evergreen 1.indd - Kerala Forest Research Institute

2 EvergreenLife Underground: Crical to Terrestrial EcosystemBiological diversity - or biodiversity - is a term we use todescribe the variety of life on Earth. It refers to the widevariety of ecosystems and living organisms: animals, plants,their habitats and their genes. Ever since the first use of theterm by wildlife scienst and conservaonist Raymond F.Dasmann in his book A Different Kind of Country in 1968,the term has achieved widespread use among biologists,environmentalists, polical leaders and civil society.Ironically, most of the biodiversity studies during that mewere focused especially on aboveground plant and animalspecies (Wardle, 2006). This could be probably because,sciensts were largely unaware about the fascinang worldbelowground and its role in ecosystem funconing, asquanficaon of soil biodiversity was a tedious task owingto the technical and methodological problems. But it is nowrealized that soil communies represent the major chunk ofterrestrial biodiversity (Decaëns, 2010). As Wolters (2001)opined, “though not apparent to the naked eye, soil is actuallyone of the most diverse habitats on earth”, and is probablyone of the species rich habitats of the terrestrial ecosystemwhich represent a necessary substrate for a largepart of global biodiversity.Belowground Biodiversity?Soil biodiversity (=Belowground Biodiversity-BGBD) is a collecveterm referring to all the living forms present in thesoil and lier which includes the flora and fauna. Though, itis difficult to give an accurate definion for soil organisms,because there are “fullme” (earthworms, macro-invertebratesand many micro and meso arthropods,microbes) and “part-me” (insect larvae, mound buildinginsects) inhabitants in the soil (Wolters, 2001). It is beer toadopt a sensu lato definion because the limit of ‘soil habitat’is difficult to discriminate.How diverse is it?The queson of how many belowground organisms existworld-wide remains open, and there is probably no soilwhere we are able to idenfy or even quanfy all the residentinvertebrates or microorganisms. Majority of terrestrialanimals are soil inhabitants for at least one stage oftheir life cycle and it was esmated that about one-fourthof described living species are strictly soil or lier dwellers(Decaëns et al., 2006). Of the 1,500,000 described livingspecies, soil animals represent 23 per cent (i.e., ~360,000);of which 80 per cent are insects and 12 per cent arachnids.For this reason, soils have been described as the third biocfroner aer oceanic abysses and tropical forest canopies!Importance of soil fauna as an ecosystemcomponentSoil fauna play crical role in the biological turnover andnutrient release from plant residue. This include mounding,mixing, forming voids, back filling voids, forming and destroyingpeds, regulang soil erosion, movement of waterand air in the soil, plant and animal lier, nutrient cycling,and producing special constuent through process of regurgitaonand mixing of saliva or excreta with soil materials.Besides, soil organisms acvely parcipate in breakingdown pollutants, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds,stabilizing soil, enabling water percolaon and incorporangorganic maer. All these acvies serve to protectsoil against erosion, aid in restoraon of degraded land,maintain water quality and increasingly, influence carbonsequestraon and reducon of trace gas emissions.In fact, different types of organisms have different acvi-es in the soil. For example, some of them are predators(protozoa, nematodes, cenpedes) and some organismsare lier transformers (earthworms and enchytraeids) andanother group of organisms are called “ecosystems engineers”(earthworms, termites, ants) due to their ability tomodulate the acvies of other organisms. The interaconbetween these organisms (animals, plants, microbes) is a recentpriority programme in soil ecology, but it is a complexfield of acvity.Spatial segregation of soil faunaThe soil fauna are distributed unevenly in the soil. The factorscausing non-randomness is presumably related to thepatchy distribuon of food or water, which cause aggrega-on (Usher, 1976; Usher et al., 1982). In soil biodiversitystudies, it is essenal to know which species are present andwhere the species occur in relaon to one another (Colemanand Whitman, 2005). Whether species occur togetherat every micro-site, or do they occur individually in separatesites is a maer of great relevance. This aspect of speciesdistribuon has an important bearing on compeon andinteracon between different taxa, ecosystem funconingetc.

3 EvergreenAboveground vs. belowground biodiversityAboveground diversity consists of plants and nearly allgroups of animals and microbes. Plants play a dominantrole in providing the ‘infrastructure’, as well as providing thefoundaons of the food web by capturing energy from sunlightand sequestering CO 2into energy-rich carbohydrates,proteins and other organic substrates.The aboveground and belowground components arethought to be independent, but there is now increasing recognionof the influence of these components on one otherand of the fundamental role played by aboveground-belowgroundfeedbacks in controlling ecosystem processes andproperes (Wardle et al., 2004, see Fig. 1). There are mountingevidences for the complex suite of interacons exisngbetween plants and both their associated ‘aboveground’organisms (herbivores, pollinators, parasites and diseaseagents), and ‘belowground’ organisms (soil biota such as decomposers,soil engineers, root herbivores and root diseaseagents). Understanding this linkages (between the organismsaboveground and that of organisms belowground)constute an important challenge in ecology (Hooper et al.,2000; Sylvain and Wall, 2011).Aboveground-belowground feedbackS oil-plant interacons form one of the most excing challengesof scienfic endeavours of the present century. Mostplants live only partly aboveground – their belowgroundorgans (roots) are essenal for survival and funconing.We may expect a strong linkage between above and belowgrounddiversity, primarily because plants and plantdiversity determine the funconing of the belowgroundecosystem via factors such as: plant lier quality, quantyand ming, the soil water balance and microclimate in thesurface layer, and root acvity that may change the rhizosphere(the area around the roots) by exudaon of solubleFig. 1. Aboveground communies are affected by both direct and indirect consequences of soil food web organisms.(Right) Feeding acvies in the detritus food web (slender white arrows) smulate nutrient turnover (thick red arrow),plant nutrient acquision (a), and plant performance and thereby indirectly influence aboveground herbivores (redbroken arrow) (b1). (Le) Soil biota exert direct effects on plants by feeding on roots and forming antagonisc or mutualiscrelaonships with their host plants. Such direct interacons with plants influence not just the performance of thehost plants themselves, but also that of the herbivores (b2) and potenally their predators. Further, the soil food webcan control the successional development of plant communies both directly (c2) and indirectly (c1), and these plantcommunity changes can in turn influence soil biota.

4 Evergreen1.2Relative effect of drives10.80.60.40.20Land use change Climate Nitrogen Deposion Bioc Exchage Atmospheric CO2Fig. 2. Landuse change is an important dimension of global change, inmatelylinked to the changes in biodiversity in space and me (Sala et al., 2000)organics and decay of structural material (van Noordwijkand Swi, 1999).Even though differenang between simple correlaon andcausaon is problemac: the aboveground-belowgroundrelaons have mulple dimensions, the relaon betweenaboveground and belowground biodiversity is correlated aseither posive or negave. The top-down and boom-upfeedbacks make the system more complex and novel. Thusthe queson remains open: How aboveground communiesdrive the belowground subsystem and how belowgroundbiota drives the aboveground subsystem? How this feedbackmechanism affects ecosystem services like nutrientcycling, soil ferlity, and ulmately the human well being?Threats on belowground biodiversityLanduse change and associated phenomenon are majorthreat to soil biodiversity (indeed to the aboveground biodiversityas well!). Belowground organisms which are sobodiedand relavely immobile are the immediate vicms.Major reasons may include habitat loss (35.6%), human interference(21.8%), polluon (17.3%) and pescides (10.9%).While comparing the relave effect of different drivers, landusechange and habitat fragmentaon rank first and havestrong influence than climate change, invasive animals andplants on biodiversity (Fig. 2). Associated phenomenon’s likestress and disturbances, chemical ferlizers and pescides,exoc plantaon and invasive species and other globalchange etc. also have adverse effect on the soil biodiversity.Economic aspects of soil biodiversityEcological economics is not totally a new field of study.However, economic evaluaon of ecosystem goods andservices provided by soil fauna is seldom studied. Recently,economic valuaon of these services has created interestamong sciensts. According to Huguenin et al. (2006), degradaonof soil fauna indicates a ‘market failure’. For example,increased pescide usage which has negave impact onsoil fauna also lead to undesirable changes in the croppingsystem. These changes have negave economical impact.Soil fauna have intrinsic as well as instrumental value (Decaënset al., 2006). The instrumental value refers to thepotenal use of a species by human beings. Based on this,soil fauna have both direct and indirect uses. Consumpvevalue is the main direct economic value of the soil fauna,while aesthec value, scienfic and educaonal value, recreaonalvalue, value of ecosystem goods and service bysoil fauna are the important indirect economic values.Conservation needs of soil biodiversityIt is a fact that soil organisms have not received much attenonfrom the conservaonists. The Red Data Book ofthreatened animals (1996) by IUCN lists 1891 invertebratesas threatened, of which 193 are from India. An assessmentof the status of 94 soil invertebrate fauna from India by Danielet al. (1998) showed that 64 per cent of fauna are threatened.This may be rather exaggerated, because most ofthe species menoned were rare by distribuon and low inpopulaon. Further the taxa reported from a single locaon

5 Evergreenwith few or no record aer their inial studies were amongthe list. Nevertheless, the situaon seems to be alarmingand further aenon is required to save at least some of thetaxa facing exncon in course of me.There is an urgent need to create a database on differentorganisms occupying different soil types and climac zones.Technological and scienfic knowledge gained during thepast few years provided effecve scienfic tools for characterizaonof belowground biodiversity. Theorecal advancementin belowground ecology also provided clues tothe nature of interacons among various organisms, thestructure of soil food web, nutrient movement etc.REFERENCESColeman, D.C. and Whitman, W.B. 2005. Linking species richness,biodiversity and ecosystem funcon in soil systems. Pedobiologia,49: 479-497.Daniel, B.A., Molur, S. and Walker, S. (eds). 1998. Report of theworkshop “Conservaon Assessment and Management Planfor Selected Soil Invertebrates of South India” (BCCP-EndangeredSpecies Report), Zoo Outreach Organizaon, Conserva-on Breeding Specialist Group, IndiaDecaëns, T. 2010. Macroecological paerns in soil communies.Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19: 287–302.D ecaëns, T., Jiménez, J.J., Gioia, C., Measey, G.J. and Lavelle, P.2006. The value of soil animals for conservaon biology. EuropeanJournal of Soil Biology, 42: 23-38.Hooper, D.U., Bignell, D.E., Brown, V.K., Brussard, L., Dangerfield,J.M., Wall, D.H., Wardle, D.A., Coleman, D.C., Giller,K.E., Lavelle, P., Van Der Puen, W.H., De Ruiter, P.C., Rusek,J., Silver, W.L., Tiedje , J.M. and Wolters , V. 2000. I nterac-ons between aboveground and belowground biodiversity interrestrial ecosystems: paerns, mechanisms, and feedbacks.BioScience, 50: 1049-1061.H uguenin, M.T., Legge, C.G. andPaterson, R.W. 2006. Economic valuaon of soil fauna. EuropeanJournal of Soil Biology, 42: 16-22.Sala, O.E., Chapin, F.S., Armesto, J.J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo,R., Huber-Sanwald, E., Huenneke, L.F., Jackson, R.B., Kinzig,A., Leemans, R., Lodge, D.M., Mooney, H.A., Oesterheld, M.,Poff, N.L., Sykes, M.T., Walker, B.H., Walker, M. and Wall, D.H.2000. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science,287: 1770-1774.Sylvain, Z.A. and Wall, D.H. 2011. Linking soil biodiversity and vegetaon:implicaons for a changing planet. American Journalof Botany, 98: 517-527Usher, M.B. 1976. Aggregaon responses of soil arthropods inrelaon to the soil environment. In: Anderson, J.M. and MacFadyen, A. (eds.), The Role of Terrestrial and Aquac Organismsin Decomposion Processes. Blackwell Scienfic, Oxford.Usher, M.B., Booth, R.G. and Sparkes, K.E. 1982. A review of progressin understanding the organisaon of communies of soilarthropods. Pedobiologia, 23: 126-144.Van Noordwijk, M. and Swi, M.J. 1999. Belowground biodiversityand sustainability of complex agroecosystems. In: Gafur, A.,Susilo, F.X., Utomo, M. and van Noordwijk, M. (eds.), Proceedingsof a Workshop on Management of Agrobiodiversity in Indonesiafor Sustainable Land Use and Global EnvironmentalBenefits. UNILA/PUSLIBANGTAN, Bogor, 19-20.Wardle, D.A. 2006. The influence of bioc interacons on soil biodiversity.Ecology Leers, 9: 870–886.Wardle, D.A., Bardge, R.D., Klironomus, J.N., Setälä, H., van derPuen, W.H. and Wall, D.H. 2004. Ecological linkages betweenaboveground and belowground biota. Science, 304: 1629-1633.Wolters, V. 2001. Biodiversity of soil animals and its funcon. EuropeanJournal of Soil Biology, 37: 221-227.V.V. Sudheendrakumar and P. Mujeeb RahmanDepartment of Forest EntomologyTraining ProgrammesKFRI offers specialized training courses in tropical forestry. It will also be possible to providetailor-made training depending upon specific needs of the stakeholders. The medium of instructionis English. KFRI is an approved training centre of the Ministry of Environment,Government of India for training the officers of Indian ForestService. Also, various state forest departments have sponsored candidatesfor several training course in the past. Overseas participants from Myanmar,Sri Lanka, China, Nepal, Ethiopia and Uganda have attended differenttraining course.For further details please contact:Programme Co-ordinator Ph: +91 487 2690100Extension and Training Division +91 487 2690330Kerala Forest Research Institute Fax: +91 487 2699249Peechi-680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA Email: training@kfri.org

