Draft Environmental Impact Report - East Bay Municipal Utility District

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Estates Reservoir Replacement Draft Environmental Impact ReportGreenhouse Gasescorrespondingly lower emissions. Fuel consumption is the basis for determining dieselexhaust emissions in this section as well as Section 3.7, Air Quality.Off-site Vehicle EmissionsA relatively small source of GHG emissions compared to on-site equipment, off-sitevehicle emissions comprise worker commute trips in light-duty vehicles (passenger carsand light trucks) to and from the Project site, and heavy-duty truck emissions generallyassociated with hauling away debris and transporting materials and equipment to the site.Commuter trip estimates developed by EBMUD were used as the basis, using theemissions estimation methodology given in the BAAQMD CEQA Guidelines Section 3.4,Table 9. Similarly, heavy-duty truck trip estimates developed by EBMUD were translatedinto emissions utilizing CARB’s EMFAC 2007 computer program (i.e., determination ofemission factors), along with light-duty gasoline vehicles. GHG from vehicle use wereestimated following the protocol given in Table A-99, Annex 3 of the Inventory of U.S.Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2006. (EPA 2008)TABLE 3.8-1Estimated Maximum Fuel Consumption for ProjectProject ActivityHourlygal/hrDailygal/dayProjectgallonsDemolition Phase 90 530 15,000Construction Phase 110 580 55,000Project Total 70,000Sources: BSFC = (7,000 BTU/BHP-hr) / (137,030 BTU/gal) = 0.051 gal/BHP-hrAP-42 Table 3.3-1 EBMUD 20093.8.2 Setting/Regulatory FrameworkThe environmental setting for GHG emissions and climate change is larger than theimmediate Project area. The sections below describe the context for climate change asbeing the Earth and the properties of GHGs to affect global climate change.Overview of Climate ChangeUnder the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), thedefinition of climate change is “a change of climate which is attributed directly orindirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere andwhich is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”(USEPA 2008).sb09_001.doc 3-8.2 7/22/2009
Properties of the Earth’s AtmosphereEstates Reservoir Replacement Draft Environmental Impact ReportGreenhouse GasesTable 3.8-2 shows the typical composition of dry standard air (UIG 2008, USEPA 2008).The apparent molecular weight of dry standard air is 28.966 (Jennings 1970, du Pont1971).TABLE 3.8-2Standard Composition of Dry AirPrincipal GasChemicalSymbolMWg/moleConcentrationppmvMolefractionFractionpercentMWg/moleNitrogen N 2 28.014 780,805.00 0.78080500 78.080500 21.873471Oxygen O 2 31.998 209,450.00 0.20945000 20.945000 6.701981Argon Ar 39.948 9,340.00 0.00934000 0.934000 0.373114Carbon Dioxide CO 2 44.009 377.76 0.00037776 0.037776 0.016625Neon Ne 20.183 18.21 0.00001821 0.001821 0.000368Helium He 4.003 5.24 0.00000524 0.000524 0.000021Methane CH 4 16.043 1.75 0.00000175 0.000175 0.000028Krypton Kr 83.800 1.14 0.00000114 0.000114 0.000096Hydrogen H 2 2.016 0.50 0.00000050 0.000050 0.000001Nitrous Oxide N 2 O 44.013 0.31 0.00000031 0.000031 0.000014Xenon Xe 31.300 0.09 0.00000009 0.000009 0.000003Totals 1,000,000.00 1.00000000 100.000000 28.966Source: Universal Industrial Gases, Inc., http://www.uigi.com/air.html, 2008.USEPA 2008Condensed Laboratory Handbook, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, DE, 1971Environmental Engineering – Analysis and Practice, B. H. Jennings, International Textbook Company, 1970Notes: MW = molecular weight, g/moleppmv = parts per million by volume (10-6)Carbon dioxide varies with uptake by removal mechanisms, 365 (IPCC) to 380 ppmv (UIG)Properties of Greenhouse GasesAs shown in Table 3.8-2, over 99 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere consists of nitrogenand oxygen. However, neither plays a significant role in enhancing the greenhouse effectbecause both are essentially transparent to terrestrial radiation. The greenhouse effect isprimarily a function of the concentration of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other tracegases in the atmosphere that absorb the terrestrial radiation leaving the surface of the Earth(USEPA 2008). Changes in the atmospheric concentrations of these greenhouse gases canalter the balance of energy transfers between the atmosphere, space, land, and the oceans.A gauge of these changes is called radiative forcing, which is a simple measure of changesin the energy available to the Earth-atmosphere system (USEPA 2008).A brief description of each GHG, its sources, and its role in the atmosphere is givenbelow. The following section then explains the concept of Global Warming Potential(GWP), which are assigned to individual gases as a measure of their relative averageglobal radiative forcing effect.sb09_001.doc 3-8.3 7/22/2009
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Estates Reservoir ReplacementDraft
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TABLE OF CONTENTSEstates Reservoir
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Estates Reservoir Replacement Draft
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSABABAGAPC
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SUMMARYS.1 IntroductionThis Draft E
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Estates Reservoir Improvements Draf
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Chapter 2Project Description2.1 Ove
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Chapter 3Environmental Setting, Imp
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CHAPTER 5Cumulative Impacts, Growth
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CHAPTER 6Report Preparers6.1 Lead A
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APPENDIX APublic InvolvementPublic
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APPENDIX BNotice of PreparationAUGU
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Dingee Pressure Zone Improvement Pr
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FIGURESDingee Pressure Zone Improve
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