | N tlir) 

41.00 c 

Tr (Ba8.l dc+ 2 N rplits) 

T. (Ba.l d@+ I N splil3) 

T.(BMld*+4 N 6phs) 

45.51! 

T6 (Bdal de + 5 N splik) 

Figls followcd by rh. emc ldkis) wdc lrg ficantlydifi.rcnl(P-0.05) 

Abovc rablc indiqrtcd rh.r !l.nt h.igbr w6 incB.d Er.dully wnh nnD86 splils 

ed vs @xinlF in c.s. of 5 stlib, which pdl.d lh.l nilogcn apili.d on.€ wN 

mr uerul. 6thd appli.d in 3plic Bpond.d wdl ,s n wd available all d'c fim.& 

whq rcquircd and nininum los mighl bc lhcE. th.l is ahy b€ll€r reulls wcrc 

obl.ir.d in cM of iturceliomh.r ofiitrcs.n sphs. Sintildr Bullt havc alrcdy 

bcd rcponcd by Jon88@., o/. {l'96) and Mandood (2002) who reporred thar 

miximun pl&t h.ighl ws not d in c.e ofsPli(ed niloScn or nDiimun nomber of

4.8 Nunb..oatrb.Epl.trar: 

R$nlts .nd Diturno" 

lnfdmalions relat€d lo lhi. laclor of srudy w.E coll.cd, subjdcd lo analysG of 

v xncc rccnriqu.s (At{ 108) shich ruvcrlcd sigtrilicrrr run'lrs lhr tc 'ncnls. 

lndicding sutenonry of Tr (5 N sphls) ov€r Est oa rhc tcarme.ts, lollow€d by T, {4 

N splils) and Tr (3 N splils), r€spcctively vheie6. T' (0 N split) wns lound lo be at 

bouonidE picrft*ill be rurlhct cls fnm lhe lEahrDt mqD lalues sho*n in lhe 

T{bl€4.8r Dfiat of itrorganlc nitroger rs split lppliotion on numb.r of 

T (S6al do:colniroscnonly) 

N".b*rr,b"-;t.nar l 

2 

l 

I,(B4srLd.s 

T,.(BrJldo,( r 5 Nsnlis) 

FigU6 lollo$ed bythc sme lclknsl *ft rignrn@nrly (P - u.05) 

'jrfer€nt 

So. it cotrfu hc conchrded lhrt more nunbq of rrbcrs Nere cornrd nr cisc ol 

lrcdm€nls h,ring norc nitnscn splils d conpaed to l6s nitregcn sptirs dd bel 

dowofnitogcni which dsoibes thar nnog.n applicd onc€ nighl have shown toss 

snd w4 nol alarlable l .ron. Wher6, in cac olincrcased numher of sptirs il *as 

atplied al difieE int.rals, lh6 mininum loss dd nariinnr ba.firs w€F 

obsded, scltrtrg mor. tube6plaitr,orir could be drglcd also rhdl iicreasql nunrbcr 

oastdns podlced norc Nnbcr oflub€u pleti. Th* rcsulls arc in confonriry Nitn 

th€ lindiogs of Shma md Ezqldcl (193) ed Malmood (2002) who rcponcd rhar 

ffort DUNbcr oftlbcs plafr wcr! rtuorded ii case oi sDlirlcd rrinogcD or incro4cd 

nunrber of nilrcsd splils 6 conparci to brsrl dose only. 

4,9 Tub$ weight platra' G): 

Obsralions colleclcd lor lhis epd of nudy *cr rnalyscd und prc5ctrtcd 4 

v.nancc lablc (App. ll)4), vnich rlcpi.red significdr colls ror ycnN. r@rmclrls ind 

hte@l'on. Best re$'lft wer shown byT. (500.00 d,lollowed by Ts (490 20 s) ard 

Tr (475 l0 s). Gpalively. wbcrcd. l6t p.silion Ns oc€upi€d by T, (326.60 g) in 

ehich minNun luber weighl *as rsorded. Mcan valucs lor all lhc rl@conponenls 

arc 6howD h the followinsbbl€.

llrr.'r'ioir 

L I B!!!!!-{a!y$s!dr! 

rr(B'sldo*+lN3plr) 

TriBaeldoq+lNspli, 

l {arir dcq +a Nsplnt 

r; (Bosr dd* ' 5 N sDt,rsl 

ErBt of ioorg.llc ninog.tr s split .pplic.rior o. t!b.r s.lght 

pl.rl (r) 

Fidtb lolloscd bythcsde lerknr$er.senrt!dll) Jrtfcrcnr il' -u.nrj 

458.t2 d 

Tlbd wciAhl plantr ws iftEecd ducrosplir apptication of nirregoraconped b 

b.sal dose whjcb indicakn $at nirosen was lvaitabte !l vdious sl!g6 dd uritized 

pDpcrly wh.r4, in c& orbel dm n nidl be 16r ud ss of t* us s t@r 

ctrlls @ obtained in this qF. These Esulrs aE supponed by prtlon (1990) who 

concluded that splir applicarion of DirroSd inc!€aed tubcr weighl ptanlr in ccc oa 

4.10 Tub.ryl.ld hr'r (kg): 

Ahlysisoaddn (AI'l). 109) fortrhq ricld hr', which dc|)ictstsi{nilic l difc(Dccs 

lhong tEatnrenl m€a valus. T6 (5 N sptils) prcduced nhximun yietd of23430 85 

kg htr, followed by Tr (4 N splnt &d n (3 N splitt which slvc 20s9O.Ot aDd 

193s9.71 kg hir rubq yield, drhough trotmcnl mon vatu6 showed ov€rtrp/ng 

condnio", While, T, (0 N sphl poduced minihum rub.! yietd of 14528.46 tg hrr 

(T,bba.l0). 

Tr.rm.nr 

l-' lBrsl do*.r n,troccn ontlj 

]i!g!!!rs_!fi!tr__ 

I$.ri!! !! 

r! (8a\lLdo* + I N sphu) !9lft,7l !q 

T. (Brel doe rr r s?h6) 

FkuB rollo*cd by rh. sc lcnd{.) *G siarin.drry d-rcHi(t=-oi5 

D.t. r€vealcd that wilh incFscd ntrdbe! oa njrogen sptns h.(lcr yickl was obscnd 

Md vre v.sa. Wlicb indicaled lhar sphred nitogen applicalions prcled ro bc berrr 

ovcr bel d@of nilrog€n.It nqnr in ce otbaet d@ onavail.bitirrofnnog.n { 

l{or sias.s nrighr havc a tinitug facror or tos6 nighr be horc conpaFtivety.

i- 

I 

Flg tt: Efct ol lnoraltc nlner fst||b.l s rDlt .pDlatdor o. llld 

yl.U (kg hi') dqbr lh€ y€.r r & II. 

t41

R6uhs dtd Di!flsion 

whil€, in c6e of splift€d niLrcgen application crot mighl ha!€ a unifom ad Esular 

Nrilabilily lhrouglrotrl ir6 growth pcnd Sihrhrly. rl cduld rls. bc argued thal 

lreatnrenG lravrg lallei plant, nDre nlmbcr oficrs ud leaves. ulrinrdrelypmdued 

'norc ruber yr€ld ha I. Similr resulls {crc !.poncd by viro (1971). RehnM c/,/ 

(l')31). |...tr[. r Klcir) {lr)37). ld ]crls irll l hcig (l')Nri) nnl W ldDll ,r r/. 

(1999) thalsplil applicalion ofnitrcg€n incrcas.d (ub.r yi.ld n.'oapolato crcp. 

4.ll Fr€sh foli,ge reight plant ' (g): 

Dnrucoll&lcd at rhe 16r slagc itr rcldion lo wcakly lblirgc w€ighl plant wore taken 

s lreslr folirgd wcighl rlanfr *hich w$ rnrlysc{l us m lMlysh ol varimce rablc 

(App. 94) which denonstrakd signifrcml diff€r€nccs for tErtmenls lDd yea6. Once 

asain T. (270.5) occupied lh. l"' !o!i(ion. 2i! rnd li' posilions qcrc obt.incd by T5 

(26J 3) and Ti (260.1). resp€ctively*hercas.l.st tosilion vas occrpicd byT' (175.5): 

whi.h iscl$r 1rotr, rl( L)llowi'rA trUe. 

fab|e4.ll! Eifet or inorernic nltrog.n.! sptit.pplic.iior on frch foliige 

T' (Bael dos of nituBen only) 

Frc|h foll&c *cllht Dl.rl 

Tr {BEl dN + 2 N sDlits) 

n {B@l do* + I N srliG) 

Tr (Bel dox +4 N spliB) 

T" (Bdl do* + 5 N splib) 

Figur6 tolloNed hy the sMe len.(tlee sienificdtlydiffcut (P = 0.05) 

233.53 b 

225.61^ 

Above amlgenr€nt oflralmcnt me{ lallca rcIl.crcd $al rs compared to bsal dose, 

split applicadon of nibosen perfomed well Similarly, incrcsen numbd ol splir 

atplications olsted less nunber ofsplil lpplicaiors which nrcans light, fr€quenl rnd 

reguhapplicarion of trirrogcn psfom{d ir ahcus{rt Nconjp^rcd ro single,heivy 

basal applicdlion h whicn nihger w4s nol propc y ulilizsd, Inlhcr wasted or had 

n€sarive inpacl. Thes€ Esulls arc ir1 cohfof,nity silh thc lindiD8s of Rob€ns .r !/ 

(1982)li stIr nitrogor amlicrrion iNrcNcd frcslr lblingcwciglr( phrt I in potutocs 

4,12 Foli,se dry weisht Dhrar (g): 

Obwdions ror dried loljase pldnfr wce r@ordcd d subjstcd to analysis of 

vanuce rechniqud (App. I l0) whi.h depicrcd si8nilicmt dificrencc rmong lstmenl

ReIa did Ditcutnon 

hean v4lu6. Ttr (5 N splirs) suFrc€de, atl oth€r rreatd€nls with 32.51s dn.d loli4c 

weighr pldl-r. lollowed by Ts (4 N lplitt forwhich 29.00 Bdried foliag€ w.ight *6 

horrd, While. 'l (0 N sflit) dud Ddor rc$rtLs tIvirrg ]0.,1,) g ttriurt ti,tingc $uighl 

pllnr'. Trcatnrnt mee lrrues de lislcd in rhe iolto*ingr.btc. 

'|. Dle4.l2r llffcct or inorg.oic nltrogd n! sttl .opticrrion on toti.Cr drt 

- .----. - rqs!!-p!4.' (s) 

Drl..l aoliepe s.iett Dl.na' 

'L(B$d 

lrl 

do* olnrrmscn only) 20 

]i(Bel do$ + I Nspnt) 2J l4 

Tr (Bel do* + 2 N splrrs) 

T.tAeldo* + I N sDlic) 28.06 hc 

Tr (86aldo* 14 N sDlils) 29.00 b 

T!(Blraldo* + 5 Nsplitsl 12.51a 

Fisrr.s follo\cd \yrhesame lenedsrwdesrgD.ncanltJ d,rTeEnr Lp o0ij 

So, argumcfis cmployed for Drevioo, t)nnnEterc could iho bd consntcred vtrtit hcrc 

s rDr vcscLrrivc srcqlh dlc lo ircr.$cd ourbut ol N sptits. rkrc drid lblirsc 

weighr pldr I w6 noted dd vicc vee. Sinilar resutrs *cre rcroded by Robcns d d/. 