6 EvergreenPropagaon Technique of Palmyra PalmPalmyra palm or sugarpalm or (Borassus flabelliferL.), commonlyknown as Karimpana(Fig.1) which belongs tothe family Arecaceae, isa mulpurpose tree ofgreat ulity and occursextensively in the TamilNadu and Palakkad Districtin Kerala. It is a tall,erect, magnificent dioecious(rarely hermaphrodite)palm, 20-31 mheight and 1.0-2.2 m inFig. 1. Palmyra palmgirth with a crown of 30-40 large fan-shaped fronds. A variety of products of economicand subsistence value are obtained from palmyra:its fruits and tuberous seedlings are edible, beverage andsugar is obtained from the sap, fibre from the leaf and leafbase is used for weaving and plaing and for making brushesand cordage. Wood from the trunk of the palms used forconstrucon and as fuelwood. Apart from these numerousother minor products are also obtained from palmyra palm.Thus it has an important role in the subsistence economyof the rural populaon. Nevertheless, overexploitaon andlack of concerted efforts in planng threatens the species.Propagaon of the species becomes crucial in this context.Palmyra is generally propagated through seeds. Althoughpolyembryony and twin-seedlings have been reported, ingeneral only one seedling emerges. In the early stages ofgerminaon only the underground poron grows downward,and later the aerial poron of the seedling elongatesand develops into stem. The palm usually starts floweringat the age of 15 years aer the commencement of aerialgrowth, but in some cases flowering is delayed even up to30 years. Flowers appear during the months of March-Mayin some areas and fruits will ripe by August through September.Alternavely, in some other areas, flowers appearduring the months of November through February. The fruitis a fleshy drupe, spherical with a flat boom and it weighsabout 1-3 kg (Fig.2). The ripe fruit varies in colour from lightgold at the end aached to the spadix, to brown and nearlyblack towards the other end.Although the fruit develops from three fused carpel, thenumber of pyrenes within the mesocarp varies one to four(Fig.3). The endocarp is hard and covers each seed, whichhas a brown testa(Fig.4). The endospermis gelanouswhen the seed isyoung, filling theenre cavity aer60-70 days of fer-lizaon. As thefruits mature, theendosperm hardens,forming a cavity at its center. The endosperm has fats,Fig. 2. A bunch of palmyra fruitsoils, and proteins, but no starch. The embryo is posionedbelow the germ-pore and embedded within the endosperm.The germ-pore is situated at the sgmac end of the fruit.GerminaonGerminaon of palmyra palm is different from other relatedgenera of the family Arecaceae. Palms usually show twodisnct types of germinaon; with or without extensionof the cotyledonary sheath (apocolon). The palmyra palmis typically one where the sheath grows downward beforethe first leaf sprouts up from a considerable depth in theground. The cellulosic endosperm is progressively digestedto simpler carbohydrates by the cotyledon and furnished tothe developing plumule and radicle.Seeds of palmyra palm germinate within 15 to 20 days ofFig. 3. Cross-secon of 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-seeded fruits; Fig. 4. Pyrene of palmyra palm; Fig.5. Seed germinaonFig. 6. Elongaon of apocolons from three-seeded fruit during tubular germinaon

7 EvergreenFig. 7a. Raised bed prepared by concrete slabs;b. Extracng apocolons;c . Exposed apocolons;d . Leaf rudiment exposed from sheath ofapocolon aached to radicle;e. Poly-poed seedling;f . 2-month-old palmyra palm seedlingsowing (Fig.5). During germinaon of the seed, the singlecotyledon enlarges and emerges as a germ tube breakingthe endocarp. The germ tube elongates as a pale yellowsheath enclosing the embryo and carries it down. This hypocotylis referred as the “apocolon”, a storage organ of thefirst rudimentary leaf, which gets iniated at the center ofthe apocolon (Fig.6). The apocolon, although referred to asa “tuber” is neither a modified stem nor a root. It is a modifiedhypocotyl enclosing the coleople and coleorhiza. Duringearly stages of apocolon formaon, the spongy haustoriumthat is formed in the center of the seed stores thehydrolyzed sugars of the endosperm.As days advance during apocolon maturity, the stored metabolitesand nutrients from the endosperm of the seed aremobilized, leading to an increase in weight of the apocolon.This results decrease in weight of the pyrene, leading to anempty endocarp, which detaches from the apocolon. As theapocolon matures, the sheath, which inially carried theapocolon down, looses its weight gradually and becomesthin and leathery. When the apocolon reaches opmummaturity, radicle comes out of the apocolon base leadingto formaon of roots. Finally, plumule comes out of theapocolon and grows from the soil, forming spindle-shapedfirst leaf. It takes about 150-160 days for the first leaf ofthe seedling to come out of soil. At this me, the root growdeep in to the soil and it will be very difficult to transplantthe seedling without damage of root system.To overcome this problem, we developed a nursery techniqueto produce seedlings of palmyra palm. Inially, raisedbed was prepared using concrete slabs/heap of soil, with1.5-2 m height (Figs.7a & 8a-c) and the cleaned pyrenes werekept on top of the heap and covered with a layer of soil.Aer one month the soil was removed vercally with careusing a crowbar (Figs.7b-c & 8b-c) and the apocolon withroots was carefully separated (Fig.7d). The exposed spindleshapedrudimentary leaf from the sheath of apocolon withaached radicle was ploy-poed in a mixture of soil, sandand cow dung in the rao of 2:1:1 (Fig.7e). Aer one monthof growth, it becomes a quality plantable seedling (Fig.7f).Dr.PK Chandrasekhara Pillai and R Varun MenonSilviculture Department, Kerala Forest Seed CentreFig. 8. Cost effecve method for producing palmyra palm seedling (a) Palmyra seedssown on soil heap; (b) Extracngapocolon; (c) Exposed apocolons

8 EvergreenFlowering Plants of Kerala – DVD ver. 2.0.The DVD on Flowering plants of Kerala ver. 2.0 is a compila-on of the flowering plants so far recorded from the state ofKerala. The DVD has two secons, secon-1 includes introducon,locaon, geology, soil, climate, phytogeography,vegetaon, literature review and discussion. Secon-2 dealswith search categories. The main search categories are species,local names and advanced search (Fig. 1).The Species Search has two opons viz., starng with andanywhere. By selecng starng with opon, plants can besorted out with generic name. The anywhere opon is to sortout plants based on their species name. For example, underthis opon if you type the leers ‘malab’ all the scienficnames with specific epithets malabaricum, malabaricus,malabatrum, malabarica will be displayed with full citaonof publicaons and images of the plants (Fig. 2). For viewingfurther details, click the buon View Details. Then, anotherwindow will appear in which the family name, habit,conservaon status (if any), endemic status (if endemic),flowering and fruing period, habitat, distribuon andbuons such as citaon, descripon, localies and localnames are displayed (Fig. 3). For enlarged view, click overthe images of the plants. The second search opon is withLocal Names. By clicking over the buon Local Names, anew window will appear. From this window, plants can besearched by typing the local name in the space provided orby selecng the local names displayed in alphabecal order.When a local name is selected, its correct scienfic nameand other local names (both Malayalam as well as English)will appear (Fig. 4). By clicking over the buon View Details,further details can be viewed.The third search opon is the Advanced Search. By clickingover this buon a new window will appear. In this window,there is provision to search plants based on family, genus,monocotyledons, dicotyledons, gymnosperms, leaf type(simple, compound, leafless), flowers (single, group), fruit(fleshy, dry), habit (climbers, shrubs, herbs, trees), flowercolour (blue, brown, creamy, green, orange, pink, red, rose,violet, white, yellow), conservaon status (exnct, exnctin the wild, crically endangered, endangered, vulnerable,near threatened, least concern, data deficient, not evaluated,all threatened species), habitat (aquac/marshy plants,evergreen forests, semi-evergreen forests, deciduous forests,mangroves, grasslands), districts (Thiruvananthapuram,Kollam, Pathanamthia, Idukki, Koayam, Alappuzha,Thrissur, Palakkad, Malappuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad,Kannur, Kasaragode), garden plants, medicinal plants, ediblefruits, poisonous plants, exoc plants, endemic plants,vegetables, epiphytes, saprophytes, stem parasites, rootparasites and weeds (Fig. 5). All the above categories can besearched in a family, habitat or district. When a search categoryor categories are selected, the plants belonging to thesearch category or categories will be displayed. Then theclick the buon View Details, for further details. The DVDis designed to idenfy plants by selecng a few easily ob-Fig. 1

9 EvergreenFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4servable features or user categories even for people notfamiliar with the botanical terms. All permutaons andcombinaons are possible among the search categories.For example, if a garden plant is to be idenfied, selectthe garden plant opon. On clicking more search categoriessuch as leaf type, flower colour, habit, etc. the numberof plants sorted out will get reduced to one or a few.The plants selected with the idenficaon characters canbe confirmed with the pictures and descripon by clickingthe View Details buon.The families are arranged following the Classificaon systemof Bentham & Hooker with delimitaon to certainfamilies according to their recent concepts. The correctbotanical name with author(s)’s citaon, basionyms andimportant synonyms, if any, reference to Flora of BrishIndia, Flora of Presidency of Madras, Flora of India (Revised),Monographs, Revisions, Flora of Kerala, Flora ofDistricts/Protected Areas of Kerala, etc. are also cited.District wise occurrence (map) is provided along with imagesof the species (up to 14). There are 5,094 taxa (4606species; 110 subspecies; 370 variees; 8 forma) under1537 genera belonging to 221 families in the Checklist.Out of the 5094 taxa, 880 are exocs introduced as agriculture,forestry, horculture, garden plants as well asaccidentally entered species. As many as 1,418 taxa areaddions to the Flora of Presidency of Madras, of which355 are new and 1,063 new records of occurrence. TheConservaon Status is also indicated for taxa belong tothe Red Listed Category. In the DVD, there are 18,570 imagesof plants including RET as well as interesng species,11,437 scienfic names (5,094 correct names + 6,343 synonyms)and 6,768 local/trade/common names.Dr N SasidharanScienst-G & Programme Co-ordinatorFE & BC DivisionDr. B.P. Pal Naonal Environment Fellowship Award forBiodiversityFig. 5Dr N Sasidharan, Programme Coordinator, Division of ForestEcology and BiodiversityConservaon, bagged thepresgious Dr. B.P. Pal Na-onal Environment FellowshipAward for Biodiversityfor his outstanding contribuonto the field of PlantTaxonomy and Biodiversityconservaon. This NaonalFellowship is given eachyear to one scienst andis instuted in recognionof significant Research andDevelopment contribuonsmade by the scienst and to encourage him to connue R&Dpursuits in the area of environmental sciences and biodiversity.Dr Sasidharan was awarded this fellowship for 2 yearsfrom January 2012, to work on the taxonomy, conservaonand ulizaon of Salacia (Celastraceae) in Kerala

10 EvergreenAbstracts of KFRI Research ReportsKFRI Res. Rep No. 385Improvement of infrastructural facilies in theBotanical gardens of Bioresources Nature Trailat NilamburUM ChandrashekaraThe Kerala Forest Research Instute has developed about10 ha of land into a Bioresources Nature Park at its Sub Centreat Nilambur. The Bioresources Nature Park has conservaonthemes for the lower groups of plants such as algae,bryophytes and pteridophytes, plants found in specializedecological niche such as xerophytes (cac and succulents)and hydrophytes (aquac plants), beneficial plants (eg. medicinalplants) and ornamental plants (eg. orchids), with specialreference to endemic and rare, endangered and threatened(RET) species. Ministry of Environment and Forests,through its Botanical Garden Scheme financed a short-termproject to the KFRI to improve the facilies in the BioresourcesNature Park; specifically for theme areas such asFern House and Bryophyte House by collecng plant propagulesof endangered and endemic ferns, bryophytes and angiospermsand to assemble them in appropriate theme areain the Bioresources Nature Trail, thereby help in increasingpublic awareness of the value of biodiversity conservaonneeds. Propagules of endangered and endemic ferns, bryophytesand angiosperms were collected and assembled inappropriate theme area in the Bioresources Nature Trail.As part of the scheme, twenty-one rare and endemic bryophytespecies, forty-eight fern species (twenty-five rare andtwenty-three common species) and seventeen angiospermspecies belonging to different conservaon status havebeen planted in the Bioresources Nature Trail. In addionsignificant measures were taken to increase the appearanceand presentaon of the collecons.KFRI Res. Rep No. 386Pink disease in teak plantaons in Kerala andits managementC. MohananYoung teak plantaons in Kerala are affected by pink diseasecaused by Erythricium salmonicolor and outbreak of diseasevery oen results in heavy damage to the stands. An assessmentof the disease situaon in young teak plantaons indifferent Forest Circles of the State was carried out to workout possible disease management measures. The study wascarried out in selected 26 teak plantaons of the age group2-to 7-years-old in the Central, Southern and Northern ForestCircles of the State. Observaons on disease incidenceand severity, measurements of tree height, girth, etc. wererecorded. Causal organism, Erythricium salmonicolor wasisolated from disease specimens and growth studies werecarried out. Fungicides, Calixin (Tridemorph), Contaf (Hexaconazole)and Fytran (Copper oxychloride) at different concentraonswere screened against selected isolates of E.salmonicolor employing poisoned food technique.High rainfall together with persistence of very high atmospherichumidity for a long period in the teak stands, possiblehigh genec variability and coexistence of genecallydifferent strains of pathogen in the same locality arepossible factors for high incidence, development, and fastspread of the disease. Presence of large stretches of plantaonsof Hevea brasiliensis, Acacia mangium, A. auriculiformisor Eucalyptus terecornis on the peripheral areas ofteak stands possibly influences the microclimate, especiallythe relave humidity of the area. As these plantaon speciesare potenal hosts of Erythricium salmonicolor, thereis also possibility of existence of genecally different strainsof pathogen and also build up of inoculum potenal of thepathogen. Presence of heavy weeds and undergrowths inthe teak stands further contributes in maintaining the conduciveenvironment for the growth and development of thepink disease pathogen.Results of laboratory screening of fungicides showed thatboth the systemic fungicides, Calixin 80 EC (Tridemorph)@ 0.01 % a.i. and Contaf 5 EC (Hexaconazole) @ 0.001 %a.i. are highly effecve in arresng the colony growth of E.salmonicolor. The contact fungicide Fytran (Copper oxychloride)was also effecve @ 0.3% a.i. For managing the pinkdisease in plantaon, applicaon of Calixin @ 0.1% a.i. orContaf @ 0.001 % a.i. as spray on main stem will be effec-ve. However, to avoid or reduce the incidence of pink diseasein young teak plantaons, the scheduled silviculturaloperaons including weeding have to be carried out melyand promptly. Moreover, for achieving best result on diseasemanagement in teak plantaon, more informaon onthe genec variability of pink disease pathogen and diseaseeology is warranted.

