Municipal Solid Waste Composition Analysis Study Juba ... - UNEP
Municipal Solid Waste Composition Analysis Study Juba ... - UNEP Municipal Solid Waste Composition Analysis Study Juba ... - UNEP
6.2 Waste GenerationThe outcome from SSDO’s waste generation exercise is somewhat puzzling – producingan average household waste generation rate within Juba of 1.11 kg/cap. Day. This amountis considerably above the range found by UNEP’s International EnvironmentalTechnology Centre (2009) in a range of African cities (Accra, Ibadan, Dakar, Abidjan,and Lusaka) and determined a generation rate of 0.5-0.8 kg/capita/day.Still more perplexing is the fact that SSDO’s exercise determined that low-income houseswere actually producing more waste than high-income houses – average figures being0.87 and 1.14 kg/capita/day respectively. This statistic goes against the global trend inwhich waste generation increases in proportion to wealth.6.3 Waste DensityDensities in the range of 90 to 180 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3) for un-compactedMSW are common in OECD case studies. 1 Waste densities in African cities, by contrast,may be in the range of 180 to 540 kg/m 3 due to the high moisture and putrescible organiccontent.The average density for Juba’s waste was found to be 112 kg/m 3, which is low comparedto that of an average African city. This figure can probably be accounted for by twofactors. The first is that the study was conducted during the dry season and so themoisture content was low. The second is that, in general, the organic content of Juba’swaste is low in comparison to that of the average African city.1 It is worth noting that compacted MSW, as delivered by collection vehicles with mechanical compactors,can have densities up to two to three times that of uncompacted waste depending on the composition of thewaste, and the type of compacting equipment.Municipal solid waste composition analysis study – Juba, South Sudan 18
7. CONCLUSIONS1. The waste characterisation exercise was undertaken during the dry season in Juba– although there were occasional light showers of rain. So the understanding ofthe character of Juba’s waste remains partial.2. By undertaking this waste generation and characterisation exercise an importantstep has been taken towards assisting with the planning and implementation ofappropriate and sustainable SWM practices within Juba in the future.3. The waste generation rates of 1.1kg/capita/day are surprisingly high and should betaken with a degree of caution until such time as when a second exercise isundertaken in the wet season. Presently, it is difficult to explain why lowerincome houses were found to be producing more waste than high income houses –a finding which goes against both African and global trends.4. The average bulk density of the waste of 112 kg/m 3 indicates that the wastematerial could be compacted by waste collection vehicles fitted with acompaction mechanism – similar to those recently deployed by Juba City Council.Such vehicles are more economical than an equivalent sized flat-bed truckbecause their payloads are three to four times bigger.5. There is a healthy amount of informal recycling activities at the disposal site.PET, and aluminium and ferrous metal containers are the materials that arerecycled the most.6. Spending a week on the Lagoon Dump Site has reinforced an appreciation of thecontribution made by the waste-pickers both to their economy and to wastemanagement. They salvage significant amounts of recyclable materials daily andin so doing generate income for many local people and help to extend theoperational life of the site.7. Lastly, these practices of waste picking and the benefits they bring, could beaugmented by composting organic waste, which represents 31% of the totalincoming waste. That possibility should be explored, as should the potential forusing the compost in the local agricultural sector.Municipal solid waste composition analysis study – Juba, South Sudan 19
- Page 1 and 2: Municipal Solid WasteComposition An
- Page 3 and 4: Table of contents1. Background and
- Page 5 and 6: On the other hand, the engineered v
- Page 7 and 8: 2. METHODOLOGY2.1 Waste Characteris
- Page 9 and 10: Six individuals were recruited as d
- Page 11 and 12: 4. PROCEDURE4.1 Waste Characterisat
- Page 13 and 14: Table 1 - Details of Waste Samples
- Page 15 and 16: Supervisory staff ensured that sort
- Page 17 and 18: The main components of the MSW from
- Page 19: Metal WasteMetal waste accounted fo
- Page 23 and 24: ATTACHMENT 1Waste Analysis Forms•
- Page 25 and 26: ATTACHMENT 2Waste DefinitionsPAPER
- Page 27 and 28: type includes milk jugs, water jugs
- Page 29 and 30: 33. "Batteries" means any battery.
- Page 31 and 32: Municipal solid waste composition a
7. CONCLUSIONS1. The waste characterisation exercise was undertaken during the dry season in <strong>Juba</strong>– although there were occasional light showers of rain. So the understanding ofthe character of <strong>Juba</strong>’s waste remains partial.2. By undertaking this waste generation and characterisation exercise an importantstep has been taken towards assisting with the planning and implementation ofappropriate and sustainable SWM practices within <strong>Juba</strong> in the future.3. The waste generation rates of 1.1kg/capita/day are surprisingly high and should betaken with a degree of caution until such time as when a second exercise isundertaken in the wet season. Presently, it is difficult to explain why lowerincome houses were found to be producing more waste than high income houses –a finding which goes against both African and global trends.4. The average bulk density of the waste of 112 kg/m 3 indicates that the wastematerial could be compacted by waste collection vehicles fitted with acompaction mechanism – similar to those recently deployed by <strong>Juba</strong> City Council.Such vehicles are more economical than an equivalent sized flat-bed truckbecause their payloads are three to four times bigger.5. There is a healthy amount of informal recycling activities at the disposal site.PET, and aluminium and ferrous metal containers are the materials that arerecycled the most.6. Spending a week on the Lagoon Dump Site has reinforced an appreciation of thecontribution made by the waste-pickers both to their economy and to wastemanagement. They salvage significant amounts of recyclable materials daily andin so doing generate income for many local people and help to extend theoperational life of the site.7. Lastly, these practices of waste picking and the benefits they bring, could beaugmented by composting organic waste, which represents 31% of the totalincoming waste. That possibility should be explored, as should the potential forusing the compost in the local agricultural sector.<strong>Municipal</strong> solid waste composition analysis study – <strong>Juba</strong>, South Sudan 19
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