(1932) lhal fohasc dry weisht plant' in lorllo 

njtbsL.n c comparsl ro bel dosc onlt 

i.la T!bc. dry w€isht !l0rr(s): 

was nEq$n h cas orsp|ntcd 

lnfonnltions on dried *eignl planl-r q€rc ohainaj. amgcd &d anat)s€d using 

lledald statistical lahniqu6 iApp. I I I) which r.voled significant resulrs indicatints 

doDitrDc. 0lT6 (5 splls) oler resl of tn€ realmenrs. Seond tud td positions Beru 

@ctrpisd by Tr and Tr, resp€ctively whercs, Tt r€manr€d at par to T6 and Tl Brs 

foud lo be dl pft wirh Tr ddTr (0 N splir) which s usualrcmained ar bouom forlhis 

Lclot oisludy (Tablc 4,l3). 

I.ble4.lJr Efidtrolitrmgatric nlrrog.n.rlptir rppti(..ion on (uber dry ftishl 

h!g+!!tl9!:ol]ll!9!S!!!ll' 

'L(Be'ldos + I N.!lit) 

Tuber dry w.igbl pl.nf' 

lo-s.4 " 

2 102.80b 

l 

Tr(S$Jldosc+4N!pl's) 

5 lt220J 

Frsrrcs lollotred bv rhe sdr lelle :' we siAtllcrntly diffcRnrrP O05, 

-- 

t4,

F.snlts and Diytssio, 

ll could be ob$ded that lMtm.nrs showing hctrcr rusponsc h sphrcd nilbscn. 

snosel bct.r 6ulrs ifl rhis cas ako b€a6c NoE wrs rhe ach luhs weighr or 

,i€ld- more dried rub€r veishr s6 r*onlcd in t|[ €n

415 Tnbdrdry nltter p.n.rt.ge: 

Ra!tus cad Disusioa 

Obscrvarions penainins lo rub4 dry mtcr p.rcentag€ wcE tahen, orsuizcd and 

urlysol rhough stind.rd @lyris ofvriec. r{hniqu6 (App. I lt) which snowcd 

sistificol dilTemcs mons tstmor. n@ v!1u6. Ti (5 N splits) 3howcd b6t 

r€sul|s lor thn faclor of sludy, lolloved by Tr (3 N q,lits) and T5 (4 N sptits), 

cpetiv€ly. \{herc*, Tr i0 N sph) snowed poor resulls d shorn in labl€ 4.15. 

T.tlc4.l5t Elret oa l.org$ic ril.o€.r rs rptr r!'pll..rlotr on rd.r dry 

!r lpllqLdosc of niross only) 2l,loc 

IrlqJlal doe + 21.17 c 

2 

llBa !ldoP + I N splils) 2l.90 a 

T. (Bsal dose 14N 

+5N ePllt 

F,gur6 folln*clhy rhc sm ldr.4\r wm s'$nncJnrlvdrficrcnt {t i,0t) 

^Jn-- 

Allhough apFrcntly difl@rs lookcd negligiblc but wdc foud lo bc sigiificinl 

wirh ovcrlappin8 lcsultr Abo!€ picture depictcd thal nrber qrnlity wds noied to bc 

impbvdr wnh 'nficscd numbcr ol nitogcn spli$. As rubfdry nEller isr crilsion ro 

d$s lub€r nnc.ul diewy qlahly ud bulting clpa.ity. Highcr dre dry maller %, 

les6 will bo thc moisluie %, qhich will ultindcly play a relc in tccdng qrality and 

Flnsporlalion of lh. produce, Th€* Bulls d. diIl€ml frcm lh€ findings oacu.rda 

cr,I (1994) who rcporrcrl thal ncg{iv€ rcl ion exisred hqcm tuber dry m.n€r ed 

nitrlgcn doses, On ihe otbq hdrd, Vos (1999) concluded lnal splitlcd nitog.n had no 

sigrficilnl cfaect on lub€r dry natld conrenrs WhereG, in prcsent srudis namved 

difTftoc6 vcrc oh*rycd b.tren rMrncnt non valucs lor rlris prrunrclci 

.1.16 Tuber noirture p.rc.nt.g.l 

Anrlys's oadata (App. I 14) rclated !o ruber moislure percenkSe relcaled lignincdl 

Gtrlrs for lrc.rmctrts, indicarinS elp.riorily oi T' (o N qrlit) wifi ?8 1flo oisluN 

@nte$, aollowed by T) (l N splil) ed Tr (2 N lplns) whercG. Tr (l N splils) and T,, 

(5 N sphrs) sccurcd 5'i and 6Lh position remaiDirg a( par wi(h cdch orlrer (Tdblc 4.16). 

l5l

inorAan( nirrogen re tplir lppll. lon on tubcr noi\turt 

T1(Basaldosc+2N splnt 

1r 0lts'tl nosc + .l \alirx) 

T.(BBoldo\c +4 N spliB 

T!, (gdal do* + 5 N sphrs 

FisuB lollovcd by lh. shc leller{s) l* si8ni ncedv diaferenl (P = 0 05) 

As lhis d.la wd deived from dala on dry ma(cr %, s lr€lncnts shouing narimun 

dry fldler % showed mininum noislure % and vice lesa Ahhough, thir astecl 

c tul hc jrdgcd snnply d {p.lcnlly nnd grovcBdo trol borher lbr il. cvcn ii isof 

srcal inuonnnce wnich can play . ole aot hnndlinB .nd kccping dunlion of lhc 

6mnDdny. Ulrinalely, moirturc l(scan.cducc the veisht,nd affecr shelaljleoa 

ltored lubes. So. il sN comluded lhat basal bitros€n dose and lcss lumbd orsllils 

showed increGed percent.ge of noi$ure willin ibe tuh€6 !s conpaEd lo nDrc 

nunh{ of nilrogen spliG, So, it could bc ciplnincd thal qralirv ol tube6 could bc 

inlpo{rl by Js.sins noislurc pcrce .gc lhbuSh splillol niroScn Qplicalion. N 

ntorc roislurc Frccntr8c, l6s will b. thc urbcr sp€ific gr.vilv md dry n1:'llur 

terc.nrage 

These r6ults arc confimed indircctly bv cuard{ c/ r/ (1994) who 

Eponed lhat nesatile relalio. ws obsded bclw€en nilrcgen dose and drv martcr 

contcnts oa rlE tub6; $, ildry naft€r will bc d@re6ed, noisturc percslas€ will b. 

ircrescd qhich supporr our r€sulls. Sinil4tn Lin e! ar (2004) coichdcd lhal highcr 

nifiogen le!€ls de(esed tub€r specific Sravilyi $ dry m,rtcr conlenc will bc 

decrcascd .nd aulonadcally incr€ded mohlurc percenlag€ sill be noted in cdc ol 

b6aldccoa.iftg€n as conpded to sPli[.d lig]l dossolniloScn 

4.1? Iober tord solobL tolids ('Brir): 

Rqulinls t)cniining lo $is qualilalivc Pr!!nc(.r qclc nood,.MlDaed nnalvsd hv 

srddnr

Raall' and Dirnsliot 

'l.bL4.l7! Fl|I6r ol imrg.nic dl.oA.tr c rptit rppti.rrion or tube. rohl 

roluhl.sotidt 

Tubtr'rSSCBrix) __ 

:r r (Q$al (!!rc .frll!riE!!!!ll_ 

5.tJ 

L19El!q! I l !!!hk) 

'1, (lli:\il(lok r 4 Nsdir$ 

Figue Iollowed by lhe 5m€ l€r.rrs I wsc jgn' ticmrly dificmr ip . O.Ot 

Ovcrall. il ould bc visualiz.d th.i thisquah ive asper of {!dy was rcl afT€rcd by 

(inrc ofapplic.lion or spliltcd .pplicarion of nir.ogen. Thar nieht be due lo eenclic 

matc ofrh€ honog..oB matdial oflhe en. vridy beins us€d. 

4.18 Tuber nitrogd.ont.nb or dry nrlerb.sis (%): 

tul! lor ogcn cohrents ot rlE rube8 welc collect€d shd anal'scd to gel ecura(c 

Bulls lhnush analysis of vanance lahniqucs (Am. 116) which indicarql mn- 

siSnificmt 6ulr. aor lr€arrnenrs, sh@ing supmacy of Tr (0 N spln). wh@d, Tr (4 

N sp|nt dd Ti O N splirt occupied the !6ond ld aod lal posnions, Espectivcly 

which is clw fFnTable4.l8. 

T.bl. 4.r3r ElI6( of lroig.ni. rirrog.n .s split lppliqtior on t!b.. nnrq.n 

t.6l Ns 

L(q!!l] 4!ra+!l!!!ll u 

!lE!!rl tlN+IN3rl 

hl&!4 !qY:i-lll!!! b) 

t52 

!.!L- 

t23 

Fi!!rs foUNcd by rhe we lcncns) wfts'snrficJnrtydirmr (P 0.051 

Above situalion Beded that for this qualiutire 6p4l tealnEnc snowing less 

vcgctat'le grcwih md yield reraihe{t no!. nitoem within the hrb.re. wlEreas, 

ocamdts wnh b€ftq yield h.d lB nitiogd due |o sreeth dilution f,cror ofnilmas. 