11 EvergreenKFRI Res. Rep No. 391Planng stock producon of selected commercialspecies of bamboos.CK Somen , KK Unni, KK Seethalakshmi,VP RaveendranAndaman & Nicobar islands, the largerst archipelago systemconsisng of 306 islands, and more than 300 islets and isone of the hotspots of biodiversity surveyed for bamboos.Extensive collecon of specimens was made from bothAndaman & Nicobar group of islands. Eight species ofbamboos belonging to five genera are known to occur inAndaman & Nicobar islands alone. Five species viz. Dinochloanicobariana, Pseudobambusa kurzii, Schizostachyumandamanicum, S. kalpongianum, and S. rogersii are endemicto these islands. Recent report on the occurrence ofDendrocalamus calostachys, Schizostachyum dulloa and S.polymorphum from the wild is to be re-examined. Probablythe said species might have been recently introduced tothe Island and culvated. Descripon of all the naturallyoccurring bamboos in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is madeas part of the study. The illustraons are provided for thenewly described species and crical comments or notes arepriovided.Planng stock of 25 commercial species of bamboos listedbelow belonging to 10 genera was produced using macroand micro-propagaon techniques: 1. Bambusa balcoa,2. B. bambos, 3. B. nutans, 4. B. polymorpha 5. B. striata,6. B. tulda, 7. B. vulgaris, 8. B. wamin, 9. Dendrocalamusasper, 10. D. brandisii, 11. D. giganteus, 12. D. hamiltoni,13. D. longispathus, 14. D. sikkimensis, 15. D. strictus,16.Gigantochloa atroviolacea, 17. Gigantochloa rostrata,18. Guadua angusfolia, 19. Melocanna bambusoides, 20.Ochlandra scriptoria, 21. O. travancorica, 22. O. travancoricavar.hirsuta, 23. Oxytenanthera stocksii 24. Thyrsostachysoliveri and 25. Teinostachyum dullooa.The propagules were produced in the Instute nurseries.Seedlings of Bambusa bambos, B. tulda, Dendrocalamushamiltonii, D. strictus, Melocanna bambusoides, Ochlandratravancorica and O. scriptoria were raised in nursery bedsand poed in polythene bags. Macro-proliferaon ofseedlings of Bambusa tulda previously raised in the nurserywas carried out by spling the rhizome poron bearingtwo or more shoots. Vegetave propagaon of Bambusabalcoa, B. vulgaris (green), B. vulgaris var striata (yellow),Dendrocalamus brandisii, D. giganteus, D. longispathus,D. stocksii, D. sikkimensis, Gigantochloa atroviolacea, andThyrsostachys oliveri was done by treang culm cungswith growth regulators viz. naphthalene acec acid (NAA)and indole butyric acid (IBA). The proliferaon capacitywas about 2.5 mes (1000 seedlings to 2500 propagules). Atotal of 83,570 propagules were produced of which 24,336plants were supplied to farmers, voluntary organisaons,schools and Government Departments for different typesof planng acvies such as boundary or block planng,strip planng on river banks and bio-shield in coastal areas,landscaping, establishment of bambusetum, explants forssue culture laboratories etc. The remaining planng stockis maintained in the nurseries at FRC, Velupadam and KFRICampus, Peechi. Macro-proliferaon is connued and theplanng stock is being distributed on demand.KFRI Res. Rep No. 394Forests and agricultural ecosystem analysisto assess ecosystem health and to idenfyrehabilitaon strategies in the Kerala part of NilgiriBiosphere Reserve.UM ChandrashekaraThe Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the first BiosphereReserve of India constuted under the Biosphere ReserveProgramme has an area of 5520 Km 2 , encompassing partsof the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu WesternGhats. The Kerala part of NBR covering an area of 1455 km 2is rich in biological diversity due to the presence of a widerange of biophysical and climac condions. Like most otherprotected areas, the NBR is also facing the threat of forestdegradaon and natural resource depleon at a landscapelevel, parcularly in village-fringe forests. A study to analysethe vegetaon structure and composion in village-adjacentforests and in the relavely undisturbed forests of theBiosphere Reserve and also to determine the causes andlevel of disturbance in the village-adjacent forests wasmade. Changes in cropping paern in the villages and theirimpact on forest resource flow into the village landscapeunits was also aempted as part of the study to idenfy theforest rehabilitaon strategies.The village-adjacent forest plots were secondary forestsexperiencing different levels of disturbance. In theseforest plots, lier collecon and other anthropogenicdisturbances have reduced the number of species in theseedling community. However, in the forest plots adjacentto villages like Kadasseri and Manikunnmala, the speciesnumber increased due to invasion of exoc species from theadjoining landuse systems. In general, the tree density invillage-adjacent forest plots was significantly lesser than thatin the undisturbed forest plots. Landuse and land-cover inthe villages adjacent to 10 forest plots were analyzed with aview to understand their impact on the forest plots. The areaunder agriculture ranged from 65 to 81 per cent of the totalvillage area, dominated by farms of coconut, areca nut andrubber. Quanty of fuel wood collected from the adjacentforest plot ranged from 3.9 to 18.9 kg ha -1 of forest area.On an average, about 1,000 kg of free seeds/fruits ha -1 werealso removed from the forest floor in four months periodand thus the tree seedling abundance in the lier collectedplots was significantly low. In all the ten villages, livestockis an integral part of agriculture and grazing in forest plotsis common with the number of Adult Cale Units (ACUs)ranging from 3 to 78 individuals day -1 km -1 .The study indicated that despite prohibion, the resourcecollecon in different forms, magnitude and frequency isconnuing in the village-adjacent forest plots. The resultantecological changes have profound effects on the forest spe-

12 Evergreencies composion and structure. For accelerang progressivesuccession in the forest plots, silvicultural pracces such as,assisted natural regeneraon and enrichment planng areto be adopted. Species suitable for such programmes arealso listed. The need for a Village-Forest Commiee, comprisingof the representaves of all stakeholder groups, toeach village-adjacent forest plot and a Village-Forest CommieeFund as a long-term measure to ensure connuoussupport for sustainable management of village-adjacentforests in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve has been highlightedhere.KFRI Res. Rep No. 396Mass producvity of HpNPV, a biopescide forteak defoliator management.VV Sudheendrakumar , TV SajeevMass producon of HpNPV, a potenal biopescide againstthe teak defoliator Hyblaea puera (Cramer) was aempted.During the study period HpNPV amounng to a total of2.2x1013POBs was produced which was sufficient for applicaonin BOUT 4000 ha of teak plantaon.As an acvity of the project, aempts were made to transferteak defoliator management technology to the Forest Divisionsof Nilambur North and South. Trainings on various aspectsof defoliator management using HpNPV biopescidewere conducted for the benefit of the Forest Departmentfield staff including foresters, forest guards and watchers.Defoliator monitoring techniques were included in the firstphase of the training. In the second phase training was givenon the HpNPV applicaon methods. The trainings helped tocreate an awareness among the forest staff on the need foradopng control measure against the defoliator aack forincreasing the producvity of teak plantaons. This modelcan be pracced in state, naonal and transconnentallevel. Under the research component of the project, theshelf life of the formulated HpNPV product was evaluated.The study showed decrease in acvity of the biopescideformulaon with increase in the storage me. The acvityrao of 76 aer 18 months storage was found decreased to11 by 42 months. As one of the achievement of the project,HpNPV technology could be introduced to a private teakgrower in Chasgarh. The effecveness of HpNPV was wellappreciated by the farmer by using the product in his plantaon.A documentary on teak defoliator management wasalso produced for distribuon among teak farmers.KFRI Res. Rep No. 397Linking conservaon and forest management withsustainable livelihoods and resource use conflict inAgasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve.V. AnithaThis study holds significance in the context of special emphasisbeing laid by the UNESCO to establish linkages betweenconservaon and forest management with sustainablelivelihood in Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve (ABR),having a potenal for being recognized as a biodiversityrichWorld Heritage Site. In this study aempt was made tobring together insights from emerging forestry and conservaonparadigms and invesgates their relevance in establishingthe aforesaid linkages in the Kerala part of ABR. Inthe study area, human-related constraints in managementmainly relate to the lack of absolute involvement of primarystakeholders and others in parcipatory management, thesocial and economic dependencies of the Kanis/local communiesthat conflict with the objecves of the BR, andthe actual commercial threats. Towards this, the study recommendsadopng an integrated landscape livelihood approachin BR management. Land use changes in the studyarea have been highly complex due to human interaconsover a period of me. The land reforms introduced in theState over a period of me have brought about instuonalchanges leading to drasc transformaon in the land holdingpaern and subsequent shi in land use and croppingpaern in the study area.Encouraging scienfic agriculture on one side and pungfirm acon on those converng forest lands on the otherwill deter further depleon of such a fragile ecosystem.Recreaon/ecotourism is a highly significant economic useof the Biosphere Reserve with immense economic potenalfor development as an important tourist desnaon. With

13 EvergreenGovernment and development agencies focusing mainly onpoverty alleviaon, ensuring good standard of living to peopleand environment stability, ecotourism could be a viablealternave for the sustainable management of forests andsocietal welfare at large. For ensuring environmental stability,ecotourism ventures must be followed by adequateforest expansion acvies. To this the study recommendsa site-specific programme towards acon plan for environmentaland economic security. The strategies for sustainablerecreaon emphasizes on the pro-poor tourism strategyon sustainable tourism focusing on economic benefits,non economic benefits and policy reforms with special referenceto the underprivileged. The results of the study haveput forth strategies and acon plans for conservaon, thusadhering to the Seville Strategy of Biosphere Reserves andthe Convenon of Biological Diversity.In Peninsular India, Bambusoideae is represented by 22 speciesand two variees under seven genera. Ochlandra is thedominant genus of South India comprising eleven speciesand one variety so far reported from South India and widelydistributed. In the present report the species Ochlandratravancorica var. hirsuta Gamble, O. sivagiriana (Gamble)Camus and O. soderstromiana Muktesh & Stephen are synonymisedunder O. travancorica (Bedd.) Benth. The followingspecies namely, Ochlandra beddomei, O. scriptoria, O.travancorica and O. wighi are typified. Crical and detailedstudy revealed that true monadelphous condion does notexist in the genus Ochlandra. Based on the affinies, thespecies under the genus Ochlandra are grouped as Travancoricagroup and Scriptoria group. A new combinaon underthe genus Dendrocalamus is proposed. A species fromthe genus Oxytenanthera is transferred to the genus Dendrocalamus.The species Dendrocalamus strictus was typified.Aer a detailed study, the variety Bambusa bambosvar. gigantea is treated as a synonym of Bambusa bambos.In the present study, the genus name Oxytenanthera is retained.The spelling in the specific epithet of O. bourdilloniiand O. ritchiei are corrected and O. bourdillonii typified. Thegenus Arundinaria in South India previously treated underSinarundinaria has been reverted to the genus Arundinariaand A. wighana is typified. Teinostachyum wighi was previouslytreated under the genus Schizostachyum as S. beddomei.The basionym Teinostachyum wighi is accepted andtypified in the present study.According to the present study, there are 22 nave speciesof bamboos in South India. Of the 22 species, 20 areKFRI Res. Rep No. 399Bamboos of Peninsular India.MS Muktheshkumar

14 Evergreenit is planned to provide extra thrust to understanding theterrestrial Carbon Cycle through a “Naonal Carbon Project”.The project has three major components and aims tounderstand Vegetaon Carbon pools, Soil Carbon pools andSoil-Vegetaon Carbon fluxes.The major objecves of the Vegetaon Carbon Pool assessmentproject are:1. Assessment of terrestrial vegetaon biomass in thecountry using ground sampling and satellite remotesensing data, and2. Generaon of geospaal data of the terrestrial phytomasscarbon of India along with esmates of uncertainty.Among these, fulfillment of the first objecve in the NorthernKerala region is the major thrust area of the currentproject.Under this subproject, determinaon of soil organic carbonin surface and sub-surface soils of forests of Northern Keralais covered in the present study. A cluster based samplingusing remote sensing data for straficaon was suggestedat naonal level by ISRO and the same methodology wasadopted in the current work.distributed in Kerala, 6 in Karnataka, 5 in Tamil Nadu and 2in Andhra Pradesh. Among these, 13 species are endemicto this phytogeographic region. In the Southern WesternGhats bamboos form a major component of the biodiversity.They show a high degree of endemism and most of thespecies have a restricted distribuon. Recently, some ofthe so far known endemic species are found distributed inSri Lanka. This gives an indicaon of the affinies of the SriLankan flora with the flora of South India.KFRI Res. Rep No. 400Naonal Carbon Project: Spaal assessment ofvegetaon and soil carbon pool of Northern Kerala.ARR Menon, Thomas P ThomasIn the long term, a sustainable forest management strategyaimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks,while producing an annual sustained yield of mber, fiber orenergy from the forest, will generate the largest sustainedmigaon benefit. Therefore, it is very much essenal tounderstand and quanfy the terrestrial carbon balance ofIndia and its associated uncertaines. Pilot studies havebeen done in India to esmate forest /vegetaon carbonand these esmates are spread over a decade and are basedon different approaches viz: historical records, ecologicaldata and populaon based forest biomass, scales and classificaonschemes and objecves. In the 11 th Five Year PlanInformaon on trees outside forests (TOF) was generated inthree phases: land use classificaon and mapping; idenficaonof tree-cover classes; and measurement of tree characteriscs.Satellite images and aerial photos were suitablefor the first two. High-resoluon satellite images are likelyto allow the idenficaon of single trees (or crowns) andcan be a data source for a large-area TOF inventory.KFRI Res. Rep No. 401Clonal seed orchard management for higher seedproducvity in teak.KK Seethalakshmi, EM Muralidharan, George Thomas,M Balagopalan, CK SomenFor genec improvement of planng stock of teak, clonalseed orchards were established in Kerala during 1979- 81 bybud graing selected plus trees from different geographicorigins. Even aer 15 years of growth, flowering and seedproducon in most of the clones were not promising. It wassuspected that lack of flowering may be due to any one ormore of the following reasons. 1. Growth of root stock insteadof scion during the establishment of gras. 2. Stock -scion interacon 3. Nutrional imbalances. 4. Physiologicalreasons like hormonal inadequacy, insufficient light, temperature,moisture, etc. To find out the nature of floweringand seed producon in exisng clones, a study was undertakenin the seed orchard at Kalluveamkuzhi, Arippa. Observaonswere recorded on nature of flowering, molecular

15 EvergreenMDH SOD ESTFig. 1. Banding paern of seven clones from the seed orchard at Palapilly using three isozyme systemscharacteriscs of root and shoot DNA of 11 trees belongingto three plus trees, nutrional status and physiological parametersamong flowered and non-flowered trees.The study revealed that the percentage of flowering variedfrom 2-3 in 1999 and 2000 which increased to 5 in 2001 and2002. The phenological phase of fruing were spread overa period of seven months i.e., from June to December. Theclones differed in flower producon per inflorescence. Thefruit producon varied from 65g/tree to 300g/tree. The averagefruit producon was 125g/tree.Cluster analysis of RAPD data revealed five disnct clusters.Three plus trees stood separate from rametes and formed adisnct cluster. Flowered and non-flowered clones showeda tendency to group together into separate clusters. Twoclusters each were obtained for flowered and non-floweredclones. With minor excepons, the DNA from the scion ofa clone clustered with the DNA from its stock. The resultsindicated that the stock and scion of a clone were highlysimilar at the DNA level and the scions did not evince anyrelaon to the plus trees from which they were derived.In addion, the flowered and non-flowered clones weregenecally disnct. Since the number of samples analysedwas limited a definite conclusion could not be drawn fromthese results. No polymorphism could be found in isozymeanalysis in the material collected from seed orchards also.The foliar nutrient contents N, P, K, Ca and Mg showedconsiderable variaon within clones and between clones.There was a decrease in P and K contents in the leaves oftrees flowered from the me of flowering ll fruit matura-on aer which there was an inial increase, though notprominent. If a stress was given to the trees by giving moreP and K at the me of flowering and very low N, Ca and Mg,to a certain extent the problem of poor flowering could besolved if all other condions were conducive to flowering.Eco-physiological studies in the orchards showed that parameterslike light, temperature or rainfall were not a limitaonfor seed producon at Kalluveamkuzhy. This maybe due to the wider spacing (8x8m minimum) given whileplanng ramets in this orchard.The results obtained in the study points to the possibility ofgra failure in the ramets and the low variability betweenthe clones and ramets used in the study. Use of rootedcungs of micropropagated plants and adopng a morefavourable spacing in future clonal seed orchards is suggested.KFRI Res. Rep No. 404Establishment of a tree health helpline for thestate of Kerala.VV Sudheendrakumar, TV SajeevThe project was iniated to help tree growers by givingthem advice on pest and disease management associatedwith tree crops. Both the private sector and public sectortree growers were expected to be benefited by this service.During the study period most of the queries received werefrom the Forest Department. The pest and disease problemswere associated with teak and eucalypts. The data indicatedthe need for popularising the acvies of the helpline so asto extend the service to more clients.