At nitrcBeD appli.d in mo@ number of spliG ws @nsuh.d in a b€ncr riy for gelfirg 

highcr yrclds Md wus mt rchincn withitr {lD robe6, coDndlulivciy. So, il could bc 

corcludcd thal nukitiv€ vahc wd foud to b. b€tls in cae or single blsl nirogdr 

dos ed upto I N spli6 s @nparcd 1o funn.. inceded nitrogei stlik, Th6e 6ulls 

3E srpporled iDdiMtly b, Kalenbsa dd Strnmowicz (1998). All0gr cr d1. (1999) 

l5l

Resuks dul Disesion 

and L zr ./. (2004) vbo tporied lhat hislEr niimsen doscs nEresed lubct nrlrogen 

corL.nrs wli'ch is clcff in cisc ofhnsnl ritoscn 0nPhcrr'otr whcrc nilogcn rvrs 

$DDlicd in r|r lbnD orsnub huvy dGc s coNpatd lo liSli nitogcn.pplicllion i" 

4,19 Tuber pfiosphorus conl.nk otrdry mntter basit(%): 

Anllysis of dntr (App. I 17) rcl €d to luber phospnorus contenrs showcd sie ficanl 

cuus aor rcalmqc. T? (l N splil) sup#cdcd other k thents, follosiry T' (0 N 

splil), whcio,s, smnd lasl and lasl posilions were ohaincd by Tl and T!,. 

rcspecrively, as dcrailed klow in Tabl€ 4.19 

T.bl.4l9: Efi.d of tno€..ic trilrugd s 3Pli{ .PPlictllon o! trb.r 

h6Dtoru! conLtrt3 or d 

Tr (Basal dosc olniliosen only) 

T, (Bel doso + I N sDlil) 

T.LBraldo*+lNsplilr) 

'1118!el(ldso 4 NsDlils) 

- 

5 N splirs) 

li t!4qltlgrj tl 

!?! q 

0.26 

^ 

0.2t b 

0.21 b 

0.21h 

rrgureilotto"cd by rie sme tateds) "d $gnrficdrlydrn.en' lP 005) 

lD lhis ct6c il could be dslcil lh.t trcalnicn$ sno*ing nlorc vicld aM lcgclalivc 

grcwth rehincd lcss P contcnlsduo to sowlh 

dilution ftclor ofPhosphor$ whcrcis. 

whcE ls yicld ws reordcd. P conrcnts wcrc compatulivclv nBcdcd ahhough 

difa@n€6 vcrc n€8li8ihlc dd es ls mained non-signi licanr. so nudrive qualitv 

ofrubenvd lound lo b€ bett4 in l'1dd 3'treatm€nls nr vhich nitrogen was apPl'cd 

as bael dosc ind in the iom of one splitl.d applicalion $ @nparsd lo Incredsed 

Nmbq ol splitcd tppliqtions oaMrogcn; \'hcro nitmgd *ts r€gullrly lpttlicd lnd 

urilized poperly tlong wi$ othcr esenlial clcmcnrs includiis phosphorus for bcllct 

loUciilivc growrlr rnd hilhcr yicl& 1'hrl is whv nhosDlptr\ i 

r.rained virhin rne tub6, simild Gults wm rcFn€d bv sF.now'cz dd 

l(alcmb$a (1998) NID rcponcd tha( hcavy dos oa r(rcgo cr'$cd tubcr 

plDspbonrs cont$ls, which suppon ourresulls. 

.1.20 Tub.r potssiud conl.nts on dry milter basn (%): 

Ob*ryalio.s aor K @nrcnG of tubd {.rc notedi or84izat ed Mlvsed bv 

codrucrirls anrlysis oflari{cc r:bl€ (App ll8) which relealed significant Bults 

t5.l

Resu0s aml Divnssiot 

for lreatnrcDls showing lop posilion ofT' (0 N split). Second snd drird positons qere 

oblained byT: (l N split) and Tr (2 N split ), Gp@livcly. lvhcrcas, T. (5 N splic) 

was loun{l ro bc bonon. Oveall. ovcrllpring cuhs nM namwed difer.ncs 

lrnonerculme iican valu€s wcre obscr€d which fc shown in Tablc4.20. 

Trble 4.20: Dtfd( ol imre.nic rirroge! G Bpli( lp}li..lid on tub.r pot63irm 

c.nrenk.n dn nrncr halit (il,l 

1L(B!:!l !!.i! gllrtpcllldrl- 

T: (Basilrlosc | | Nsplit) _ 

L(g_i4dge*zN"ptitO 

T1(B&l dose + 3 N splits 

Tr(Beldose+ 4 N spliB) 

-1.! 1 

T"(B6al duse + t N splils) 

!.58 d 

F,ir c" fo lo*cd b\.l,ceme krca.,re'e ns,,r,c.u_ yoiffc,c,r rP nn5r 

Above picrurc rcpealcd the lrevious story wnh DrnDr chanscs ir1 rclalron lo 

t@lnqfs order. l( v.s noled rhat T, (o N sph) rct.inql ndinrum K vnhin lhe 

tub€6 d Ninislm yield wd recordcd in lhis c6e, |ft€Mards Tr, Ti aDd T1 showed 

sinnlar $ulrs wh€reas. T. and T. showed conrpadilelv lcss K conlenls in ca* ol 

rlrbrNd( lo rnrwlh 

dil(nion frclor of|]or$si1N ArgntrNnls cnr ovld ircn*-olN 

nd P conlcnc could als be appli€d iere tbdl spliltcd hitbgen was consutued bv lhe 

cop pbpcrly along wilh olhd csri.l .lancms including polsiun a .omparql b 

bs0l dosc ofnilogen So, nnl ive quality ws found to be betlcr in cae of barl 

dosc (O N split) dd l6s nunbcr of nilrc8d sptits. whete poldsiun night not bc 

consuncd emcienlly and w6 Elain€d 6 slch sithio lhe tube6 Thcse |slls trc 

sul)Pon€d indi@tly bt ihc nf,diDss ofsymanowicz and Kilcnbtst (1t98) lhal higher 

do* ol nitogcn imprevcd tubcr potNrum conrenc 

:1,21 Tub€r(ud€prorefi conlenk ondry natt.r b.sis(r/o): 

Inlomalions lo. tubcr !tulein conleft weE codndcd *nh rhc help ot tubcr N 

contnls and w€tc subjccle

'I:(BNrldosu-rINsDhr) 

1,(4EL{"{l?}r jr,1t]L 

'li (Bael dosd + rN snrrls) 

1-r (Bel dos! +4 N rlirs) 

'f.(B6aldosc+ 5 N qilils) 

anorgrni. nihog.n .s splil 

otrdry'rtcrblsis(r1,1,) 

Rdtla ard D^.^nu 

aDpli.arion on cmde Dr.l.in 

Tib.r crrde D.ol.h cotrt.nts th' ) 

qll_ 

802 

l-'r, re. fo loved o. fic same lenesc' n!'e',gr,lr.rn'l) Jiltcr!nr rl' 0 05) 

AtEvc snonrion rclcalql tlur t ,hrcm Drcai ralus tulhNed rlic truvDus scqlcncc 

urlcFr otrc changc lha( T, (l N split) go1 1btrnh posrlron. shownrg son. trrtror 

chuges Ov$all, ir {ould be.lcrr fbn $e ubovc rlngen€d d$r T' (0 N qtltr) 

show€d coNFntivcly moE prolcirr F@enlagc si$in tlt lub.6 as compaEd lo ti (j 

N snllts) ltr whiclr Ninimmr fnncin 

pcrlcfl{gc *rs rtnrilcd whcrcis orLrt' 

lr.ahenls rcmain€d in bclsen rlEs lvo rFalmflts. shoNing non-significanl niinor 

Llifcrcnccs l ong rcmselves. So, n colld bu irgued lhrl lcrnncnls sh@rng lcs 

yreld Dorurlirl Drlduc.d tobcB ol hcll.r !udLiv! qunli(v rs corrDdrdl lD lr!$!cils 

$lue yicld Nd inctscd ed lice !d Anvhow. llis factor ol sludv em red 

trnafectcd by sphlcd dtplicdrion ofnirro8ei Thcse finditrgs.re inlirccllv cotrfinncd 

by Kalcmbtlro dd SynunoNicz { 1y)8), Alhga .r r/ ( 1999) and Lnr d d/ (2004) $ ho 

rcponed rh tubcr nilosd cor(cnls Ncrc irprovcd bv rhc al)plic ion ol hiBler 

trimsen leveh*hich ullimalcly rollcfl 10 tubc proten conlents 

CONCLUSTON: 

Thc fo I low inr concllsions have bccn m ade io$ lhc abolc nEntioncd cxpcrim cnl 

t Sllii applicalio. ofnirogen prcved ro be betrer .s compare(l ro a beldoseol 

> Pl0rr'r growLh ind yickl wasbcroir casc ol rrrxnnunr ntrnrber (fivc) ol 

> Bdrl dos of riLogen bchaEd coNpaFlivclv bclter ror ene quanr \e 

cl,r'rcrcm sfccrully rchrclllo n,i.tioml conrDosilnnr ol tubc's. rs conrlnu 0d Lo 

splir appli.alion of nnogcn.

- 

RNulls (td Dllessio" 

Elntc^cY or vARrotrs t,fvEl,s oF INoRGAN|(' 

NT-I'ROCDN: 

Rcirlls obhin.d ior Ertcrinorr'v arc bcnrgsunnnlrized n Drcscnrcd bclow: 

5,t Nunrbcrofdays tik€n lo tub.remergencc: 

Dar, ror this paruncls ofstud, aa collctcd and aralyscd by construcring unatysls 

ol variancc l$lc {App. 120) which cleiny dcMonslnrRl Nn sigiificart rcsults. 

rlrhlr,rh nri,rtr ni|f.'.rr!\ rn' h fi rh/!l1 rtron{ rlrrn.rr nHr vih,s ]\trr 

ho!. lrron lmldlop lilr rhis l)i,1trrcl$whirh k$k l$ 17tlnystnrrtrbursDu(trg. 

rollawed by Ir (17.s3) rvhdcus, Tr root nrniinnN (t7 uJ) drys lo spronr llr rubcrs. 

I rurrrnur nrrn \rh'.s u.'rimgrd n' rfu a.lld\nr! hblr. 

Trblc5.1r Elect ol variou! levels ol inoreitrtc nitrogen on number of d.!, 

- 

!11!! ls} rD ) 

a|(en lo tub.r.n.rg.r.e 

r7.1!l 

ssn'lirJrllr \liflcEnr ll' rrr'5) 

As cmeigcrce ollhc tube6 dspends cnlnell otr intc0lt.ondilion a gehctic nulc 

trp ol rft ( hcs, lljd n why trLhcj\ or'ltrc $urr \riicly hchr\.i snjit ty r d th. 

emc set ol mndnions. Al'b6t simihr Esutrs NeN rc?oncd bt'tich .,zr (199s) 

lh nilroscnrp0licntion rlid Dot ntr€t lrhcr cn,c'-'tcnc.. 

5,2 w..t ly .h€rge!.. p. rcenr.g.: 

Dah 6r enrcrsence perce ag. of rlrc rtrbds wcre co ccled sNkty trom l,'ro 5, 

weck alicr sowiDg ahd analysed scparalcly o oblairr lhc rc$,[s by consrruclilg 

ruDsis of vr.irrcc ribr.s (apD l2r-t23). 

I'Jonnalionr lor l'' wcck ancr $wnlg rcveated significan Nuhs whiclr shoNcd 

$'p0riorly ofTi (33.31%)i fo|owcd by Tr {36 07,rr. t.r (16.679;) I Tr (15.24,2,) 

whth stood drc par with s&h othr. Wheos, Tr (tl.t9%) ron.iied al ho otr1. 

Ovcralli trualDenl heao valu€s lollo*ci ascqucnc! ofT,,.1r.1., T,, T:_T, md T ih. 

Dara lor lounh w@k aner sosi.g sho*cd significr Butts aor ke|mcnls rtrd 

s1g'incanr ior yem accoding ro which Ti, renained al lop wtltr 64 76% cftersencc, 

] 

I 

l

; 

; 

: 

E 

F 

s 

Fig lJ: 

Elt ct ol varlou inorg..tc 

en.rger c. p..c.!hg. dr rt.8 

nltrog€r f.rtllizer ld.h 

lt8

R^rl^ tt4 D^.l!rio, 

ioll{Ncd b} ft (61.10%) arld Tr (6167,%) \'|]crcN. T (50.24,r,) sccurcd lhc Insl 

I'osrlron. Trc Dom Non valrcs followed ! scqrcnce ofn' Il.1r. I;, ll. Tr Md Tl 

ir',1(:..nlii,rdnl.T Mextr vrlrtr\ lir v.I\ .1,i\.trh lo\ 

Strnil lJr. rc*lrs tu fifih scck rtlcr s)wirs qcr irtrNt lo h s]snifiotrt ftr 

rur.rMls and sigtriica.r for yqB which dcdonsrBrql 3uprenr.cy ot tr (90,43%) 

lollowed by Ts (88,57%) and Tr (87.62y0), whiic T, showcd poor rcsutls (79 76%). 

l cJrnrcnt nrc.n v,lucs followcd a s€qtr.nc. ofTi. Tr. T! T,. Tr, Tr a.d Tr in 

'lc$endrngordqvhcrcrs, nq'r !-!lues for bolh rhc ycd ur given bctorv: 

Dala lor rhcs.le intcrals{l"rro 5'ld*.ibed rtht cnDBcncs tcrcorrngc giadunly 

rrcrcisul ir .rsc .l rll rhe krrnud\. whn1, ,s (tric rr(rrt Sirnitrrty. r rtr 

lretrtncnts sl'owed be(crEsultsas cohp ed roconlrot. A bargrifh torthesvc.ltl 

nleRali sill tunncrclqr thc picrurc. 

5.1 Tolal edergence p.rcenr.gc: 

Udcrgcncc pcrccnlagc for dr lrsl i cMt(r'r'$.cUw6cons cNl {trakorsrhc 

lolalsprouirrg pcrccntage. for which dab wcr!co $lcd ard rutyscd bycohstrucli|g 

anrbsis oa vdianc€ rabl€ (App. l2l). 

Ddtr rcvqlsl rignificrnr ellts tor 

'ed 

drd rrc{rments tor rhich rEan vatu.s !e 

$angcd [cl0w irr Trb]c 5.1 

'frble53: Drer of v.rtoos ld.k of tmrsr.ic .itbg.. on roi.t .mr3erc 

_- [!4q!1SL 

ljisuc tolloqcd by dE samc t€rGnsl . -rl--]!i. '_ _ 

tr€.csisrific llyJilfcrent (P = 0.05) 

86.60

trc *oul{l \isurliz€ from lhc.bovc f'clurc lhar alllhe rct|l'nctrls hcIdlel iI I bcitcr 

ry as (NpJfod ro oonloL, liflhcr, orc ud.JLLdso r[rr c .rgcftc porcc rgc 

creGed upro 250 kg N ha r. lalr on n ddrca*d. ll is quile clcar, naluEl and 

n{l.rsbnd$le thal p@r Bulls werr oh|'nEd wilhod lhc rppticrlion ofnitoSen lnd 

hun aalu.lly icsults improval qrro I limn (250 kg N ha ) lnd finrlly dcctined 6 

exccsivc dose of nirregd (100 tg ha,) Dishl had nesatir. inrpact Th€F 6otrs rrc 

tr rgMrrc rr srlh lhrt .l yttrbrrr? (tt')3) sx, 'cton.rtrtjrt hr rnrLlt n(ritirfr 

showdl miximum tuho emerg.ncc tercenlagc. Simitdly. Mrhmod (2002) Eponql 

rbll naxmum cmerg€ncc F cqlage {4 nored in cse of 250 tg tritDgcn har. 

s.4 $(rltroI.S.rndtuberw.tghtpt..t|( ; 

5,.1,1 $(ct|v tolir*c wcisht rlDrarts,: 

Drld lor llis nirnnrcrcr olsxdy wN coll{lci xr t{] ditturcrt Ncckty irtcBals (7'f to 

16 ), .nalyscd sLnrmtcly lor c.cn i' wrt by cotrslru€ling anulysis ot.vanance kblc 

)p.l2,l-l:rrldd harhncrr nrc r vniLu ttr lh.-- vrrous irr.r s \!cr lurk, 

n Trblc 5 J l. Now, Esutls hr (h s vrfors i tcraak d.c nruscllc(t rnrt dhctrs{^(j 

bles.4,l: Dfi€ct of lartous leleb or inorBrnic nftrogcn o! *ekt! toli.se 

,. "" ",:lr"flii'fh,, r'i \tr r', $,r r\,, t\r, rwi I 

-r . f nnl-,!ntn-, f *-,-,.,. r:. . i :, .,, l .*-r ,.,, ,, I 

', ,j. 1 ,.i,.J ,,,:, l ,r i 1 ,. l l,.r, l ^.^ 

"r''.. -;---;dF i.Fie r-!' :s :*",-r*i- 

I-!Id l( |' I r r I r 

| . [- ,r- I,l# I ..; "r- i i_ I ,]"i "," I 

l.j r", l,rrrl-.i t:,." "-t." "."1,,,."t,,,.,. 

'-lri.. 1.e.ffiffi..', ,.i. 1 t., 1,.i 1,,,i,, t., 

'l ' 

-*1,";n1 1 "i- H"rl il 

"+-. "ltf,ir r'-.1-' 1 

su'€s fo o*€d by rhe smc kre(s) G",igl,ir@"dy diff.circ =-jtt;; ro b" 

ad @plrnrcly lor eeh coh'mn twcnkl 

bseraln s for 7" wcck showcd sjtsnifiont rsults |nr lrcat,rcnls showrr8 

sutcnonly ol 1-!, (109.80 g), fottoqcd by 1. {loj :!) s) Md t.r (94.75 g) whcrcd, l 

r?l ll gj NrDrd a hchorcr

R6ults rn.l A*"sioi 

l'raonDaliors r..ordcd lor 3r' \rcck for lolirsc (cishl tlnDl shd$.n sigtrilicnrL 

dialerenc+ lbr lrealnrctrrs Trcrrncit me{n !alues followcd rhc samc prelidrs 

seqtr.ncc (l !.. T1. n, Tr, Tr. T: rnd t r) in d6cctrdirlg dnlcrishosnrg strprmry ol l., 

(117.201)o\.rdlorlrr rr€tDctrls. ahrlc Tr (85.4: g)'onr!tuc! !l rh. horlo 

Rcndirres rcl.rld to phit foh4c lor 9'" wccl dct].(cd sisnificNr resrhs ftn 

rc m€nls. T. dohindcd o\s.ll oftcr rearnen$ *nh (:05.6Ir gt loliage aottoqql 

bl f5 d 'lr producing (19r.70 s dM 132.5 g) lblirsc p[nL . r.speclivcly wher0us. 

T sho* cll tror rcsrlh dnd nmlr.d h,n,innN ( l l,l 70 g) lolir{e wcishr ptMt r. 

D,ra ror l0ir'$cct $cE found b be sjgnificant. sho$ nlg I'L posnion otT,, (246.80 g) 

olsresl o rrc ntdtNcnrs, rolloNc! ht T! (215 60I nnn Tr (205.10 s). rcqr{rivc y 

whrlc.TL rcnDiDcd!tllrcbo ornryirhnrirri trDr totirgc*c'sh'of(r.r?:los). 

Info.n,totrs corccmcd lor I l'r'wcok showcd signiticant rcsuls br nlatDcDls Nhrclr 

lbllowedllrcsrfrcpr.viouspu cnr(ti,.ti. fr. j,. fr.T:rrdt ),showingdomin!ncc 

or r. (270.10 g) over allothcr lrc rncnls \h.!.rs t, (t7et,0 s) r..s tolnd r, nl 

ObNrvrrNrs collccruJ lnr t:l'r'ruct rcycrtot si!rlrtcnrt rtilterucos rtrrors 

lrc cnrs 'ncrtr erlocs. Ti, snltrcdtcrt othc lNrrucnrs \ilt high6r thhngc N.jsht ol 

110.5 g lbllowcd by 15 @d Tr which produccd totiase oft07.0 s and 2s6.1 s. 

Dak rchrud ro l3'r' wcck d+icldt sigDincr rusulb lnr rc n.nls \hr.rr lgtrn 

showed n'Deiorily orT. fld poor pcrronldnce oJ T,. Ovcru|. r 

lollowed r seqtrcnce olT. (352.10 g), Tj {115.80 g), Tr (300.70 g), T? (29l.EO s), tr 

I:$|.60 s)-'1. (156.60 g a l-, (2,r.r.to s), cDlrtir c\ i,, d!a(.nn[A ontcr 

ObsewarnrB aor pldt loliagc in retd(ion !o l4 ,wNk ii!icared sigritcanr rcstrlts tor 

LrInrrI r, s!.n.(l l'i tb\irrnr \h.,ttr. 1 nhrxn,ntrh. t.^,rN r\nrn, 

l bmar bns cdllcctcd for 151'wek forrhjs pdrrlete. rcvcated sigrificanl autts lir 

trerhetrl$ Alr lruatncit mcar lalies showed ihnosr simc sequencc *irh nri|or 

vrridioN hul sdh duchr{ ttr'rDoty ot tutirsr Lutrrrrr ,r!n \rtN: n,tbv(t I 

sqt!€ncc or Tr,,'15. Tr. Tr. Tr. l'r and Tr producinS toli,sc ofloT 60.:86 30.262 ?0. 

248 50, 2.18 20.240.10rnd 20O 90 $ respectivcty.

e 

1,. 

- 

o 

Fig lt: 

EIt*l or v.rlow lmrg,nlc nitrogo f€rrifiar 

w€igh plef drrbg rn. ye.r I & n. 

t62

R6ths dnd ltis.rfioa 

Dlu lbr l6'i {eck lor rhis facror oislldy indicared siBnificmr resuhs lor r@lnEnrs. 

T(, r.maiocd !rllrc lop N,ln 240.t02 g aoliagc,followc{ hy T5rnd lr $hich p.oiloccrl 

lolrdgcol2r):l ltonnd 202 20 g. rspellvely. Whcrcls. T Uoduccrlnirri rn(126.?0 

lir rh$c $rerlt collccrcLl irtlonnrlhh r,r tlatrr li,li:qr dnc \orhl risurltc Inil n 

all lhe ci6es fdirge vcighr gmdurlly imredscd upto t4" wcckly inlcrvit. lxtcr on ir 

sinld lo dLilnrc gradurlly beaue ol wi$erirg and drynrg ol rnrus Snnitarty. il {s 

.rn' obsorv.,t thrl irrcrcscd l.lcls of trhrug crNsL\l ri i'rcro{s.n trodtrcljon ol' 

foliage comparcd ro coirbl (0 ts N ht') cxccpr Tr (300 kg N lrrr) wnich slbN.d 

n.glrivc ruponsc ro .r.6sirc ttosc ot nnrogcn lI rtt r shgcs. A b 8nph bcnrg 

tNscnred will liLrther nrke ir cdy to Mdc6rind sinlihf rcsutts trilc dr€dy bccr 

rponcd bt Moll (1981) dul iDcrc.sed nitrogcD aDpticnrion showqt he o Dtair 

5,4.2 w.ckly tlberw.ighr perpt.!t(g): 

Drla lo! rhis pfllhercr sN hkcn wce|y nonr 7 , to l6L, wect. rnrtyscd et hlctt 

forcaci i crvrl having bcd n'bjstcd ro anatlsis orvtrdnce rccnDiqucs (App, t3r- 

l4l) md thcD trcnrhcnl nqn ratucs ucrc anzngcd toconsliucr I tfttd 5.4.2. R6utr\ 

lnrdificrcnt wcctr rc bci|g prlsrrrc(t trow r discrssc hctor. rccofttinsly 

Trbhit.l: Etticttof qriolur t.v.k ot itrorxrnic ritroso on wetb rtrber 

ri.1*?ffii;f.ui 

,l l,-1.*.1 I l-f",1' .1,,1,- 

i4 

i''l 

l::J 

..r0 rild 

ra'd scparately for e&h columr (wcakl 

Datr ror 7'' trelt shdwcd significad 6ulb for IrcihEDrs. ifrtic.ling t" position of 

T. (2061 s) lollowed by T5 (17.87 g) and Tr (t5 |] 8), reslecrilcty wllerc0s, i 

ser€d rhc lo\csl posnion vilh 8.31sruberwcishl.

lilbnhtnn$ ror 3r'weck dcpicLcd signific t rcsulli ror lrctrlNcnls ahi.h rcvcrlcd 

do'nnrNe.r"f,, (.18.:0 g), scoNl Nsilion $:Ls (Etupiql ht Ti l.l{r.e7 s) whnns 

lo\vsl Dociln,, wNohloncd hyT (1680s). 