16 EvergreenOngoing Research ProgrammesProject NoTitlePrincipalInvesgatorProposedFundingagencyKFRI/RP-610/2011 Preparaon of a wetland atlas of Kerala Nair PV KSBBKFRI/RP-611/2011Populaon evaluaon and development of propagaon protocolfor three Rare, Endangered and Threatened (RET) treesfrom Kerala part of Western GhatsSomen CKPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-612/2011Detecon and eradicaon of the giant African snail (Achanafulica) in KeralaSajeev TVKSCSTEKFRI/RP-613/2011Growth model for Acacia auriculiformis in relaon to soilcondions in KeralaRugmini PPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-614/2011 Genec diversity and conservaon of Teak phase II Indira EP Plan GrantsKFRI/RP-615/2011Large scale propagaon of Embelia ribes and Embelia tsjeriam-coam-twoimportant threatened medicinal plantsthrough in vitro / in vivo techniques and repopulang theforests with parcipaon of tribal groupsRaghu AVPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-616/2011 Tree flora of Kerala Sasidharan N Plan GrantsKFRI/RP-617/2011Development of instuonal capability for DNA barcoding oflife formsMuralidharan EMPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-618/2011 Pilot scale micropropagaon of important forestry species Muralidharan EM Plan GrantsKFRI/RP-619/2011 Vever system technology for river bank stablilisaon Sandeep S KFRI-PGKFRI/RP-620/2011KFRI/RP-621/2011KFRI/RP-622/2011Populaon ecology of the Lion tailed macaque in Silent ValleyNaonal Park, its buffer zones and Muthikulam High ValueBiodiversity AreaAppraisal of Forest Rights Act, 2006-Implementaon amongthe primive tribal groups (PTGs) in KeralaDevelopment experiences of selected groups of ScheduledTribes in the Kerala part of Western GhatsRamachandran KKAnitha VAmruth MPlan GrantsPlan GrantsPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-623/2011 Taxonomic manual on Indian Palms Sreekumar VB Plan GrantsKFRI/RP-624/2011Development of seed handling technologies for selectedbamboo speciesSeethalakshmi KKNBMKFRI/RP-625/2011Biosystemacs and conservaon biology of the genus Cinnamomumin the Western GhatsHrideek TKMOEFKFRI/RP-626/2011Genec status and livelihood trajectories of CholanaickanTribal Women with reference to Sickle Cell AnaemiaSuma TBDSTKFRI/RP-627/2011 Long term studies on climate change Sajeev TV Plan Grants

17 EvergreenKFRI/RP627.1/2011Reinvesgang study plots established by KFRI during 1975-2010 to measure forest migraon, range shis of species andcomposional changes in the context of climate changeSreejith KAPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-627.2/2011Establishment of permanent plots in all forest types alongthe elevaon gradient for connous monitoring of climatechange induced variaonsSreekumar V BPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-627.3/2011Seed ecological and regeneraon studies on key stone speciesof the evergreen and moist decidous forest ecosystemsPillai PKCPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-627.4/2011Preparaon of protocols for availing carbon finances for forestsof KeralaSankar SPlan GrantsKFRI/RP-628/2011Populaon structure, carbon sequestraon, lier dynamics,propagaon, economics and livelihood potenal of Pseudoxyantheraritcheyi and Ochlandra segera-Two rare bamboospecies of KeralaKuruvilla ThomasKFDFKFRI/RP-629/2011 DNA Barcoding of selected bamboo species of India Suma TB DSTKFRI/RP-630/2011KFRI/RP-635/2011KFRI/RP-632/2011Mass producon of Bacillus sublis for biocontrol of sapstainon rubber woodEstablishment of herbal gardens in selected 100 schools ofPalakkad and Malappuram districts of KeralaEnvironmental impact of Pescide applicaon in CardamomHill Reserves (CHR) of southern Western GhatsFlorence EJM DBTSujanapal P NMPBR. Jayaraj DSTKFRI/RP-631/2011 Soil and water quality status of Kadukuy region Thomas PT Plan GrantsKFRI/RP-636/2011 Inventory of wetlands of kerala Nair PV ESDKFRI/RP-638/2011 Handbook on mangroves and mangrove associates of Kerala Sujanapal P KSBBKFRI/RP-637/2011KFRI/RP-639/2011KFRI/RP-640/2011Rehabilitaon of two industrially important endangeredspecies,Santalam album(chandanam)and Saracaasoca(Asokam)in homesteads of Palakkad and Malappuramdistricts of KeralaImprovement of taxonomic botanic garden at the sub-centre,Nilambur keralaEstablishment of district medicinal plants demonstraongarden at KFRI sub centre, Nilambur Malapuram district,KeralaSujanapal PChandrasekharaUMChandrasekharaUMSMPBMOEFSMPBKSBBSMPBMOEFDSTDBTKerala State Biodiversity BoardState Medicinal Plant BoardMinistry of Environment andForests,Govt. of IndiaDepartment of Science and Technology,Govt. of IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Govt. ofIndiaNMPBNBMKSCSTEKFDFESDNaonal Medicinal Plant BoardNaonal Bamboo MissionKerala State Council for Science,Technology and EnvironmentKerala Forest Development FundEnvironmental Sciences Division, Govt. ofKerala

18 EvergreenPublicaons in Journals1. Jose, P.A., Pandurangan, A.G. and Hussain, A. 2011. Effectof auxins on clonal propagaon of Gluta travancoricaBedd. - An endemic tree of Southern WesternGhats. Indian Journal of Forestry, 34 (1): 85-882. Jose,P.A. and Pandurangan, A.G. 2011. Occurrence ofalbino seedlings and its genec significance in Gluta travancoricaBedd. Indian Journal of Forestry, 34 (3): 377-3783. Rugmini, P., Jayaraman, K. and Balagopalan, M. 2011.Characterizing the relaon between soil and growth ofplantaon teak (Tectona grandis L.f.). Indian Journal ofForestry, 34(1): 23-284. Seethalakshmi, K.K and Jijeesh, C. M, 2011. Effect of posionof the node and inodle butyric acid on the root induconin culm cungs of five commercially importantDendrocalmus species. Advances in Plant science, 24 (1):209-2115. Abdul Kader, S. and Seethalakshmi, K. K. 2009. Effectof seed orientaon, media and container types on germinaonbehaviour and seedling growth of Swieteniamacrophylla under nursery condions. Seed Research,37(1&2): 68-756. Raveendran, V. P., Jijeesh, C.M. and Seethalakshmi, K.K.2011. Effect of variaon in clump density on the performanceof reed bamboo (Ochlandra travancorica Benth).Green Farming, 2 (2): 242-2437. Jijeesh, C. M. and Seethalakshmi, K. K. 2011. Reproduc-ve biology of Ochlandra wighi (Munro), an endemicReed Bamboo of Western Ghats, India. Phytomorphology,61 (1&2): 17-248. Jijeesh, C. M. and Seethalakshmi, K. K. and Raveendran,V.P. 2011. Flowering, seed characteriscs, seedling produconand field performance of Bambusa tulda (Munro)in Kerala. Green Farming, 2:455-4589. Chandrashekara, U.M., Balasundaran, M., Baiju, E.C.and Nishad, V.M. 2011. Combined effect of microbesand earthworms on compost and its influence on cropgrowth and yield. Journal of Soil Biology and Ecology, 31:183-19410. Zubair, M., Shukkur, E.A.A., Azeez, P.A.and Jayson, E.A. 2011. Feeding behaviour of three speciesof Falcons in the wild in United Arab Emirates. MillenniumZoology, 12 (1): 13 – 1911. Sivaperuman, C., and Jayson, E.A. 2011. Seasonal changesof bird community in the Vembanad- Kole RamsarSite, India. Journal of Scienfic Transacons and Technovaon,4(4): 177-18212. Suma Arun Dev, Finn Kjellberg, Marne Hossaert-McKeyand Renee M. Borges. 2011. Fine-scale populaon genecstructure of two Indian keystone species, Ficushispida and F. exasperata (Moraceae). Biotropica 43 (3):309-31613. Chandrashekara, U.M. 2011. Cultural and conservaonvalues of sacred groves of Kerala, India. InternaonalJournal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 37(3):143-15514. Sujanapal. P. and Sasidharan N. 2011. Zingiber anamalayanumsp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from India. NordicJournal of Botany 28: 288-29315. Ratheesh Narayanan. M. K., Manudev K. M., SujanapalP., Anil Kumar N., Sivadasan M. and Ahmed H. Alfarhan.2011. Oberonia swaminathanii sp. nov. (Orchidaceae)from Kerala, India. Nordic Journal of Botany 28: 1-416. Anil Kumar. N., Ratheesh Narayanan M.K., Sujanapal P.,Meera Raj R., Sujana K.A. and Mithunlal. 2011. Impaensveerapazhasii (Balsaminaceae), A new Scapigerous balsamfrom Wayanad, Western Ghats, India. Journalof Botanical Research Instute of Texas, 5(1): 153–15817. Salim, P.M., Sujanapal P. and Anil Kumar N. 2011. Occurrenceof two rare and endemic medicinal plants inKerala. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany,35(1):191-19218. Sasidharan. N. and Sujanapal P. 2011. The genus Atuna(Chrysobalanaceae) in southern Western Ghats, India.Rheedea 21(1): 81-8319. Ratheesh Narayanan. M. K., Sujanapal P., Anil Kumar N.,Sivadasan M., Ahmed H. Alfarhan and Jacob Thomas.2012. Miliusa gokhalaei, a new species of Annonaceaefrom India with notes on interrelaonships, populaonstructure and conservaon status. Phytotaxa 42: 26–3420. Kiruthiga, K., Saranya J., Eganathan P., Sujanapal P andParida A. 2011. Chemical composion, anmicrobial, an-oxidant and ancancer acvity of leaves of Syzygiumbenthamianum (Wight ex Duthie) Gamble. JBAPN 1 (4):273- 27821. Saranya, J., Eganathan P., Sujanapal P. and Parida A.2012. Chemical Composion of Leaf Essenal Oil of Syzygiumdensiflorum Wall. ex Wt. & Arn. A Vulnerable TreeSpecies. JEOBP 15 (2) 283 – 28722. Sasidharan N, Muraleedharan PK and Sreekanth Sreedhar.2011. Consumpon of raw drugs by the AyurvedicMedicine Manufacturing Industry in Kerala. Journal ofNon-Timber Forest Products 18(3): 205-220

19 Evergreen23. Rekha T, Koackal Poulose Marn, Sreekumar V.B andJoseph Madassery. 2011. Genec Diversity Assessmentof Rarely Culvated Tradional Indica Rice (Oryza savaL.) Variees. Biotechnology Research Internaonal (Ar-cle ID 574983, doi:10.4061/2011/784719).24. Manju, C.N., Marn, K.P, Sreekumar, V.B, Rajesh, K.P.2011. Morphological and molecular differentaon ofAerobryopsis eravikulamensis sp. nov. (Meteoriaceae:Bryophyta) and closely related taxa of the WesternGhats of India. Bryologist.115 (1): 42-5025. Sugantha Sakthivel R. and Sreekumar V.B. 2012.Biodiversitysignificance, landuse paern and conservaon ofMalayaur forests in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India.Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences.1(3): 247-25426. Juliya R.F., Sankaran K.V.and Varma R.V. 2012. Diversityof entomopathogenic fungi in the Kerala part of WesternGhats. Indian Forester 138: 182-188Papers in Books/Proceedings/Newsleers1. Jose, P.A., Swarupanandan, K. and Pandalai, R.C. 2011.Restoraon of Dipterocarpus bourdillonii and Humbold-a bourdillonii, two crically endangered endemic treesof the Western Ghats. Evergreen, No. 65-66, March2011. Half yearly News leer, KFRI, Peechi.2. Jayson, E.A. 2011. Structure and composion of birds inthe New Amarambalam tropical forests of Kerala, SouthernWestern Ghats, India. In (Kaul, B.L. Ed.) Advances infish and wildlife Ecology and Biology, Daya Publishinghouse, Delhi, India. Vol. 5, 139 – 1553. Suresh, K. Govind and Jayson, E.A. 2011. Human–elephantinteracons in Thrissur District Kerala. In Elephant– The Heritage Animal of India (Ed. Sasankasekhar N.R.).Society for Friends of Elephants, Thiruvanathapuram.69-704. Chandrasekhara Pillai, P.K. and Sankaran, K.V. 2012.High input forest plantaons are carbon sinks. In: RajasekharanPillai, V.N. (Ed.) Proceedings of the 24 th KeralaScience Congress, 29-31 January 2012, RRII, Koayam.412-4135. Chandrasekhara Pillai, P.K., Sowmya, M.M. and Hareesh,V.S. 2012. Terminalias: a major tree component of moistdeciduous forests in Kerala. In: Rajasekharan Pillai, V.N.(Ed.) Proceedings of the 24 th Kerala Science Congress,29-31 January 2012, RRII,Koayam. 495-4976. Sankaran, K.V., Chandrasekhara Pillai, P.K. and Pandalai,R.C. 2012. Impact of weeds on producvity of Eucalyptusterecornis plantaons in Kerala. Naonal Seminaron ‘Forest Health Management (FHM-2012)’ held at IF-GTB, Coimbatore, during 21-22 March, 20127. Chandrasekhara Pillai, P.K. and Subin, S. 2012. Regeneraonstatus in the central forest circle of Kerala. In:Nagarajan, B., Kunhikannan, C., Sasidharan, K.R. andKrishnakumar, N. (Eds.) Tropical Ecosystems: Structure,Funcon and Services. Instute of Forest Genecs andTree Breeding, Coimbatore, PRDAG PRINT, Coimbatore:214-2208. Sujanapal. P., Salim P.M., Anil Kumar N. and SasidharanN. 2010. Observaons on the Snake Vines of Nilgiris. Evergreen64:1-3Books Published1. Renuka C. and Sreekumar.V.B. 2012. A Field guide tothe palms of India. Kerala Forest Research Instute,Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala. ISBN 81-85041-74.2. Sujanapal. P., Nagesh Prabhu H., Rajithan K.S. and PiusO.L. 2011. Grihanganathil Oru Oushadhodhyanam(Malayalam). State Medicinal Plants Board, Ministryof Health & Family Welfare, Government of Kerala.Seminars/Workshops/TrainingaendedDr. V AnithaOne day workshop-on the preparaon of the Peechi-Vazhani-Chimmony management plan (2012-2022) ,February 18 th 2012One day Workshop– Man and Environment: Biosphere Reservestudy, Anthropological Survey of India (ASI). Presenteda paper on the ‘Macro scenario of the situaonin Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve’, at Jawaharlal NehruTropical Botanical Garden Research Instute, January19th 2012DST sponsored Naonal Training under the ManagementDevelopment Programme on ‘Role of sciensts in naturalresources and environment management’ at IndianInstute of Forest Management, Bhopal, 4-10, 2011Dr. PK Chandrasekhara PillaiWorkshop on “Academic Wring” held at Kerala UniversityLibrary Building, Thiruvananthpuram during 12-13 May2011, organized by the Kerala State Council for Science,Technology & Environment and Centre for InformaonLiterary Studies, University of Kerala.24 th Kerala Science Congress held at RRII, Kotayam during29-31 January, 2012

20 EvergreenNaonal seminar on ‘Forest Health Management (FHM-2012)’ held at IFGTB, Coimbatore, during 21-22 March,2012 organized by IFGTB, DBT & DST, Ministry of Science& Technology, Govt. of India.‘Open source Quantum GIS training Workshop’ at KFRI during16-20 May 2011 by KCUBE Consultancy Services Pvt.Ltd., Chennai.Internaonal training programme on “Innovaons in theManagement of Planted Teak forests” held at KFRI, Peechiduring 31 st August – 3 rd September 2011 organizedby TEAKNET (Internaonal Teak Network), KFRI, FAO andKSCSTE.Training programme (Management Development Training)on “Roll of sciensts in Natural Resources and EnvironmentManagement” held at IIFM, Bhopal during 5-9December 2011 organized by DST, Govt. of India, NewSelhi.Dr. EA JaysonHuman–elephant conflict conference at Palghat organizedby the Kerala Forest Department and presented a paperon the subject on 27th July 2011Internaonal Ornithological Congress on Indian Ornithologyat SACON Coimbatore on 20-22 November 2011Management plan workshop at Aralam Wildlife Sanctuaryon 06-01-2012Workshop on “Vegetaon types of India” at IFGTB, Coimbatoreon 02 Feb 2012Two day workshop (09-10 Feb 2012) on “Environmentalclearance to developmental Projects” at Mascot HotelThiruvanathapuram organised by the Stat EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Authority.Management plan workshop at Peechi-Vazhani WildlifeSanctuary on 18 February 2012.Dr. PA Jose5 days open source Quantum GIS training Workshop at KFRI,Peechi from 16-20 May, 2011Dr. P RugminiInternaonal training programme on Innovaons in theplanted teak forests held at KFRI during 31 August- 3September 2011Dr. PK ThulisidasInternaonal Conference and Exhibion on “The Art and Joyof Wood- Rediscovering Wood: The Key to a SustainableFuture” organised by the FAO of the United Naons inassociaon with Instute of Wood Science & Technology,Bangalore during 19-22 October 2011.Dr. TV SajeevUGC sponsored Naoanal Seminar at Morning star homescience college, Angamaly on 12 th August 2011. Presenteda paper entled ‘Playing god? Designer Genes andthe ethics in biotechnology’Asia Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network conference onForest health and phytosanitary standards at Beiging,China on 10 th november 2011. Presented a paper on PublicEngagement tools in invasive species managementDr. N SasidharanNaonal Seminar on Biodiversity Conservaon and Climatechange during 2-4 December at Instute of Mineralsand Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar. Presented aplenary lecture Flowering Plants of Kerala – A checklistver. 2.0Naonal Seminar: New Vistas in Plant Sciences during 14-15March 2012 at Goa University, Goa. Gave a lecture onFlowering Plants diversity of Kerala.Dr. VB SreekumarNaonal seminar on Geospaal soluons for Resource Conservaonand management. 18-19 January 2012, IISCBangalore. 49-50. Presented a paper tled “Geographicalmodeling for the conservaon and management ofraan resources in Western Ghats”.XXI Annual Conference of IAAT and Naonal Seminar onBiodiversity Conservaon and Climate Change. (BCCC –2011). December 2-4 CSIR-IMMT, Bhuvaneswar, Odisha,India. Presented a paper tled “Morphological, genecand geospaal characterizaon of the genus Calamus L.(Arecaceae) in the Western Ghats”Dr. MP SujathaNaonal seminar on Forest Health Management conductedduring 21-22 March 2012 at IFGTB Coimbatore and presenteda paper tled “Green technology for soil healthmanagement in teak nurseries and plantaons of Kerala”Naonal training under NAIP on predicng soil carbonsequestraon in view of global warming and climatechange conducted during 24 Feb to 8 March at NBSSand LUP, Nagpur.Dr. TB SumaNaonal training course organized by IPR cell KAU on ‘Proteconand Management of Intellectual Property Rightsin Agriculture during 20 -29 September, 2011 at KAU,Trichur.Mentorship workshop organized by Department of Biotechnolgy(DBT), Govt. of India at Naonal Center for BiologicalSciences (NCBS), Bangalore on 22-23 November,2011‘Next generaon DNA sequencing and Bioinformacs forGenomics’ workshop at Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology,Trivandrum on 16-17 December 2011

21 EvergreenExtension acviesDr. UM ChandrashekaraConducted class on Phytosociological analysis for understandingthe forest qualies for the Officials of the ResearchWing of the Maharashtra Forest Departmentduring the Training Course on Modern Trend in ForestryResearch organised at KFRI, Peechi (11 August 2011).Organized an In-House Training at KFRI Sub Centre Nilamburduring 19-31 May 2011 and 11-22 December 2011for the Forest Guard Trainees of Kerala Forest School,WalayarTook classes on 20 September 2011 on forest types of Keralaand forest ecology for the Forest Guard Trainees ofKerala Forest School, WalayarDr. PK Chandrasekhara PillaiParcipated in a discussion on eco-restoraon of KulangauMala of Cheruvathur Grama Panchayat, KasaragodDistrict, in connecon with ‘Smruthi Vanam’ project organizedby the District collector, Kasaragod on 21 February2012Dr. EA JaysonReceived applicaons for Wildlife Census from volunteersand posted them into different Forest Divisions, whichwas required for the Wildlife Census 2011Reviewed one project proposal entled “Ecological invesgaonof woody vegetaon and nest tree use by birds inthe riverine Forest of Athilkkadavu Valley, River Bhavani,Western Ghats” for Ministry of Environment, Governmentof India.Visited Idukki as member of the EFL commiee to evaluatethe designated areas (15 - 16 September 2011).Involved in the idenficaon of one tortoise engaged in acase to Athirappally Range Office on 30 August 2011Inspected the EFL areas at Nemmara in Palghat Districtalong with other commiee members to evaluate thearea on 24 November 2011Visited TBGRI, Palode to advice on the migaon measuresto stop elephant damage in their gardens on 13 January2012Visited Gandhi Smirithi Vanam at Alleppy along with othersciensts to evaluate the area and to prepare a programmefor the area on 01 February 2012Dr. EJ Maria FlorenceRecommended control measures for the mortality of seedlingsof Mahogany in Kallekkad in Pirayiri Panchayat reportedby Kerala Forest Department.Evaluated the cause of the poor performance of the Eucalyptsclonal plantaons raised in Trivandrum and PunalurDivisions from 2001 onwards by KFDC.Evaluated the poor performance of KFDC sandal plantaonsand nursery seedlings at Veyil, Malampuzha, Palakkad,District raised by KFDC and suggested measures toimprove the plants and nursery.Dr. P RugminiFunconed as Course Coordinator for the Training courseon Stascal Techniques in Forestry Research for a ResearchScholar from Andhra Pradesh Forest Departmentfor 5 days (during 10- 14 October 2011).Dr. N SasidharanEvaluated 10 Ecologically Fragile Land (EFL) nofied proper-es in the Palakkad Forest Division on 19 August 2011 asa member of the evaluaon commiee.Prepared a report along with Dr . P Sujanapal on the Mangrovein Cheupuzha and adjacent areas of ChavakkadTaluk, Thrissur was submied to Divisional Forest Officer,Thrissur as per his request in February 2012Dr. KK SeethalakshmiParcipated in the mid-term evaluaon of the technologydevelopment extension and training project “WastelandDevelopment with Sustainable Livelihoods basedon Bamboo Plantaon and Value Added Products forHousing, Food, Fodder and Bio-fuels funded by Departmentof Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development,implemented by IIT Delhi in collaboraon with Instutefor Social Advancement, Kerala. During April-May 2011Dr. MP SujathaEvaluated a thesis tled “ Suitability of azolla (Azolla pinnata)for biogas slurry enrichment submied by Mr. BishnuPrasad Paudel as part of the MSc (Ag) programmein the Dept. of Soil Science and Agrl. Chemistry, Collegeof Horculture, Vellanikkara, KAU.Dr. TV SajeevGave talks on :Biological invasions: Tales and science of a losing bale forcollege teachers at Academic Staff College, University ofCalicut on 8 th March 2011Research as a career for the students and faculty of MESCollege, Mampad on 8 th March 2011Chemistry of Biological Invasions to MSc Applied Zoologystudents of Kannur University at Mananthavady Campuson 11 March 2011Deforestaon and its impact at Apollo Tyres on 4 June 2011as part of the Corporate Social Responsibility iniave.Legal dimensions of environmentalism was given at Nilamburon 5 June 2011 organized by the Green AdvocateCollecve of Malappuram District.

22 EvergreenNature – Forest at your service at Centre for Water ResourceDevelopment and Management, Calicut on 6 June 2011‘Impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity’ during Na-onal Academy of Science conference at Thiruvananthapuramon 24 November 2011Insect pests of bamboo and their management at the KFRIextension centre on 13 march 2012 in the training programmeon Priority species resource esmaon, plantaondevelopment, post harvest technology and socioeconomic livelihood potenonal of bamboo supportedby naonal bamboo mission.Biodiversity: why is it easy to misuse and abuse than to useor conserve at a Naonal Seminar at St. Joseph’s college,Irinjalakuda on 2 March 2012Dr. P SujanapalPrepared a report along with Dr . N Sasidharan on the Mangrovein Cheupuzha and adjacent areas of ChavakkadTaluk, Thrissur was submied to Divisional Forest Officer,Thrissur as per his request in February 2012Guest Lectures/ClassesDr. V AnithaResource person in field funconaries for the BambooTechnical Support Groups for South zone on ‘economicand livelihood potenal of bamboo’ (January 10th 2012,February 14th 2012, March 13th 2012).Resource person in the training programme “ModernTrends in Forestry Research” for Forest Officials in theResearch Wing of the Maharashtra Forest Department(11 – 13 August 2011).Resource person in Quanficaon of recreaonal value of anatural ecosystem (data requirements, economic toolsand techniques).Resource person in Non mber forest products - data requirements,tools & techniques and data gaps.Resource person for Sciensts/Officials of ICFRE instuonsin the ‘Effect of invasive species/weeds on producvityof forest plantaons and natural forests and differentcost effecve methods for their control’ on Weed invasionin forests -economic dimensions & socioeconomicrelevance 13-17 December, 2011Dr. PK Chandrasekhara PillaiResource person on a training programme ‘Priority Species,Resource Esmaon, Plantaon Development, Post HarvestTechnology and Socio-economic Livelihood Poten-al of Bamboos” during January 17-22, 2011; February14-19, 2011; February 22-26, 2011; January 9-13, 2012Resource person on a training “Collecon, Compilaon,Validaon and Disseminaon of Forest Stascs” duringMarch 14-16, 2011 for the Stascal Assistants of KeralaForest Department.Resource person on a training “Modern Trends in ForestryResearch” during April 19-20, 2012 for the Forest Guardsof Kerala Forest Department.Dr. EA JaysonOn Environmental educaon at Wadakkencherry on 6 August2011 for college students – Shah TowerOn “Conservaon of Biodiversity” was offered at GovernmentTribal L.P. School, Poovanchira, Thrissur for thevolunteers of Kerala Sahasika Samskarika Sangam, Ollur,Thrissur on 14 August 2011.Lecture on Human –wildlife interacon in the Christ College,Irinjalakuda on 07-12-2011 while inaugurang theZoology Associaon.Class on “Protecon of environment” was offered to thestudents who were aending environment educaoncamp at Peechi Wildlife Sanctuary on 14 December 2011and on 30 December 2011Workshop on “Biodiversity Conservaon” in Govt. College,Chioor on 19 January 2012 and presented Key note address.Dr. KK SeethalakshmiParcipated as a resource person and delivered a talk on“Bamboo culvaon, Management and Value addion”at Karshakamela, Kerala Fine Arts Soceity, Ernakulam 31January 2011Was honoured as Chief Guest, World Environment Day celebraonsof the Associaon of Engineers and Architects(AEA) Thrissur on 5th June 2011 and gave a speech onForests - Nature at your serviceServed as Technical Expert, Farm Forestry Meeng of HindustanNewsprint Ltd. Vellore, Koayam on 23 June2011. Gave a presentaon on Potenal of Bamboo andSpecies suitable for culvaon with emphasis on B. balcooaand B. tulda.Dr. TB Suma‘Emerging trends in Forest Biotechnology’for Forest Officialsin the Research wing of the Maharastra ForestDepartment during the ‘Training on Modern Trends inForestry Research 11 -13 August 2011Lecture at the Biotech Dept., Sahradaya College of Engineering& Technology on 4 October 2011 on ‘DNA methylaonand its significance in funconal genomics’