()hsrvili,fN hr(,'r'sL{k 'lrt.k\l sigriliutrr r.strllr hr lr.rhnrnrs wnidr.lurh 

s|!rvdlstrt'r.r'n.t ol"l;(7: Nti g) ov!rrlloLh.' Lulrn.trls secon(lrtrd.] lbsiLrofl 

lcru occtrficd by f5 (61.4? s) Md Ta (56.41 r), r.spL\(lvclt. wnilc, lj dbNc(l 

nnnhrunr {.1(r:B s)l'rhrsnshr lcr flinl. 

R.rtlngs BL[cn b lo't wcck for ruhcr scighr pcr plmr itrdicrr€d siSnificrtrr 

difftrcnes lnDng realno m€ar valu6. R6ults dcfronsrdql donina.ce of 1,, 

i ll') l0 g). bllowod by Tr (l ll) r)0 $ *lrcr!N, hn porition wN Gcup ql by 'l 

(5147g) 

hrlbflnations 'rued lo tubcr Ncishr l]er planl lbr ll'r wcek rcvcrlcd sistrificnt rc$rlls 

ldr rrcnlnrctrrs rhowing supm&y of T6 (22r.:0 g)o\cr.esl oarhc trcdm€nrs. Seo'ld 

Jnd 3"'pdsnioN wcrc occlpicd Ly T. (20140 a) md Tr (179.10 s). rcspccrivcty 

whrlq T' (t)l47 g) obhnEd rhc laslposiloD. 

Ohsendior$ conccmcd to luher wcishr plsnf aor l2!i {cct intcrvot reuocrcn up.r 

sigrificanlrcsuhswhichindicalcdrhlrT6(261.60g)supcrc(tL{Dstof$errc nE s, 

fo lowcn by T5 (237.10 g) lnd Tr (206.J0 g). rcapecrircty rvhcrcis, T! (ll9.l0 !l 

hrnffdions rclatcd ro rub.r !eight pt,nrr tor t:r i\vcet irlcrvit dqjicred signific l 

rcsulk ldr ftllmenls, shoslns supcrioiny of 1! tl03 :0 g) ovcrolhcr rc hcnrs tr 

(287.90 g) md lr (247.70 g) sot 2d d l |Dsitions. rcspccliLcty shcM, tL 

(167 6l) g) '.mriiD(l ( lhc bo(onr 

Rudings 'clrtql to l4Li w@k i c.vrt tor lhis tdcto. ofsludy shd*ci sisnilic l 

'c$Lllsli) lrcnrMts. l! i3a7:]1)g)grnrhc L' n\r onNhr'rxi. L ( t}r5{r!)sr(tr,fl| 

Dr(a lor 15'*eek in rcldtion lo pldt tubcr wclghr dcpided srgnificonr rcnrtls 

showtrrB rhc sruc nruvious sillrrion. Nirh Dugtigihtc nrrcrsc ihh idcnrl. 

'lioalirei{ frcan !rlu6 lolLowed tr seluctrco ol li (:16r.8r) s). l'. (rt2{)0 s). tr 

(267 80 s),'lr (206.?0 g), l r (242.5r) 9. t: (2I:r:o g) lrl t, ( |tl 7r) 9. rcsperid)

e 

I 

t 

e 

Flg l5l 

Etled or vlriou! Inorgrlic trilmgeD lerrtltrer l.rck on $eekly tub.r 

$.lgh. pl.!t durhpO.te..| & tt.

R5nltr and Diwssion 

Ohsdlriors esardins veckly rubfweighl plint' lor 16" $rL't dcficlcd sigtrific r 

!s'lN lor i.rlnrtrrr w,lh ncghgrhlc iicrcNc ir tub$ wcishlshich sl$wcn lhcsinr. 

prcvior3 tdnd a\l dominancc olTi,ll72.4l) g) ovq tosl old[ rrcrhNnG *hc@s I ' 

(196.20s) rc llncd .t Ihc bouonl 

So. onc world visu.lizc fbm rh. inlomFlions ElurL{ to lu$cr \rcight planar lor lo 

ilerc trr.'arLs (7 ' b l(' ) rhil lrb.r *cighr s'!,LtrrlLy iN'dsrJ rll rl[ cascs 

$ith pas*rsc ol rimc. Conrol showed incrcase but lN $ onrnrrcd 1o rll odB 

rildlneors '1. (250 kB N hd ) rtDrdirred besr ln rhis case. 2'' d lil)osiriotr$ wcG 

€cq'cd by T5 (200 kg N h. ) and-fr (150 ks N ha '). .sparilely. Whe16, It {lot) 

rg N ha ) s[owcd dalining leid at .11 t]E intervrk slrowirlg trca ive inrpicl ol 

cxc6siv. nitogcn whicn is qunc csy lo und$land. 

Sinrilarly il waals norod Lhar ar lasl nvo iiileryik lIerc N0s no or rcglisibte incrcnc 

in rubd trcighl which indi.aled rh{r soslh wd .qsd d il ss just a maNnty 

Alwgrqrh Inr li.$ l0 dillcont i cnnLs hci'rg Fccnrut wilt trl:|kc D piclur. 

tullher clcur Thcse resulG are h lihc wilh llE tindirgs ofRoy and ldhwal (1998) thrr 

nilrcscn nrrcr*(l lr|!r gmtr$ Dtnil I. 

5.5 Number ol.erlrl si€m ptNnfr: 

Inlon.lions ror ntrnrber ol $mrs planfr wc€ cotl{tcd atrd iMt)6ed lhroush nnrtrsis 

ol !iirafcc lable (App. 144) wIich indicated signific.nr rcsot$ for rrc,tmenls. 

Ev@hng suprcnucy of 'li whiclr poduc.{ nDrimu (t.e3) trurls ot sr€ms. 

lollovcd by Tr (3.s3) and n (3.47) wh€rcs, Ir rcffanNd !l lljc bottom wilh 2.s 

flumbff of nms plet '. T@rncnt md valus arc amnged in lh. ao oving tnble. 

.-T-rLq\ !',r 

I. (2no l! N hr 'l 

N"-b..oi;n,ir.^ rtr"r- 

2.80d 

-1.!.1L 

'trO00lsN hd I 

F,suG follotrcd hy tnc sde t€n"nir ""rc s'g,'t'oiill a'li","urrp = 0 0t)

Rd hs drl Dlwslon 

I r L.srablishud facr lhat sl€nN suppon lcrrcs rvhich synrhLsi/i a@l lor pla 

$tr\rvil. Si['{lr. lcacralire gr!$rh k dcpendenr trpotr rnroscn sutply So. orc 

\ronld clctrly judgc fDr rc Jhovc ticruc lhlr coorDl (No riltug.n) sho{dl Fxr 

re$rhs and thcn gr.dual incE6c ir nunber ofsrehs plrnfr w$ nored rplo 250lS N 

ha , lncsJRrs ra,nr nurnh$ ol stcrN scrc rcduc.d \vhich D,.os c\ccsivc dosc ol 

nilrogcnmishrludn€BatneifrprcllovardsdrisaspcrorstudyTh6esi!.jficdrhur 

tr$o$r(l (lLl.n .s rr $' r,' .!l hv vvr i ! / // l lt!)7),rtr1 ( l!r)r) wh!,,f tl, ktl 

lhar b.lnnccd trutnio. podrc€d Dr iNor nunrbdofsrcns plr i. Whc\..Ns,Olivcird 

(2001) reloncl rlrd muimun nunlher ofsrctus wcr. rcrcd in cNe or 20O ks N h! 

on thc othcr h J. vokdl ( l93l) ellon€d thd Dnror.n lcvclsdiJ nol rllol tru'nbLrol' 

5.6 Nunrber of l..r.i ptrrr: 

Dala for this hcbr of srldy wcrc.oll€cled md dttryed usi[! dalysis otyanrmc 

tschDiqucs{ pp. l45) w[ich dcnronslrulL! signiu.$l rcsutrs lbrycm$d sisliljc$l 

rcsnls ror tontrtrcnls. Mriinnu Nn$d ot tdxv.s $cru r(oftlc{ h.i* of t,, 

(55l7). followql ht Tr nml 'fr i0 *hich 52.?l rn(l 45 t0 rrnnro ot tc0vcs \cr! 

ohseryed, Bp€liy€ly.I j sho*ed p@rtclommrrc nnd prduccd nlili'num (12.571 

nunrbcrollcdvos plant . Nlcni vrloes Jnr (rorlncrtsnntty.rs{rsho*tr in t.rbtc5 (r 

*":*= i,Tttt',,tt,r rdch or rnors,nic ni'roee! on numb.r or r.rrcs 

f|( 

-o 

ks N h;l -u57t 

trffi';- 

'r', 

r rin k; N hujr 

5,2.i7 b 

.ltjnr! N r' ) rt rn,l 

I igura rb.lu$el o, rhc srin h rrcnrj \,'r !g'rrn Jntb Jrlrq$r (t, o ut) 

As ir is knour t[al lc.vcs aE Dlnnr terorics Nhich t(p].c liet tor pt l.s gosltr 

rnd yicld. NiLrlgq G wcll khosr to ttxy thc Ntc f{r vcgclllilc gnnvrh otltrc DtnNs. 