23 EvergreenDr. PK ThulisidasGuest Faculty for the Basic Forestry course work and takenclasses on Wood Science and Technology component forthe 5 Ph.D students of KFRI during 12-14 December 2011Meengs AendedDr. V AnithaTwo meengs of the Board of Studies in forestry & wood,Techn-ology 30 th November and 12 December 2011.Two joint meeng of the State Impact Assessment Authority(Authority Kerala) & State Expert Appraisal Committee(SEAC, Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, 11 th Januaryand 10th February 2012Two day Inducon Workshop, (Orientaon Program forSEIAA & SEAC Members) Thiruvananthapuram, 9 th -10 thFebruary 2012.Two meengs of the State Expert Appraisal Commiee(SEAC, Kerala), dated 03rd March & 7 th April 2012.Dr. UM Chandrashekara19th meeng of Expert Group-A in the broad themac areaof Conservaon and Sustainable Ulisaon of NaturalResources of Ministry of Environment and Forests, NewDelhi on 25th July 2011 and presented a concept notefor the All India Coordinated Research Project on SacredForest Ecosystem Service Assessment.Dr. EA JaysonMeeng to present the outcomes of the Independent managementeffecveness evaluaon of Tiger Reserve in Indiaon 9th May 2011 at New Delhi, which was organisedby Ministry of Environment and Wildlife Instute of Indiaas a member of Southern regional expert commiee.State level steering commiee meeng of Nilgiri BiosphereReserves on 25-10- 2011 at Thiruvanathapuram.Technical Commiee meeng convened by the Chief WildlifeWarden at Thiruvanathapuram on 07-11-2011Peechi-Vazhani wildlife sanctuary advisory commieemeeng convened by the local MLA at Pananchery PanchayathOffice on 12December 2011Zoo advisory commiee meeng at Ramanilayam, Thrissuron 13 December 2011 regarding the establishment ofnew Zoological Park at Puthur.State Environment Impact Appraisal Commiee (SEIAC)meeng at Thiruvanathapuram on 12 January 2012Technical Commiee meeng convened by the Chief WildlifeWarden at Thiruvanathapuram on08 February 2012 to review the final report on MalabarOrnithological Survey.Dr. N SasidharanMeeng on Exploitaon of Bioresources of the State withparcular reference to medicinal plants at Trivandrumorganized by the Kerala State Biodiversity Board.Expert Commiee to select Vanamitra Award Winners for14 districts of Kerala, as a member of the Commiee.Meeng of the sub-commiee constuted by SMPB tostudy the ‘problems and prospects’ of medicinal plantsculvaon, storage and distribuon in Kerala and to submita report to SMPB for further acon. Govt. AyurvedaResearch Instute, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram on13 February 2012Membership in CommieesDr. V AnithaMember of State level Expert Appraisal Commiee (SEAC)Kerala and Board of studies, Forestry and Wood Technology,Kannur UniversityDr. EA JaysonExternal examiner1. M. Sc. dissertaon of School of Environmental Studies,CUSAT, Cochin on 27th June 2011.2. Viva-voce - M.Sc. Forestry (Wildlife), Forestry College,KAU on 17th June 2011Dr. KK SeethalakshmiExaminer for evaluaon of the thesis entled “Strategizingan eco-friendly rural housing alternave using bambooparabolic infill arches as load bearing elements”. Thesissubmied to Indian Instute of Technology, Delhi.

24 EvergreenDr. KM Bhat Memorial Award 2012‘The Dr. KM Bhat Endowment’award carrying a GoldMedal, Cerficate of Meritand cash prize of Rs. 5,000/-was awarded to Dr. P MujeebRahman, Research Associate,Forest Entomolgy Divisionof KFRI, Peechi. Dr. MujeebRahman was selected for theaward for his doctoral workon “Below ground biodiversityof soil macrofauna in selectedlanduse systems, its spaalpaern and structural dynamics”.The Endowment was instutedby the family of lateDr. KM Bhat for the best outstanding Research Scholar of KFRI. The award was presented to him on 2nd January 2012 in afuncon organised at KFRI in connecon with 3 rd death anniversary of Dr. KM Bhat. Dr. K. Sudhakara, Professor, College ofForestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara presented the award and delivered the Dr. KM Bhat Memorial lecture.Dr. C Chandrasekharan Memorial Award 2011The award was constuted in memory of Dr C Chandrasekharan, an eminent researcher and former Director of KFRI, whorered from FAO aer an illustrious career. He was involved in various programmes with organizaons such as ITTO, AsianDevelopment Bank, World Bank, Ford Foundaon, CIFOR, WWF and IDRC. The family of Dr. C Chandrasekharan constutedan award in his name to honour outstanding young researchers in field of forest management and conservaon in Kerala.The second Dr. C Chandrasekharan Memorial Award was bagged by Dr. KH Amitha Bachan, an ecological enthusiast witha decade of experience in forest research, conservaon and educaon. His PhD thesis was on the Riparian Flora and itsecological significance in the Chalakkudy River Basin, probably the first such study on the flora and community composionof riparian vegetaon fromIndia. Along with studyhe iniated a study on‘Parcipatory conservaonand monitoring of Hornbillsand their habitat in theParambikulam - Vazhachalregion’ involving the primi-ve tribe, Kadar. This hasbeen regarded one of thesuccessful parcipatoryspecies monitoring andconservaon program fromthe Western Ghats. TheState Govt. and Forest Departmenthave recognizedit through accepng it as aregular programme of theForest department throughtribal parcipaon.

25 EvergreenPhD AwardedMr. TJ Roby was awarded doctoratedegree by the Forest ResearchInstute (FRI) University, Dehradunin April 2011 for his work on “Floriscstructure and diversity of myriscaswamps at Kulathupuzha ina GIS perspecve” under the guidanceof Dr. P. Vijayakumaran Nair, GIS & Remote Sensing Division.This study aempts delineaon of Myrisca swampsas a unique phyto-geographical enty to aid its conserva-on and restoraon through surveying/mapping of thearea, examining topology/climatological factors, studyingflorisc structure and examining reproducve phenology.Sixty swamp patches with total land area of 149.75 ha weremapped in the study area and GIS simulaon revealed that148.57 km 2 area of Kerala’s forest area has a potenal tosupport Myrisca swamps. Fiy eight trees species and2246 individuals were recorded in sample plots (19) insidethe swamps. The two dominant trees, Gymnacranthera farquharianaand Myrisca fatua var. magnifica constuted33.84 percent and 30.77 percent of total number of treesrespecvely. Phenological study of five tree species in theMyrisca swamps reflects the evergreen nature of the twoMyriscaceous species and Vateria indica, devoid of a dis-nct leaf fall period. Germinaon studies indicated thattrees of the swamps sll retain the regenerave ability. TheMyrisca swamps contain 4.58 percent (220 species) of theangiosperms recorded from Kerala of which 22.27 percent(49 species) are endemic to the Western Ghats and 6.36 percent(14) are red listed. Contemporary studies bring to lightmany disturbances threatening the existence and health ofthe swamps; these studies have also suggested methods forconservaon and management of these swamps. Dr Robyworks as a Research Associate in KFRI.Ms. VB Beena was awarded doctoratedegree by the Cochin Universityof Science and Technology(CUSAT), Kochi in January 2012 forher work on “Reproducve Biologyand biochemical changes associatedwith flowering of Dendrocalamusstocksii and Ochlandra travancorica” under the guidanceof Dr. K.K. Seethalakshmi. Emphasis of this work is onreproducve biology and biochemical changes in bamboos.Bamboos are woody perennial plants belonging to the familyPoaceae. Due to its versality it has been a raw materialfor numerous applicaons and a viable replacementfor wood. The demand for bamboos is growing more thanits producon and hence seeds/propagules are requiredin abundance for large scale culvaon of desired species.Based on post flowering behaviour bamboos are dividedinto two groups viz., profuse/sparse flowering followed byreversion to vegetave phase and profuse flowering andseed formaon followed by death. Reproducve biologyand biochemical changes associated with flowering of twobamboo species showing different post flowering behaviourviz., Dendrocalamus stocksii and Ochlandra travancoricawere observed. D. stocksii flowering was observed during2003-2006 in northern Kerala, and O. travancorica during2004-2006 in southern Kerala. From the observaons, thesterility in D. stocksii could be aributed to the less quantyof pollen produced, viability of pollen, percentage of anthesis,short recepvity of sgma etc.Mr. P Mujeeb Rehman wasawarded doctoral degree by the CochinUniversity of Science and Technology(CUSAT), Kochi in April 2011for his work on “Soil macrofaunalassemblage in selected land usesystems in Kerala: spaal paernand structural dynamics “under theguidance of Dr. R. V. Varma. Major objecves of the studywas (1) to study the diversity of the major soil macrofauna(ant, earthworm and termite) in selected agroecosystemsand natural forests, (2) to analyze the distribuon paern ofsoil fauna in relaon to land use systems and (3) to evaluatethe impact of edaphic and climac condions of the habitaton the diversity and abundance of soil fauna. Detailedstudy was conducted in a micro-watershed of Chaliyar Riverin the Kerala part of NBR. In total, 15 land use pracces underfour main ecosystems-agricultural, agroforestry, planta-ons and forest ecosystems were sampled. Altogether, 17parataxonomic units were recorded in the study. The overallresult indicted that habitat heterogeneity and landscapestructure greatly influenced the spaal distribuon of soilfauna. Although, agroforests and plantaons had slightlyhigher number of taxa than annual crop fields, the differencebetween these ecosystems were not significant. Thelowest number of taxa was recorded in coconut monocul-

26 Evergreenture (CO) plantaons, while the highest was in moist-deciduous(MDF) and semi-evergreen forests (SEF), respecvely.It is shown that diversity and abundance of soil macrofaunaincreased with increasing habitat heterogeneity, resourceavailability and decreasing disturbance. Maintenance of adequateorganic maer, wood remnants, mulching etc., facilitatemicro-habitats for a vast array of soil organisms andcan be employed as good strategy for ecosystem recovery,improving soil ferlity and ecosystem funcons. Moreover,for rapid biodiversity inventory, higher taxonomic ordersor species surrogacy is generally considered as a good tool,substanally reducing the me and cost factors. Currently,Dr Mujeeb Rehman works as a Research Associate in KFRI.Ms. R Remya was awardeddoctoral degree by the CochinUniversity of Science and Technology(CUSAT) in 2011 for her workon “Physiological and genecdiversity studies on regeneraonof Santalum album L.” under theguidance of Dr. M. Balasundaran.Sandal, S. album L., is the source of highly priced and fragrantheartwood among the mber trees. IUCN had categorizedS. album as ‘vulnerable’ species due to the overexploitaonand illegal felling coupled with low amountof natural regeneraon of the species. In this context, theobjecve of the present work is to study the autotrophicand parasic phase of sandal seedling growth through studieson chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence,genec diversity of sandal populaons in seed stands usingISSR markers and diversity of Fusarium oxysporum isolatescausing sandal seedling wilt using RAPD markers. Seedlingdependency on seed reserve (cotyledonary) showed thatsandal seedlings need to be transferred to containers withpong mixture within 26 days aer germinaon for propergrowth and development. Vigna unguiculata was idenfiedas the beer primary host and Pongamia pinnata was theappropriate long term host. Fiy to seventy five per centshade was opmal for growth of sandal seedlings up to oneyear aer germinaon. ISSR marker study showed identyof DNA profiles of nearby sandal trees indicang that suchtrees could be clones which might have arisen from rootsuckers. Low percentage of polymorphism and low genecdiversity showed very high chance of inbreeding in the seedstand which could be the major reason for poor seed produconin the seed stands. A wide range of genec variaonwas detected using RAPD markers among the F. oxysporumgenotypes from wilt affected sandal seedlings indicang theability of the pathogen to adapt to different eco-climaccondions.Mr. S Babu was awarded doctoratedegree by the Forest ResearchInstute Deemed University, Dehradunin November 2011 for his workon “Ecology of owls in the southernWestern Ghats, India” underthe guidance of Dr. E. A. Jayson. Thework addressed few issues pertainingto distribuonal range and factors influencing the distribuonof owls in the southern Western Ghats with thesupport of GIS and landscape level modeling tools. Based onthe occurrence and non-occurrence of owls in a samplingpoint, two modelling approaches viz., presence only andpresence-absence model were applied to predict and quan-fy the extent of suitable sites available for six species ofowls in the southern Western Ghats. Altogether, 276 pointsacross 24 forest staons were surveyed. Six hundred andeighty five owls belonging to 13 species were documented.Short-eared owl in Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary andCeylon bay owl in Idukki and Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuarieswere new records from the study. Extent of suitable sitesavailable in southern Western Ghats to Jungle owlet (24% ofsouthern Western Ghats), Indian scops owl (24%), Orientalscops owl (25%), Brown hawk owl (26 %), Brown fish owl(31%) and Indian eagle owl (7%) were quanfied by employingfree spaal data and open source soware. Large tractsof deciduous with undisturbed riparian forests are needs tobe secured for sustaining current populaon of owls in thesouthern Western Ghats. Further, forest areas falling overthe juncture of wet (rain fed) and dry zones (rain shadow)support a wide array of owl species as a result of diverseeco-climac zones and therefore, conservaon of theseunique patches is suggested. Dr S. Babu works as Scienst(Ornithology) at Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and NaturalHistory, Coimbatore.

27 EvergreenPh.D. thesis submiedAcademic aachment and Ph.D. Programme(April 2011-March 2012)Candidate Topic University Submied GuideBindhu T.N.Bindhu K. JoseMaghesh G.Sujesh S MDynamics of Baculovirus epizoocs in teak defoliator(Hyblaea puera) populaonsDiet and dietary requirements of Teak Defoliators- Hyblaea puera and Eutectona machaeralisEcological studies of the Parambikulam TigerReserve in the Western Ghats of India, using remotesensing and GISBreeding system of Dipterocarpus bourdilloniiand Humbolda bourdillonii, two endemic treesof Western Ghats.FRI-DU Jan. 2012 Dr. VV SudheendrakumarFRI-DU Feb. 2012 Dr. VV SudheendrakumarCUSAT Feb. 2012 Dr. ARR MenonFRI-DU Feb. 2012 Dr. EP IndiraPh.D. Course WorkCourse work of following students were co-ordinated during the year April 2011-March12 (Computer Applicaon, Stascs& Basic Forestry)S.No. Name Supervising Guide S.No. Name Supervising Guide1 Lathika C Dr. MP Sujatha 4 Sajitha KL Dr. TB Suma2 Kavitha C Dr. MP Sujatha 5 Maneetha TK Dr. TV Sajeev3 Dantas KJ Dr. N Sasidharan 6 Saumya R Dr. TV SajeevAcademic aachment of M.Sc. studentsSl.No. Name of the student Year Supervising Guide Name of College Subject1 Greeshma P Dec. 2011 Dr. EA Jayson CUSATEnvironmentalTechnology2 Shinila K. Dec. 2011 Dr. MP Sujatha Kannur University Environmental Science3 Deepthy Devanand Dec. 2011 Dr.TB Suma RS College, Sulur Biotechnology4 Nidha K Dec. 2011 Dr. MP Sujatha Kannur University Environmental Science5 Hridhya KP Mar. 2012 Dr. TB Suma St.Mary’s College Biotechnology6 Ms. Anjali SN Jan. 2012 Dr. S Sankar M G UniversityEnvironmental Scienceand Management7 Neenu Mary Thomas Jan. 2012 Dr. MP Sujatha8 Sreekala PP Jan. 2012 Dr. S Sandeep9 Geethu Ravindran Jan. 2012 Dr. R JayarajSree SankaraCollegeSree SankaraCollegeSree SankaraCollegeEnvironmental Scienceand ManagementEnvironmental Scienceand ManagementEnvironmental Scienceand Management10 Stephy Thomas Mar. 2012 Dr. EM Muraleedharan St.Joseph’s College Biotechnology

28 EvergreenPRICED PUBLICATIONS – 2012Bamboo Rs. US$1 Bamboos of India 2250.00 100.002 Edible Bamboo Shoots: Collecon and Processing (Malayalam) 10.00 10.003 Informaon Resources for Bamboo and Cane Development in Kerala 75.00 10.004Policy and Legal Issues in Culvaon and Ulizaon of Bamboo, Raan and Forest Treesin Private and Community Lands400.00 40.00Raan (Cane), Palms5 A Manual on the Raans of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 175.00 20.006 Annotated Bibliography on Raans of the World 350.00 35.007 Commercial Raans of Kerala 50.00 10.008 Field Idenficaon Key for Raans of Kerala 125.00 15.009 Field Idenficaon Key for Indian palms. KFRI CD 8 150.00 15.0010 Nursery and Silvicultural Techniques for Raans 50.00 10.0011 Oil Curing Technology for Value-added Raan (Cane) Products 50.00 10.0012 Palms of Kerala 200.00 20.0013 Protecon of Raan against Fungal Staining and Biodeterioraon 50.00 10.0014 Raans of India 1500.00 150.0015 Raan Management and Ulisaon 300.00 30.0016 Raans of the Western Ghats: A Taxonomic Manual 100.00 10.0017 Structure and Properes of South Indian Raans 75.00 10.00Teak18 Bibliography on Teak. KFRI CD 2 500.00 50.0019 Processing and markeng of teakwood products of planted forests: Proceedings 700.00 50.0020 Producon and markeng of teakwood: Future scenarios. KFRI CD 10 200.00 20.0021 Quality mber products of teak from sustainable forest management 1000.00 80.0022 Teak Planner . KFRI CD 7 1000.00 80.0023 Teak Bibliography (Print) 700.00 70.0024 The Teak Defoliator (CD-ROM) 250.00 25.00Plantaon Management25Lier Dynamics, Microbial Associaons and Soil Studies in Acacia auriculiformis Planta-ons in Kerala75.00 10.0026 Plantaon technology: Colophyllum polyanthum (Kau punna) (IB.18) 50.00 10.0027 Plantaon technology: Dysoxylum malabaricum (Vella akil) (IB.19) 50.00 10.0028 Plantaon technology: Garcinia gummi-gua (Kodampuli) (IB.20) 50.00 10.00

29 Evergreen29 Plantaon technology: Gmelina arborea (Kumbil) (IB.21) 50.00 10.0030 Plantaon technology: Grewia liaefolia (Chadachi) (IB.22) 50.00 10.0031 Plantaon technology: Haldina cordifolia (Manjakadambu) (IB.23) 50.00 10.0032 Plantaon technology: Lagerstroemia microcarpa (Venthekku) (IB.24) 50.00 10.0033 Plantaon technology: Melia dubia (Malaveppu) (IB.25) 50.00 10.0034 Plantaon technology: Vateria-indica (Vellapayin) (IB.26) 50.00 10.00Natural Forests35 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 1: Algae 150.00 15.0036 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 2: Fungi 300.00 30.0037 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 3: Lichens 150.00 15.0038 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 4: Bryophytes 150.00 15.0039 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 5: Pteridrophytes 200.00 20.0040 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 6: Flowering Plants 600.00 60.0041 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 7: Insects 300.00 30.0042 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 8: Freshwater Fishes 800.00 70.0043 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 9: Amphibians 150.00 15.0044 Biodiversity documentaon for Kerala. Part 10: Reples 150.00 15.0045 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 11: Birds 150.00 15.0046 Biodiversity Documentaon for Kerala. Part 12: Mammals 100.00 15.0047 Buerflies and their conservaon. KFRI CD11. (Malayalam) 200.00 20.0048 Ecodevelopment of Western Ghats 200.00 20.0049 Field Guide to Animal Signs 100.00 10.0050 Flowering Plants of Kerala : A Checklist. KFRI DVD 14 500.00 50.0051 Forest Trees of Kerala 100.00 10.0052 Handbook on Stascal Analysis in Forestry Research 500.00 50.0053 History of Forest Management in Kerala 150.00 15.0054 Impact of Diseases and Insect Pests in Tropical Forests 500.00 50.0055 Manual of seeds of forest trees, bamboos and raans 750.00 75.0056 Macrofungi of Kerala 1500.00 150.0057 Rust Fungi of Kerala 500.00 50.0058 Shola Forests of Kerala: Environment and Biodiversity 800.00 70.0059 State Biodiversity Strategy and Acon Plan (SBSAP) for Kerala 300.00 30.0060 Three Decades of Research in KFRI 200.00 20.0061 TreeID: Tree idenficaon Key for Kerala. KFRI CD 5 300.00 30.0062 Tropical Forest Ecosystem Conservaon and Development in South and South-East Asia 200.00 20.0063 Tropical Forestry Research: Challenges in the New Millennium 500.00 50.00

30 EvergreenWood and Non-Wood Forest Products64 Handbook of Lesser Known Timbers (with CD) 500.00 50.0065 Manual of the Non-Wood Forest Produce Plants of Kerala. 450.00 45.0066 Upgradaon of Rubber Wood 75.00 10.00Weeds67 Alien Weeds in Moist Tropical Zones: Banes and Benefits 400.00 40.006869Field Trials for Controlling Mikania Infestaon in Forest Plantaons and Natural Forestsin KeralaIntegrated Management of the Alien Invasive Weed Mikania micrantha in the WesternGhatsSocio-Economics150.00 15.00150.00 15.0070 Basic Readings in Forest Economics 150.00 15.0071 Socio-economic Research in Forestry 300.00 30.00POSTER72 Amphibians of Kerala Part. I. Frogs (Counter sale only) 30.00 -Postage in India and surface mail charge for abroad are freeBook Sellers will be given 25% discount for orders of minimum10 copies of a single tle or for Rs 3500/US $ 350 and aboveEducaonal Instuons will be given 10% discountAdvance payment may be made by M.O/D.D in favour of theRegistrar, KFRI on any Bank in Thrissur, Kerala, IndiaSend your orders to:The LibrarianKFRI, Peechi, ThrissurKerala, India 680 653Phone 0487 2690 210E-Mail : library@kfri.orgMONTHLY WEATHER DATA FOR 2011 AT PEECHILATITUDE-10 o 31’47’’ N LONGITUDE- 76 o 22’7.5’’ E ALTITUDE- 45 mslMonthMax. Avg. Min.Avg. windMax. rh Avg. rh Min. rh RainfallTemp Temp TempVelocityoC o C o C % % % mm km/hJan 31.50 25.04 18.30 100.00 74.40 19.25 0.00 0.6220Feb 33.18 25.53 18.58 100.00 65.50 18.60 35.00 0.6657Mar 36.60 28.99 22.40 100.00 80.43 26.30 14.00 0.7019Apr 38.00 29.20 22.40 100.00 84.61 42.20 126.40 0.6221May 37.00 29.67 21.80 100.00 86.41 54.50 252.40 0.5852Jun 33.50 26.23 22.70 100.00 97.74 67.40 835.20 0.4041Jul 33.90 25.76 21.80 100.00 95.84 65.90 514.20 0.3733Aug 33.50 26.06 21.80 100.00 95.90 67.40 478.00 0.3873Sep 33.90 26.40 21.80 100.00 94.44 62.10 424.00 0.4546Oct 33.90 27.11 22.40 100.00 91.90 61.60 177.20 0.4884Nov 32.60 26.13 19.50 100.00 86.09 44.90 207.80 0.4768Dec 33.00 26.60 20.20 100.00 81.67 49.80 4.40 0.4902Total/Average34.22 21.14 26.89 100.00 48.33 86.24 3068.60 0.5226Dr. CK Somen, Dept. of Tree Physiology, SFM Division

31 EvergreenPrice list of Seedlings/ Propagules for salefrom Kerala Forest Research Instute (KFRI), Peechi, Thrissur-680653As on: 01 August 2012Sl.. Botanical name Common name (Rs.)1 Abelmoschus moschatus Kasthurivenda 102 Acacia mangium Mangium 103 Adenanthera pavonina Manchadi 104 Aegle marmelos Koovalam 105 Ailanthus triphysa Ma 106 Alpinia ecalcarata Chiaratha 107 Anthocephalus cadamba Authekke 108 Aphanamixis polystachya Chemaram 209 Araca triantra Palm 2510 Areca concinna Cylon areca 2511 Artocarpus heterophyllus Plavu 1012 Artocarpus hirsutus Ayini 1013 Asparagus racemosus sathavari 1014 Azadirachta indica Ariyavepu 1015 Bauhinia racemosa Mandaram 1016 Berrya cordifolia Berrya 1017 Bixa orellana Kukumachedi 1018 Bridelia retusa Mullankaini 1019 Butea monosperma Plasu 1020 Caesalpinia coriaria Divi divi 1021 Caesalpinia sappan Chappangam 1022 Calamus thwaitesii Thadiyan chooral 2023 Calamus travancoricus Ari chooral 2024 Calophyllum calaba Punna 1025 Cassia fistula Kanikkonna 1026 Castenospermum australe Australian chestnut 1527 Chrysophyllum cainito Star apple 1028 Cinnamomum verum Karuva paa 1029 Cissus quadrangularis Changalamparanda 1030 Citharexylum spinosum Parijadam 2031 Cleistanthus collinus Oduku 1032 Clitoria ternatea Sankupushpam 1033 Cullenia exarillata Vediplavu 1534 Dalbergia lafolia Ve 1035 Dendrocalamus strictus Kallan mulla 1036 Desmodium gangecum Orilla 1037 Dilonix regia Gul mohur 1038 Dysoxylum malabaricum Vellakil 2039 Ficus benghalensis Peral 1040 Garcinia gumi-gua Kudampuli 1041 Gluta travancorica Chenkurinji 1042 Gmelina arborea Kumizhu 1043 Grewia liifolia Chadachi 1044 Holoptelia integrifolia Aval 1045 Hopea parviflora Thambakam 1046 Indigofera nctoria Neelayamari 1047 Kaempferia galanga Kacholam 1048 Knema atenuata Chorapathri 1549 Lagerstomeia microcarpa Ventheak 1050 Lagerstomeia speciosa Manimaruthu 1051 Licuala grandis Garden palm 1552 Limonia acidissima Vilankai 1053 Mangifera indica Mavu 1054 Melia azedarach Valiayveppu 2055 Mentha arvensis Mint 1056 Mimusops elengi Elengi 1057 Oroxylum indicum Palakapayyani 1558 Palaquium ellipcum Pali 1559 Pandanus amaryllifolius Rambha 1060 Piper longum Thippali 1061 Plectranthus ambonicus Panikkoorkka 1062 Plumbago indica Chethikoduveli 1063 Polyalthia fragrans Nedunar 1064 Pongamia pinnata Ungu 1065 Pterocarpus marsupium Venga 1066 Samadera indica Karinjota 1067 Santalum album Chandanam 1568 Sapindus trifoliate Soap nut 1069 Saraca asoca Ashokam 1570 Schleichera oleosa Poovam 1071 Simaruba glauca Simarooba 2072 Strobilanthus ciliatus Karimkurinji 1073 Strychnos nux-vomica Kanjiram 1074 Swietenia macrophylla Mahogany 1075 Syzygium aqueum Chamba 1076 Syzygium cumini Njaval 1077 Syzygiun travancoricus Poriyal78 Tamarindus indica Kolpuli 1079 Tectona grandis Teak 1080 Terminalia arjuna Neermaruthu 2081 Terminalia bellirica Thani 10