Thd is *hy i'rcr6ed trnrcgen show€d nrelr in nun$.. otlcn\ts l'l)to 25r) kg N 

i 

l

R.\nLr nnl lris.tttnrr 

l[ l-ard on Rluction in lcrl numb€6 sa nor{n vhicn means crccssite dosc dr 

nitrrgcn Irl ncgrlive impacl orr thisaspcctolvcgclilivc grbwlh Sin I ldr resrrlts wcru 

rcporrL{ by Annodr n.d Kishtr4tr (l')9')) d Olivoitd (l0r)0) $ho chi d(l rhtrl 

hiShcr lcKl.l trirogcn iNrcNL{ nxmbcroalqves nlanl' iI polato cmr 

5.7 llfirlrrrlt[(t,lnnr{(nD; 

l)ala lbrhcrshl ol lhcplanl*!scolleclcd.truDgeda suhjccrcd lo slllislicrl ully!{ 

l6hniqu6 {Apn. l,t6) which clqrly avealed sigtilicanl rcsults lor y€a6 aid 

lrrcr&rn uhile significnnr Nsuhs nr l|$1 crls, shoNirrg (lonritritrc. ofT,, Nhi!h 

pnirccn lllbsl Dlinls ol47.10 co hcign( |blloNql hy l. (.1651ronD wh€rcas. I 

sln,wql por to\nhs hy pdn'cins sfiorlcsl (17 40 .nr) tl ls MMn hlos aor cr(h 

dornponcnr rr. 3hown in thc lollosingtdblc 

T.ble5.?r Efecl ol vorlous levels of inorg.nic nilrogen on helght of ll'0 

!!GE!e N h, l 

'!i',!rtl4l 

Iigu6 Lllo*c,l bJ rhpsdrlclkns| $ercrgn'fi!rnrlt!hllcrcnr rP =o.05) 

lr is clear tro$ lhe picrure Ihat conrrcl produced dwrrt sired flrnts, (hen sr ul 

iNrse nr pl l size ws obscrvcd uplo T,, (250 ks N hn ). lald o! deLine ii pldnl 

si/. was norcd ll istutdifllcllr lo unde6bnd rharnitbgcn aenilizcr.ncoungedpla 

gnisrhuttJrlinirahfcas.c\ccssircdos.shoNcdnclilivcitr,prcr'llDsc'cn'lhr'I 

lupponcn hy Snrgh .r,/ (2(n0) who cofchdcd rhd( lr clsc ofhig[cr r]lrogcD tulc 

nuximuni pldn height w6 nolal in Fotato crop 

5.lj Nunbcr ofift€ri phntr: 

lifonnarn,is inr nombcr ollubcb planf *crt collcclcd d subccld lo dulyss ot 

rri c. rshiqulx (ADp. l47l which sln$.Ll sigr,lic r i.suhs rd hil[.trrs. 

inJicalirrs donrimnce ofTtr orcr all olher rrclrmenrs bccaGe n nnun {6.771ntrmblr 

ol rubc6 vcrc cornLud iI lhis lrcnhcrr. Sccond |Dsi{nnr wN occtr|1icrl b! Ti (0.11)) 

108

T, i 150l!N ht ) 

r;i25r' rrN hJ') 

t, rlorrri l t,,-l 

shctrs, l l:1.71)$errcd rlt lowusr fosrltr!r' rrarrurr nuxr 

of erioot lo.ls ol inore.tic nllrcgen on numb4 ol lob'6 

tn€ sanc letldsl ReF signilicaoily 

5 20 rl 

=0.05) 

Nunbcr ol rlbeE .rc o inpon4l clmcnt ud tml lo dss tla leld pol.nial ofdrv 

variely, lf thcse are of good gr.d6 and in ihcEsed nuilbds, yicld will bc higher il 

tubd si/€ is dtuced lhd ir! halker valu. is a,Iecd l[ lhis cae oN c.n judse lhat 

gratcr rlE numbcr ol srms, mor€ \'ill ba lh€ llbcF. e. nnolcn .pplicdion gdc 

be|cf &drlts compared to conool but upto a limit b4aNe lner 250 ks N hi' 

redoclion lubd Nmbe6 w6 rcl€d. Simil r4ults .re rcponcd bv Rov dd Jaiswtl 

(19t8). Dctr nnd Dutra (lr9t) aM Zvonnryd and Rosn (2r)0r) sho o.cl||dcn thal 

nuntborolLulrc$ tlnnl 

s.9 Tub€r ,.lghl plrnl r (g): 

wcr! irrcruscd si r iircrlls! i Dilrolctr level 

rn fonnrrions colletcd d lul ( 1 6'r' $uck) inrcwJ $cr. |Jr$ tl .orsi crql 6 ruher 

qeighlplanlr.whichw€rcslbjectdtoa8lysisofvaiiancet4hniques(Apl.l43)lo 

Dati rcvcrlcd significdt sllts lor rrcatncnrs ind i srrclioi slDNing $Prcrrvof 

T6 (3?2.40 g). lolloe€d byTt (314.50 g) dd Ti (290.90 g). rcspelivelv whft6. T 

(t96.20 g) reolined al rh€ bofiom which podtrc.d frinimmr lubs *cirhl !l.nlI 

Me vrlu6 io! various rsp4ls are shoM hTablc 5 9.

i or, N rt 

P!1l'a' gL 

T,i r50 ra N r.'i 

\i N h:.t 

T. rl00lS N hJ t 2o5 87 h 

261_05 b 

l.lds or inors.nic nnrq.n on tob.r $€istr 

212.40 | 

242:13 i 

202 ll nr 

21 5,17 | 

2t4.85 c 

1l!'ll9 

_ut r\ 

-f,r?!! 

Fisures follo$ed by the sme lcue(t were sisnifi.utlydiremr (P = 0.05) 

horc rnlrl. c\thnrcd rl corrrl () tg N hr') hftl Ni',nun' r'he' \'rigil.'l hcn I 

sradual incrc.* in rube weigll could bc obseru€d npro T,, (250 kg N har) b*ause 

rncNads rcgarivc iNpact w.s ohscNed ir crsc ofTr (l0O kg N hr'r). Thcse rcsulls 

,r€ llrihcr confidicd by Alshahmlri cr al ( lrSl ) and Roy atrd lniswal (1998) who 

reponcd lhrl trilogor ilcErsud ltrh$ wciSlr ph I 

5.10 Tuberyi€ldh.r(ks): 

372.17 J 

l)r1r wrs ohlnnEd nr rcbriotr ro rhis Npccl ot slftty rnd lirlykat hy construcrnrg 

ualysFo \rnancc(!ble(App. l,{8}whichdow.dsigtrilicnnldrltcrcncclorycdsrs 

vcll I |nr lrc nrdtrrs. n icntilg sr|n!tr1r.y ot 't,, \!h'ch fr,rhN\l rr\iNunr 

{18752.8.r kr) lub€r yicld har. Seond p.sirion Ns €cupicd by ]i ( t 70{t.86 tg)ind 

:l rby rlcrl[unr f4 (1t58].-r9ltg) Or l[c oth$ h! r I r. t] rrJ 11 sccrqt 4"'.5 r 

(,Ir position. elulilcly. WhcN6- lasl nxt ?'r'pcition $6 obhined by 1r whirh 

produccn mininrun tubcryicld ol11268.93 kg. Mcan ldhcs tor rru{rmcnts Nd rra6 

of Erious ldeb of inorgarlc nirror.n o. tub.r yield 

Ytlrd !,! l!r) 

f'( 0tsNh.r 

ffitW 

) 

. 

r.iroouN i;r) _ 

r" tr5o r" N lu. ti 

!t!!It.1!1! 

r558:1t2bc 

Mlqlrl l!-L 

Fl$c lolloscd byl|tsam rcltc(t wc ris,it",,'ltt di n o.05) 

"'nip

Flg l6: 

Eihol oI vrib.. borgrL ntttqr f.rdlh.l Lv..L d tub.r tidd (rg 

!r-') dotut ri. yd t A rr 

lll

As darl lbr lhis a&ror $d derilcd frcm yicld nlor r. $ ir followql lhe @c pBious 

*qrcncc {ilh minof chuses ind connmlcd alEady Blablishcd lncory that l6gcn 

fcrtilia. cnconrxgc vcgetdilc groNth and yield oflh. cbps. As cohpaed to contol 

rll orlrcr tE{hncnts hcuer yicld Bas obrdhcd vnh nrn$nrg niln'gctr doe bul trpro 

150 kAN hr :xllcNn s irw0sderudsod b0.r0"u ur.ess \. (los! trrgl'r hrlNgr!\r 

Fle. So. il could bc claimcn $.r 250 ks N hur pmlql lo bc thc b.sl dose lor polalo 

cop. ThL\c rusulrs rE suptDn\l hy P!.lNlr d Pd{Nh {lt)711. Vu i (itrr*nr 

(1974). iJhan lnd Shdnker (lt?5) and cnour (1932) w[o rcporrdi r[ll highcr dok of 

nilrcgd $r betlq yi€ld hr 6lpolalo6, Sinrilrrly, Shamu r, (iesal(lr)87) nnd 

Mfirn./ d/ il(x)I) loncludqltI nr]croDtiDrl luv!l ot rrtkrguD. N ti'nl'!r nrrq{u 

h lxber ricld 

Nas Morded. 

5.rr lr6h loli.g. *eigh( pl$f (g): 

ObseBrlid* rdordld lor Usl i crvrl in r.hrion (o wocrly blilsc wcighl pl t' 

lcrc trkcD I lhc aal rolirrc wcighl pl.nl' afld amltscd thoulh $nristicrl allsis 

ttrhniqu6lApp. 133) which indic cd sigdncant R$rts ror tBr|nrdrs and rcn6. In 

this csc Ti (250 k8 N hrr) supercedcd other rrcahcfls. showing 246.9 I fresh 

aoliagc w.jshl pldfr.lollowol byTt(201.8 g)lnd Tr (202.2g)\hich ale enanrcd 

ar !!r lo orc anolh.r. Lasl posrlion was occupicd by l (126.7 g) ryhich sho*cd 

.rniDunr lbl'ngc Dlntr. MeM vnlu.s for ltulments dtrd yca6 lbr lhrs pndnreter of 

srudy arc shown in T.ble 5. I I . 

labl.5,llr Efiectof v.rlou3l€vek ofinorga.ic nitrog€n on frc\h rolhge reisht 

I-Qglu-!! l 

Ts(200 kr N h. ) 

i l-.!19l]-\s !lI! 

18t5b 

l8?:2! 

201 3 c 

ra.a.i ,l 

F guB follosed by rhe smc lclc(s) sd signi ficantly difcrcnl ( P : 0.05) 

t1)

For rh[ tdranrctcroprinraldoscofnilogen (250 ksN h,r) show.d onc€ aglin bcllcr 

ros(rs Si'niljny, rll lroulmcr(s lpplicrl willr nilroscr nspotr(lud irr i bcllcr wry is 

cornpdred lo conliol (0 kg N htr). Ahy how, bcyond a linn (250 kg N har), highcr 

d.*- ot rihscn (100 rg N Mr) did trot indicic any llr cr imrunsc in yicld lhrl 

Drighl bc dnc ro rcErtivc intad olnighcr dos ornnoscn. Alnnsl simibr astrlts 

sctc rcForlcd by Robols./ dl (1982) $ar trnrcgcn appliQrn nr sllil incrcNud 

lnlir8e rriShl plnrl ir I'ohLoc'op 

5,12 lbli88€ drt rciehl planl (s): 

lrlfof,nariotrs for this parM|clq w@ 6ordc{ .nd subjeled lo bc m.lys€d thougl' 

nlysis o r fuiJncc tnhlc (App. l49) Nliclr itlicnlL{ sisni ficdl rcstrlh lor t€46 lnd 

rrc.lmchrs. re0ecrios Npedority oaT6 (3r.10 g), whilc, Tr. Tr ind Tr odupicn rh. 

nexr positions, icspcalivcly whereas, Tr sccurcd ihc lowesl position wnh 11.63 s 

lnlilltsc dry sciglr pldtrl Mcd ldlucs lor lrcrlmcnrs d lcr$ arc lisled nr T$lc 

5.12. 

TrbLtt2r efa.cl oa vfloG l€v.k ofinora.ntc dtrog€n otr foli.ge dry v.lghl 

pr4i-rrt--- 

ary reist t p';{!Ut3.61d 

J,1200 *gN ht 

26.23b 

T.(250kcN ha .ll.l0 r 

lllqksIlr! 

.L]7 c 

[igurs followed by thc samo lertcr{trc'esignilkJni },lillercnLlr n05l 

Yc, 

Yclrll 

Ahovc arinsdrcnl ol lrcdmorls clmB lh. picluE lh nErcr6ql lL{cls of nilblcn 

ca0scd oorc vegeulilc gtow(h ofthe planr uplo a hnrill ullimarcly more dry folralc 

wcighr planrr wds oblaltrc,l. whcErs, crccss v. dose hid r trcgrlnc imptcl itr th s 

rc8!r'l dl$ lhcsc r$ulls r. nr rs.cqnc si$n olAn d!d\lKflshnappa (lr)ee)

lk\t|\ att ttir.nsn"l 

d Oli\.in' (:om) \$o rlFincd l|[r lign{ nitn'gcn r: ! i',r'!rKl lolrrlc,lr) 

*cighrph I in poraroG 

s,tl tnbddry weigh( pl.rlr(s): 

h,lonrari.ns \crc rccordud. r(lisd dtrd rtrilysn by conslrocling .nrl!.is ol 

v$ancc rible (Apn. l5O) shich rcvcilcd sigrincnnt rcnrlls for l.edrntnls sludicd 

sho*irrgd.rtrrrtrccDf l.wilhtT.l.l gdfyscishrfl$t . loll$!edbv l.(71 75 g) lr 

(61.93 s) xnd Tr (5s80 s). whccds, Tr rcnrnEd nl llre botrom sho*lrg l8 97 gdrv 

s.i!h( phtrl lrcalrncrl nrcxf vdhcsdrcdFsr ir llrc ft)lhrvuglt rlc 

'lrbles,l:t: DflNl ol v.riotrs lcvds of iNtr'tttrir iitroscr on iulrcr d.v *eighl 

T. ( l50 k! N hdr) 

] !l!!l\s\ !! ) 

'luherdr! 

r8r,7 ! 

!r!c!!i!!!!li I 

58 80,1 

Fi$rs rolloNcd by dE sane lcnc(s) vcrc sigtrincinrlydincrcnl (P - 0.05) 

Tflhcr dry \cight is r qualibti\c chamct€r. r.nBcnls cmP htrltrnA cq'rcrv md 

nnndling contlirion olrnc pruducc Crclrd rlt itt $cighr.lcs $ill bc rhc nrishtr' 

losl [aryesr lilt will be incruaql lnJ [ud]ir18 ol lliu dol qtll bc tt6] Abovc prclr'r 

nrdLcrrsJ rlrr irrcrcrsc,i ritngcr lcvcl trDlo r.cdrrtr lnnir i'nFNVc(l ,lrv \Yc'ghr 

condition,.fteNuds.xccssive dose c.uscd d t.ductioi in dry sciBht of$e plmr or 

in olher rvay it can aGo be argucd lhal more lollasc p$duced n]oft tub$ vield which 

,lri'nrlflf,.lluc(.tl rr(1, trrdrri(l| l!l!' Ll! (lrgl'r l)|.tr'lr lhts. '.srlrr r'' trr 

c.nfomily wi(h rnc findirrr,\ oi Prlcl ,i // (2000) l[il high$ losc of ni(macr 

increased lubd dry weighl. 

s,14 TuDer spcclnc gnvill: 

lrfomaliors oi thc spccific Advily wcrc slnlisricrll! rnrlvscd (ApD l5l) whrch 

rcvcrlql s,-{n'licrnl rusulG aor l\_ ncnls rtrd ilrl(nclntli rhhous! ncBlisihlc 

nir€rcDes navc ben obsenc{. 1".'lJ, l. d l. lonrDd ! lrouD 

shoNi'rg l'039 

spaific srariry. while 1r, Tr lod T' fcll n o second grcllp haring 1.088 speific 

tlt

lj,rriry. I'L r' (nis n'c,ri \rl'/rs 

nNntstut Dis.6tit,t 

tu holh llrc conrlroNnh rrc shosr D thc lirllo\irs 

l:.fft1 of !rd0a lradi of ift{rrnn $ir"4rn un IntF \l(iti. 

_rr{ 0 r! N 1.087'i 

l;-) 

- 

r.a8t ab. 

M9 ul- 

I n8, abc 

lr(100l! N 1.0!4 .L!!$i 

r; l,,trql by Lttr rrnc tdLsrlt tr(r( s g' ,rirJrt J, J'lt!r!r ( ) 

SD{ific gftvity is a qualitalile choracler, coftcarcd vnh chrppins quahr, So. 

nitrogcn fcrlili/.r lcv€k hdd n.shsiblc cficcl itr risc,* d rttrh. trettmcnrs sho$cd 

nlnDsr sN,|[ resulrs mi1 ptudu€cn 8ood qldlity ub6. Th€$ sigDificdr cutls 

I'rv'ng trrm\.\l dilTscNs yrry lRnn r[c ntrdings ot locnr (li)et) ttul trilftE n dnl 

nor cfl@t tuber speific g6vny. wh@6, Fcibcn.r //. ( 1998) onctuded rhat bcrkr 

spccillc gority Nd nolert in cdc ol conml. On llE othd hand Sparcv ed Chapnai 

(2001) d l.in d ?l (2004) rcporlol lhal i'ltugcn lPplic ion or ik higher lcvcl 

d{rclsql lubcr spccilic sEvny. 

5.lS Tub$dry nrtlcrpcrc€ntagc: 

r)dr wrs colLcrrd lar lhis ND0.rolst t 

i nl rtrtrlyserL l[tuugh xmLysis otv i ce 

lechtriqucs (App. 152) which depicred signitjc0Dr e$rlls sutisricalty for rrcahrctrls 

!i.r InleEclron, allholgh apparcnlly Bults look.d sinrilir bccause nrinor raridtiois 

wcrc obsdvdlbctve€n thc heans, Thh rimc T. (2t.80%) Emained.r rop wherc$. Tr, 

(21.77%) aollowed scond position rcnaining !r pnr Nnh-l; and alr othr reh€hrs 

cxccpt T, (2r.50%) which r€oaincd al bo onr. Mur v rs aE lmnged nr rhr 

follovinB tablc lor borh lhc 6pds

i'i oqr.rr."1 

1,(l0oksNha"i 

l!! (:!,t !:!8e 

Y..q I 

1t.47 J -ls!q 

2l 87 

T" (250 k€ N ha 'l 2,2.00 J 

2l .51 

d 

2l 30 abc 

I gurcrr'nl.$Nlb)rl\srnrJlc.'-',rilurc>,gf ri-,rr') J'rl!'!f''l' 

li.\nh\ tnl ltn.ursiot 

l€vch of inorqnnic nilrog.n on trber dn nilto 

"i,i' 

lllgit i 

,t 70 ab 

Drv roc' fcrrcrl.sc k n qrrlnili!c crM.lcr Nlii.h .rrd hc rrilscd vin'rrlt rl 

iry nalL0f '1, ls gndt.r. 1ub$ qu[1y is cotrsnLcr*l lJuuur xntl v,c. vcFr Anyho*. 

tooisture % caD also be dciv.d yilh lhc h.lp ol!ry nrdrtcr'% ahich ult,matcly wrll 

rsnccl rlr srdhbiltry ol rhc DrodRc. Alrhotrgh. ddn slNrcd sigriljcnr uriilrotr 

shrislrJly, rpparenlly it loolicd rlitc hnring vcry nrinor difleEnccs. wilh incrcdscrl 

dds or nn.ogen dry ma|ts % was inrpov.n rs okcncd nr ce olTr and T{,.1o\cr 

do$s oanirrogcn {TJ. Tr dil Tr) shorvcd arcragc rcsloisc sh.c!s- conlrcl (T,} and 

t\c€sivc do* (Tt showcd pmr 6ults lor $is pm Eler. So, it could be concludcn 

rhat nEcsod Dnogo, Er€ nor o y nrcrcr$d Dllnr srosrh and yield bur al$ 

Nt'nvc{l qurlily ollhc lrlDm hrl trflo r li il lhcsc rcsulls rrc suti,orlcd [! 

lligahid. rnd Ssaki (1t99) rnd Shaf,nd drl Hcllhwrile (199t) who repoacd $r 

riho8cr, rlcrrionor lslrigholcvul irrcrcNo(lrub0r (hyor lcr co ctrrs. 

5.16 l0bcr noisturc perc.ntrgu 

Inlbnnrlons for this frra'nclur wcrc (ldivcll $i(h lhc hc\r.l nry firrlolro nni 

s'hjecbd ro anal's6 of variancc loc[niquos (App. 153) which revcaled ssninc.trl 

B$rhs srnlisli.rlly lor trc ncds ind itrrcricrnrr Lvhcr.rs. dillcrcnccs {crc vcry 

Di'rulc rnd Ngligiblc As thcsc infofr[rioN No'c dcrilcn \ith thcnch oldrynr $ 

%, so t@a(menrs shoNirg higher ,; ol tlry DallNr{TJ Md T") h l.s.roislurc % did 

rcfne.rs hNi.g l.s dry nutlf '7, (Tt shoNcd hishcr % of DDisluN Nhcrc$. 

Iredm€nrs virh trvengc d4nrtlcr % (1 :. '1 , d Tr)n i.rr"{ rvLTrgc pcrcnrrgc ol 

'noist(c 

vcaD !31u6 lor boln llrc conrponcds Mng.d itr rrhlr 5 16

Ir*".-B- 

L.___ 

lr.r'i-rc N h'at!!ru!r! 

!;5- 

ol ilorgrni. nil@getr or 

l{?!lled 

!3.!14 

l-q!! !! 

I r,-.i,;o k( N h"'t 

[i. rjiio- ri u r,i r 

78|]!J 

78.md ?q4l !L 

?8,s.la 

ar!9i', 

7s.32 

Fi!(rs ldkJsodhylhcsinclollc(s)!crosigrificrntly{iillc'cnl(P 005) 

-2!?1tb_ . 