32 Evergreen82 Terminalia catappa Bedham 1083 Terminalia crenulata Karimaruthu 1084 Trichopus zeylanicus Aarogypacha 5085 Vateria indica Vellappain 1586 Wrigha nctoria Dandapala 1087 Xylia xylocarpa Irul 1088 Zanthoxylum rhetsa Mullilam 10For more informaon, please contact:Dr P SujanapalScienst-in-chargeKFRI Central Nursery, Peechi, ThrissurKerala, India 680 653Phone: 0487 2690218, 2690100E-Mail : sujanapal@@kfri.res.inRerementsDr. George MathewDr. George Mathew, Scienst G and Programme Coordinator, Forest Health Division, superannuatedon 31 October, 2011 aer 34 years of service. Dr. Mathew joined the EntomologyDivision of KFRI in 1977 aer compleng his PhD on the taxonomy of Indian pyralids fromIARI. Inially, he has worked on the management of insect pests associated with variousforest tree species and has rendered excellent support to the Kerala Forest Departmentand other agencies in idenfying insect pest problems and managing the pests. During thesecond half of his career, Dr. Mathew concentrated more on forest insect diversity of mberbeetles, moths and buerflies on forest locaons in Kerala such as Silent Valley, New Amarambalam,Parambikulam and Nelliyamapthy. The reference insect collecons of WesternGhats at KFRI comprising of over 2000 idenfied species belonging to 187 families under10 orders was set up by him. Another remarkable contribuon of Dr. Mathew is the efforttowards in situ conservaon of buerflies and buerfly gardens set up at Thenmala, Peechiand Nilambur which served as major educaonal cum tourist aracon. Dr. Mathew is an approved research guide of theFRI deemed University and University of Calicut, has produced 7 Ph.Ds and has published over 100 scienfic papers, 28Research Reports, 7 popular arcles including brochures and CDs on the life and survival of buerflies. He was selected as‘Green Hero of Conservaon’ by CNN-IBN in 2008 and by ‘Jade” magazine in 2009. The Films Division of India has produceda documentary on Buerfly Gardens which is also a tribute to the contribuons made by Dr. Mathew in the area of butterflyconservaon. Currently, Dr. Mathew is aached to KFRI as an Emeritus Scienst (KSCSTE).Dr. C RenukaDr. C. Renuka, Scienst G, Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservaon Division superannuatedfrom KFRI aer 34 years of meritorious source. Her experse was in the field of Plantmorphology, Taxonomy and Conservaon and she has done commendable work on biodiversityand conservaon of raans and palms. Dr. Renuka successfully completed severalresearch projects funded by Internaonal and Naonal funding agencies like IDRC (Canada),IPGRI (Singapore), Ministry of Environment and Forests (Govt. of India), Kerala Forest Department,etc. She was Coordinator of the All India Coordinated Project on Taxonomy Capacitybuilding on Palms supported by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOI. Shewas appointed as the Programme Coordinator of the Division Forest Ecology & BiodiversityConservaon in 2004. Her major field of work was on the members of the family Arecaceae,especially on raans. She conducted extensive field surveys in the forests of Western Ghats,Eastern Ghats, North eastern states and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Dr. Renuka described 14 new species of raans andreported several new records to India and Kerala. Her major published works include a revision of the Indian raans andTaxonomy of Indian Palms. She has published 7 books, 20 research reports and about 100 research papers in journals/books/proceedings. She guided six Ph.D. students. She established a Palmetum at KFRI which contains about 50 indigenousand 40 exoc species. Dr. Renuka travelled extensively in the forest areas in India and abroad and visited Malaysia,Indonesia, Nepal, Laos, China, Philippines and Italy, in connecon with her research. As per the requests from INBAR andIPGRI, she organized training courses on Raan taxonomy for the Sciensts and Foresters of Malaysia, Lao PDR and Nepal.Dr. Renuka is a member of IUCN Palm group, Internaonal Palm Society - Canada, Internaonal working group for Biodiversityand Conservaon of Bamboos and Raans, Indian Associaon for Angiosperm Taxonomy and Indian society forConservaon Biology. Dr. Renuka was given the addional charge of the Registrar of KFRI during the last one and a halfyears of her career.

33 EvergreenDr. C MohananDr. C Mohanan Scienst - F, Division of Forest Pathology, has more than 32 years of experiencein the Instute. Dr Mohanan had his MSc from Calicult University and PhD from CochinUniversity of Science and Technology. His area of experse included 1) diseases of forest treesin nurseries and plantaons 2) mycorrhizal associaons in forest trees 3) biodiversity of macroand micro fungi in the Western Ghats. He has made commendable progress in all the areas. DrMohanan has published more than 100 research papers in naonal and internaonal journals,over 20 research reports and authored and edited several books, handbooks and informaonbullens. His published works include : (a) Rust Fungi of Kerala, (b) Mushrooms of Kerala (c)Biodiversity of Plant Pathogenic Fungi of the Western Ghats, (a) Macro Fungi of Kerala, and (e)Diseases of Bamboos in Asia : An Illustrated Manual. He guided several students for M Sc andPh.D degrees. Currently, Dr. Mohanan is aached to KFRI as an Emeritus Scienst (KSCSTE).Dr. MS MukteshkumarDr. MS Muktesh Kumar, Scienst F started his career at KFRI in 1980. His areas of researchinclude: Bamboo Taxonomy & Ecology, Orchid Taxonomy & Ecology and Macrolichens andEpiphyte Communies: Tropical Forests Western Ghats. He played a lead role in the preparaonof an INBARIS bamboo database for INBAR, Beijing and also documentaon on the seleconof potenal species of bamboo in handicra industry for UNDP. He is one of the collaboratorsin the All India Coordinated Project on Taxonomy Capacity building on bamboos,supported by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOI and a collaborator in the NaonalMission Bamboo Applicaons (NMBA) of TIFAC, Department of Science and Technology,GOI. Presently, he is one of the collaborators in the Bamboo Phylogeny Group supported bythe Naonal Science Foundaon, USA, Iowa State University. He has described several newbamboo taxa, new records, nomenclatural new combinaons and gave amended taxonomicdescripons of bamboos. Apart from bamboos several new taxa, new records and nomenclaturalchanges have been published represenng different plant groups such as, Balsaminae, Orchids, Pteridophytes andLichens. He is an editorial member on Naonal Academics, SIDA Contribuon to Botany, Texas University, USA; AmericanJournal of Botany, INBAR, IDRC, Rheedea and reviewer for six scienfic journals of Academic journals, New York, USA. Hehas over 150 publicaons to his credit which includes 8 books, 2 informaon bullens, 15 chapters in books, 64 researchpapers, 40 papers in proceedings of symposia/workshops, and 3 popular arcles and 20 technical reports. He guided 3 PhDstudents of Calicut/FRI Deemed University and also had 4 aached MSc students of M.G. University.Dr. ARR MenonDr. ARR Menon, Scienst F, GIS and Remote Sensing Department, Forest Informaon ManagementSystem (FIMS) Division, superannuated from service on 31 July 2011. He joinedKFRI as Scienst in 1979. Dr Menon was instrumental in seng up the GIS and Remote sensingDivision of KFRI. His major acvies include geographical mapping of soil-cum-vegetaonof forests of Trichur Division, evergreen forests of Kerala, Species relaon studies in moist deciduousforests of Trichur Forest Division, insect pest incidence in natural forests, vegetaonmapping and analysis of Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary using Remote Sensing Techniques,evaluaon of the populaon regeneraon and invasion status of selected tree endemics inthe Shola forests of Kerala etc. During his tenure at KFRI, Dr Menon funconed as facultymember for the training courses conducted by KFRI. Dr. Menon is acve in his scienfic contribuonseven aer rerement. He funcons as Faculty member at Academy of Climate Change Educaon and Research,Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur and ERCS, Thiruvananthapuram.Sri. KK UnniSri. KK Unni, Scienst C, Scienst-in-Charge, Field Research Centre, Velupadam, KFRI, superannuatedfrom service on 31 December 2011. He joined the Botany Division of KFRI in 1978as Technical Officer and associated with the building up of the herbarium and medicinalgarden ll September 1993. He was then transferred to FRC, Velupadam to look aer thenewly inaugurated field centre which he connued ll rerement. He held the charge ofField research centre and was instrumental in developing the sub Centre to its current status.During that period, he was associated with various scienfic projects and promoted asScienst in 2003. His main contribuons include establishment of an arboretum of RET species,Bambusetum, Bamboo nursery for the sale of vagetavely propagated planng stock ofdifferent Bamboo species. He also looked aer the office administraon of the field center.

34 EvergreenDr. T SurendranDr. T Surendran, Scienst-F and Head, Tree Physiology Department, Sustainable ForestManagement Division, rered from the services of the Instute on 31 st January 2012. As aPostgraduate in Botany with specializaon in Plant Physiology, he started his career in KFRIin 1979, July and served more than 32 years ll his superannuaon. His area of specializaonis vegetave propagaon of tropical forest tree species, bamboos, clonal propagaon ofteak, eucalypts and medicinal plants. The clonal technology developed for teak is one ofhis major contribuons and he could successfully establish clonal plantaons of teak indifferent locaons in Kerala. He has also studied fire survival of species in moist deciduousevergreen and dry deciduous forests and various aspects of major teak seed produconareas of Kerala. He has over 30 publicaons in professional journals, 10 research reports andpapers in naonal and internaonal proceedings of seminars/conferences. He was awardedBrish Council’s fellowship during 1986-87 under which he successfully completed M.Sc in Environmental Forestryfrom University of Wales, UK. He had undergone advanced training in vegetave propagaon of tropical tree species atQueensland Forest Research Instute (QFRI), Australia in 2001 under the fellowship of ITTO, Japan. He presently serves asmember of the Board of studies in forestry and Wood Science of the University of Kannur, KeralaDr. K YesodharanDr. K. Yesodharan, Scienst C, Botany Department, Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservaon Division, superannuatedfrom service on 29 February 2012. He joined KFRI as Senior Scienfic Assistant in 1980. He was awarded his PhD on “Taxonomicalstudies on lignicolous fungi from forests” in 1993. Over the years he has worked on various aspects such as Fungicidalmanagement of quick wilt disease, Macrofungal flora of Peechi and Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, Biodiversity of plantpathogenic fungi in the Kerala part of the Western Ghats, Ecosystem structure, biodiversity, human dimensions and theirlinkages of Iringole sacred groves, Conservaon of the crically endangered tree Syzygium palghatense Gamble (Myrtaceae)in the Western Ghats etc. He was instrumental in establishing an arboretum of rare and characterisc species of themoist deciduous forests of Kerala. Recently he has created a muldisciplinary database of RET plants of the Kerala State.Sri. V AsokanShri V Asokan joined the Instute on 16 October 1976 as FC superintendent and rered from service on 31 July 2011 asSpecial Grade Office SuperintendentSri. A RamakrishnanShri A Ramakrishnan joinedthe Instute on 16 November1977 as Stenographerand rered from service on30 April 2011 as PA to RegistrarSri. S Shahul HameedShri S Shahul Hameed joinedthe Instute on 06 June 1979as Driver and rered fromservice on 31 May 2011 as SeniorSpecial Grade DriverSmt. KM SuseelaSmt KM Suseela joined theInstute on 18 April 1980as Office Assistant and re-red from service on 31May 2011 as Secon OffficerSri. KM VelayudhanShri KM Velayudhan joinedthe Instute on 10 March1986 and rered from serviceon 31 August 2011 as SeniorSpecial Grade Technical Assistant

35 EvergreenAPFISN Workshop on Forest Health Technology andPhytosanitary StandardsBeijing, China on 6,8,10 and 11 November 2011The Asia Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN)organized a workshop on Forest Health Technology and PhytosanitaryStandards as a side event during the Asia PacificForestry Week held in Beijing, China. The workshop had thefollowing objecves:1. To assess the current status of phytosanitary standards inthe member countries2. To evaluate the exisng legislave and regulatory systemsin member countries3. Presentaon and discussion on “Guide to implementa-on of phytosanitary standards in forestry”, and4. Preparaon of protocols for implementaon of phytosanitarystandards in forestsOn the first day of the workshop at the China InternaonalConvenon Centre, 37 par-cipants registered for thefour day event. The workshopstarted off with introductoryremarks by Mr PatrickDurst, on behalf of FAO.Dr KV Sankaran, Coordinator,APFISN explained theobjecves of the workshop.This was followed by thepresentaon of country reportsfrom Bangladesh, China,Fiji, Indonesia, Maldives,Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Samoa, Sri Lanka,Vanutu and Vietnam. A global review of the forest healthscenario was done by Gillian Allard. Sun Jianghua spoke onthe use of semiochemicals in invasive species surveys andMethods of plant survey was presented by Gillian Allard. Invasivespecies mapping techniques using open source sowarewas presented by Sitansu Patnaik and the experienceof invasive species surveillance in Vietnam was presentedby Pham Quang Thu. An overview on invasive species managementtechniques like migaon, control and eradicaonwas presented by Eric Allen.On the second day, Invasive species risk assessment protocolswere presented by Shiroma Sathyapala and methods ofearly detecon and rapid response was presented by YanYun and Chris Baddeley. Protocols for long term monitoringof biological invasions was presented by Eric Allen. Publicengagement tools in invasive species management werepresented by Chris Baddeley and TV Sajeev on the third day.An introducon on the phytostandards in forestry was providedby Gillian Allard and regional perspecves on phytosanitarystandards were presented by Lee Su See. She alsogave off quesonnaires for needs assessment survey on theGuide to implementaon of phytosanitary standards in forestryto the parcipants. Upon request from the APFISN coordinator,the parcipants presented their needs for beerresearch and management of invasive species in their respecvecountries. Major areas in which the network canhelp the member countries were idenfied.On the fourth day, Shiroma Sathyapala spoke on the relevanceof phytosanitary standards to NPPO sector and EricAllen further elaborated on the implementaon of phytosanitarystandards in forestry. Zhao Wenxia introduced thevideo on phytosanitary standards in forestry followed by thescreening of the film. Shiroma Sathyapala presented the resultsof the needs assessmentquesonnaire survey.The member countrieswere requested to preparecountry wise acon plansand sent it over to the AP-FISN secretariat. The workshopcame to a close at 3.30pm on 11 November 2011with the closing remarks ofthe APFISN Co-ordinator.The workshop had the followingmajor recommendaons:1. In the year 2012, each focal point would idenfy a flagshipinvasive species in the country and start off awarenessprogrammes in managing it. The purpose is to makethe various stakeholders aware of the invasion processand its impact on local economy.2. Based on the acon plans drawn up by the focal points,APFISN secretariate would plan specific regional trainingworkshops in the year 2012.The workshop was instrumental in reviewing the foresthealth scenario at the global and country levels, providedtraining in mapping, surveillance, risk assessment, early deteconand long term monitoring of invasive species, deliberatedextensively on the implementaon of phytosanitarystandards in forestry idenfied knowledge and resourcegaps in containing invasive species in the Asia-Pacific region.

EvergreenThe Newsletter of theKerala Forest Research Institute(An Institution of Kerala State Councilfor Science, Technology and Environment)ISSN 0254-62426Editorial Committee:Dr. R JayarajDr. M AmruthDr. TB SumaMr. KH HussainEvergreen, the newsletter of the KeralaResearch Institute, brought out inMarch and September, is intended forfree distribution to individuals andinstitutions connected with forestry.The views expressed in the newsletterare those of authors and do not necessarilyreflect the views of the Institute.The readers are welcome to communicatetheir comments and opinions.The Newsletter Committee reservesthe right to choose among the contributionsand make necessary editorialmodifications.Front Cover Image contribution:Dr. P SujanapalAddress all communications to:The Editor, EvergreenKerala Forest Research InstitutePeechi-680 653Thrissur, Kerala, IndiaPhone: +91 487 2690100E-mail : evergreen@kfri.res.inevergreenkfri@gmail.com