78.21ab 

Treamcns amlicd wiri highcr dosc ol.noscn ercqi( Ti (100 k-! N har) pmducc\l 

iircrusdl 'r, oldry mitl$ ( sbwc,l lcss tcrrcnta-rc ol trNisltrrt irnl vicc rcN ll 

DNrns hishrf lo^- .l rilrogorr irnpevql trol otrly thc qNl'lt ol xrh.N btrl rl$, 

slor ililyrnJ p.scld6l liacoflhc[o

llble5,lt! Eftcct olvariotrs lcvels ol irorgatric nirrogen on tlbcr rorrl roluhlc 

cq4q 

l'.u(shlhNnlh)rl,(srtr'Jl(l('(\,\('(rsn'lnrrrIJ'lliRr'lli l"15l 

TSS is a qual,ralivc chrmctcr dd crit€rion Io assess nultrrily ind rpcrirs orfic anrils 

sp€ially which nlight rcl bu $plied in veselablcs with ils lruc sens. Nd 

.onsidLrrl$trs Fo tlt rb.t lisl oDc onli vis'ali/. rlhl r. .lutr .rr tlo i[rrEu hJ 

aDt ofthc lrcarnrenr was showrl Which means dificrcnL rinogen lcvck aslonishnrglv 

l l no irnNrl h lhis Egard aml rll $c rrc.rrncnls hch.r.n irr r srnrlr llshiotr Thrl 

bc dnc rhc u$ ofhonoscnotrs nr.lcial ofrhc lNc r icly. sntril cults a-_ 

'n!y 

rcporlcd b' Borii./ d/. (1994) thrl nilroBcn hrd no cllcoL otr qLulily ol lubc6. which 

sn|)pon ll!s. mn sigrilicdrl rcstrlls. 

5.18 Ttrhor nilreAci.ontenli on drt nallerhtsk ("'1'l: 

Readir8s wcre nolcd tor rhi! qullihrivc charac{cr ol rlt cmf n anal}6cd [v 

corotd.rirg analysis of v{i.ncc rable (App 155) *hich ahhouah depicl.i non_ 

sigrinc l ronrlrs lor ircdmonls, cvor Ilrcn nrnF $idnns \cr! obscddl Tl 

dcupicd rhu fi61 posilion rilh 1.619'. iiulgci cotrrcrls. lolldvcd bv Tr (152'1, 

$hcrc6.T,-T..T6 d l r shoN{l similat rustrlls nnh t 28% nilmlcn contcnts.frh 

1uber. TrcirDcrl nrc vdocsnrccnlkrcd ii liblc 5.13. 

'Idbl.5.t3: Efiecl of aarious lcvcls of lrorganic rllro$n otr (uber nlt,ogen 

conren|' on dn n.llohdn{%) 

-!!!!l!r"!!!!!ql4l 

l-?! \l 

T. (250U Nha ) 

Tr(lmtANhr') 

1.52 

l.5l 

F'ri; foll"ndl hyrhcsmc lcttcnc)rm s$n'nmNlynifTcRnl (f _ n05)

RN Aa"d Dntnssion 

ljitulirss n\licarcd lhar lsrnenls sho$ing hilhct yicld sho\rcd lcss lubr nilrog.r 

cof(cnLs no! l(i srowrl, drlulion l&ror ol niu!gcn rrd vicc vcrsa: rs nr16sen lpplred 

rvniconsurL{ d bttle. yiclds *!rc obitincd. Nhilcotr llrc olhcrhrnd Dor€ nilDgen 

.orr0ils\ . r.corldrvh.( lcss vicl,lsnrLrod(l.onrDnrnli\t|!.\rc.irllvf'crst 

ol l j. lr rtrl lr Wh'l.- ii cre ol' l' ((otrlroll lcss nirrclctr tns rluord.J N 'l $A 

i.l suptliL(l \i1h riLrolcf ltrril'/c' Any lNw. Dii.gri $nlrtrrs rr. 'tlnrcd l') qtrrhLv 

d dierart vrluc, nigher rhc N cont.Ns. bctlo will b€ lh€ qoalnv ol tubes Thsc 

nof-signilic! r.sulls arc IunlNr oooln'nod Lry Sld 1r d/ (191)9) Md lrre(zvnsrr 

{2ml) who repodcd lnJt nnrcgcr dpplic ion or ils highcr do*s rqlucql tubcr 

s,l9 Trb.rphosphorus contQnts on dry n.tter b$is (%): 

Rc ings rvcrc r(oftlcd loi phosplDtrr conlcnG ollhc h'hcr. srrhlccrud lo itrllvsis ol' 

v{idrcc hblc (App. 156) shich rclcalcd sisnificinr r.solrs lbr llatncnts shich 

urdicatcd ll t T' dnd T: occrtid l'and:' posilior. rcsDcctv.lt hrvlng 021'r' 

dD+honrs conldlt. Tr and Tr acll nN h lnc sequcNc shownrg o'li)% pbosphorus 

c. cnls $hcre6, T. remrined al (h. boftoh rvith 0 I l% phosphon$ contenh o'rh' 

tut 6.'rr.xl cnl nrcan lalus arc gNcn in rhc lollo{i"gllbro. 

't.ble5.l9! EIT.cl oav.rlous lev.lt of Inorganic nilrogen on llber pbcpnorus 

l,aitr!Nl"'l 

lr!!4\ N h! ) 

r1t!eL- 

Figurcsro!ldwcn hy $c s.nrc lcllc(s)scrc $ur'n.rnrl, 'lrfiq r rP n05) 

llrvc sihr.ri'nr (ldhDslfllu(l rl r 'l:'- t. orl '1,. slN{nr$ [dlrr viulds hkl 16' 

plDsdrrs rcrci(idr *ilhi0 rlt lrhc6 hccnfsc.r gnNlh drlrlion hcrd dr 

phosphonrs 5 conpaGd (o T', T: md Tr {lich prcduc€d l6s vield 

bul darnql nDE 

phosthonLs wLrhin thc Lubc6, .afrPrnlrlclv Lik! rinosor conlcrrs 1l m trlso xn 

idicatorofqualiry ui, dicrary aspccl ofrhc luh€6. Crmrcr P "'rcnts- b€ll6willbc 

tlrc qualily of (ho lube6 lNl licc reNa Thcsc sigDificul rcsrlls haviDg qunc

R6ihs tml Dirtrsrio, 

Dam*c{ dillcrcn€6 ao sntporlsl by ArclEna ( {/ ( I E)t) who rcported lhal highd 

rntug.tr l0vcl JccrcNc'l (rbcr trulrnior!l qMlily. Srmikrly. wys/kowski ll9r)(') 

rcnond rhrl ncrcdsd or(mlch mledccrclscd ( rfPhosnhofltscorlcnls 

5.!{r'li'l'Lr Dou\siunr(ortcn|\otr rlry nrrlro hrii\('r,): 

Ob$ivdiuos tur rhis lstiLrl {s! rNtud riJ rrl}:Lal by tunsho.titrg nlysN ol 

variancc ldno (AD. 157) wnich dcpicrod sigrilicul dillcrcnc.s rtriotrs lrcnhrctrrs, 

ir icllirBsu|icnrc,or"lr(lt5',1,).turlxnrssrtrrrcorrcrls.lnll)s.(|l)yl(l slrn 

and Tr {l.7lr%}- Gpqlivcly $hcres. f. (1.519;) occrpic'l ll,c loNcsl posrlion 

TEnl.rcil Drcar vnlucs rtshosr in Tablc 5 20 

Table5,20: Efiecl ol vrrious lereL or inorgrnic ni(rogcn on 1ub€r pot.siiun 

9q!!!! qi !q- maner b.sis 1:/") 

c"n1{nrr(%) 

i,;") 

l85n 

r- Q!q\ i\ i;I 

Pobssiun corlcnlswilhirr hrbcrs Bcrc lo! (ob.norc ir.rNcorT',Tr.Tr.ndTr in 

which yicld was conparativcly les. Whilc, on rhe orhcr hund Tr. T. and T. w[]ch 

shoscd bctlly rsults prcliouly ror i€ld 

plEtuct€G had bit lo$cr K corc.t, rclairrcd 

Ni(hin thc tubN due lo grewth dilurion alctorolpotasiuii. Litc N ind P contcnG K 

is.Llso rclrlcd ro qudii(y ard drctary dspccrr hrShcr irs vll'rc *ill rcfdr upoD bcrlcr 

quality ol lhc lubcts. Si'nilar Esulls aft reDorled bt wyszkowsri (lr)to) llrul 

pobsiu onl€nls oflubeG \crcd(rcr$d Nnlr nrcrcas.d lroscr ralc. 

5.21 1-ubcr.rud€ Drolctn corl.dts on dry frrrterb.sis {%): 

Dau wdc de.yed fom tubq nitrcB€n percetrtnge by ctudc nr.lhod lnd $rbJcdd ro 

drlysis ol variance rablc (App. 158) vhich lndicatcd non-sisnific.nr rcsulrs for 

tMlmc s. rlllDngh minor vandions could be obsh-ed. Tr I I0.2l9;) ccupiql the | ' 

pcilion, lolloned byTr (9.48%) and Tr (9.32t;) vhile, all odEr l[earnoB (Tr.n. Tr 

ind T.) nrscd slmrlar rcaulk haling 8.02ol pdein cotrl.nrs $nhin (h. hrbers 

'rrc,lDctrr iunvdltrcsurclisrdii{!blc5.Zl orl!dhcrdctuil 

t80

Tablc5,2lr Efecl oI vrrious levch of inorA.nic nlrrrgrn on tuhcr crudc 

pmr9!!.ortcnB on dn dnrcr hN!i! {"/") 

l-( rNr"l 

- 

l f rqtq",i I 't rbd cq4! prt'rdnjq!!41%) 

!t,r jr,llNhr ) rlrl 

T,llno|tNhr'r 

l1L"$!r!1, - 

o43 

_l r,,r 

i {:.)r-\r, , c"j 

--nlrria 

,.ll 

F'guc follon!{ htlhr$mc hnrd\)r((s,SnificJtrrlrdiniRlrl (l' rt0tl 

As lIis lr sN drrlgcd otrl IDn tr]l$gotr Durccnlrg! ol (lI lul!'r. s, ir lallowed I r 

sJnc scqr cDcci showirrg sinilff rcsul1s !trd srtr1c rgtrnrcrls nrrr rlso bc lpplicd hc! 

Orcmll.onc.atrarguclhllhighcrlhcnnrogcnco cnls.flhctub.r-higherwillhLthr 

csrnnntc\l cn'Jc pbrcin conhrs Sinrilarly, incrcased crudc trotrin 

conte.ls \!o!kl 

indicrtc ttnv ds beuer qurlny rnd dierary !trlue of$e ruhc6 nrd \'c. tcB0 Th.sc 

rotr-sigiilirDl rcsul(s drc supporLcd tiy Ltd$cz$sli (2rl0l)\vlro rpoLLcd Lhur bt 

i'ucrsnr! nirroAcr dos ruh€r n ogcn od ullinrlcly frorcin conlctrh scic 

d.rus(l sirnil ly- R!tr! r/ / lllxrl)rl$ NDd r,llhrl [ln'$n rmliulnD ! ,' r 

liNilnrrcrscn nrhq tdcir conkms 

coNct,usroN: 

Tl[ lollosing conclusio8 hak ben n.d. fron rhc ,borc nE ioncn cxpcrim.nl. 

. In.Easc in nit@gd ld€ls acourag.d.op srca int! yicld btrr trplo ! linril 

(2s0ksN hr'')iwhich proled ro be thc besl dos€ 

. Lxrcssrd losc of inr.gcn llu) [g N hr') \as ol N trse ,r1d h tugnri\c 

nnF.r on vlrious vcgdrtne and yi.t ch.Etcrislics: shich nrishl bc duc to 

$nvilabilny(lcnhinsandvohtiliation).nd toxicilyoa mg€n. 

I5l

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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