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THREATS ASSESSMENTOPPORTUNITIES, NEEDS, LESSONS, AND NEXT STEPSGLOSSARYLNE APPENDICESAppendix 1: Target Species ListAppendix 2: Secondary Targets with Eos in Portfolio and 10-year Action SitesAppendix 3: Viable Community Occurrences Grouped by SubregionAppendix 4: Matrix Forest Associations within Tier 1 Preferred SitesAppendix 5: Ecological Land Unit Gap Analysis SummaryAppendix 6: The Seven Major LNE-NP Ecological Drainage UnitsAppendix 7: Planning TeamsBIBLIOGRAPHY
IntroductionEcoregional Planning in the Nature ConservancyThe Nature Conservancy’s mission is to preserve the plants, animals, and naturalcommunities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands andwaters they need to survive. The increasing rate of extinction in recent years has led tothe realization that conserving rare and threatened species and natural communities per seis insufficient to effectively protect biodiversity. In broadening the scope of its work, theConservancy has shifted towards protecting landscapes on an ecoregional scale.Planning by ecoregions, or areas that are unified in climate, topography, geology, andvegetation, is more sensible ecologically than planning within political boundaries suchas states or provinces. Ecoregional planning methods improve on the traditional approachof protecting rare species and terrestrial communities by expanding to include commonecosystems that are representative of each ecoregion. Protection of good examples ofthese representative ecosystems can serve as a “coarse filter,” protecting a broad diversityof both common and rare species. The methods chapters in this report explain andelaborate on the concepts introduced here, especially as they relate to ecoregionalplanning in the Northeast and East.Two criteria for assessing conservation sites have become part of the new thinking -“functionality” and size. Functional sites are simply those in which ecological processesare sufficiently intact to sustain focal species and natural communities over the long term.Size is important because large, complex, multi-scale and relatively intact conservationareas – or landscapes - are likely to be the most efficient and effective at conservingbiodiversity. These ideas have dovetailed with the developing need to identify examplesof common, widespread natural community types as conservation targets in ecoregionalportfolios, and have led to the inclusion of matrix-forming communities (especially forestcommunities in the Eastern U.S.) as a landscape-scale conservation target in ecoregionalplans.Ecoregional plans that address both the rare and the common, at the species, community,and landscape or watershed levels, will guide the Conservancy’s actions for years tocome. Using all available data on the distribution of ecosystems, communities, andspecies, Conservancy teams and our partners are working to design networks ofconservation areas within each ecoregion.Ecoregional plans identify a set of portfolio sites, or areas that need to be protected inorder to conserve the native biodiversity of the region into the future. The plan is aproduct of a collective initiative between many people and organizations whoparticipated in the project as partners, experts and advisors. Members of this cooperativeeffort generally include Conservancy staff, Natural Heritage Program scientists,university professionals, state and federal agencies, other conservation organizations, andlocal experts.Conservation sites that make up the portfolio generally range from small (several acres)to very large (tens of thousands of acres) sites. Local Conservancy units chose a subset ofthese sites, their ten-year action sites, where they will focus conservation activity in thenext ten years. For these areas, the Conservancy will develop detailed Conservation Area3/2003 INTRO-1
Page 1 and 2: Lower New England - Northern Piedmo
Page 3: TABLE OF CONTENTSCOVERINTRODUCTIONA
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgementsEdited Version and
Page 9 and 10: combinations based on surficial geo
Page 11 and 12: Priorities and Leadership Assignmen
Page 13 and 14: Portfolio SummaryA total of 1,028 s
Page 15 and 16: each local population with respect
Page 17 and 18: potential target list for future co
Page 19 and 20: iteration ecoregional plans, specie
Page 21 and 22: RESULTS FOR SPECIES *Modification t
Page 23 and 24: documented in BCD making analysis v
Page 25 and 26: PLANNING METHODS FOR ECOREGIONAL TA
Page 27 and 28: sandy outwash and forested swamps a
Page 29 and 30: and distribution pattern for each e
Page 31 and 32: disproportionately large percentage
Page 33 and 34: to that ecoregion alone. Those syst
Page 35 and 36: Locating examples of patch-forming
Page 37 and 38: systems. Conversely, high elevation
Page 39 and 40: The minimum goals based on generic
Page 41 and 42: Results for Terrestrial Communities
Page 43 and 44: Table 6. Minimum conservation bench
Page 45 and 46: • The National Vegetation Classif
Page 47 and 48: of ecoregions, from the Northern Ap
Page 49 and 50: How much larger than the severe dam
Page 51 and 52: Scaling factors for Matrix Forest S
Page 53 and 54: Roads are also source areas for noi
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ungulates. We simply discussed thes
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conservation plan must be done to r
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position, its geology and its eleva
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this block, miles of streams, dams
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Connecting Area or Ecological Backd
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MATRIX SITE:NAME:STATE/S:SIZE:Total
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Block developmentTwo sets of ecoblo
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Table 12. A description of the elev
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There are 27 ELU types entirely mis
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Freshwater Ecoregions and Ecologica
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classes: size 1) headwaters to smal
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Figure 2: Watershed Aquatic System
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targets should also include conside
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have also not been extensively rese
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Table 5: Confidence Code1 High Conf
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TYPECHARACTERISTICSELU signatureSIZ
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Midreach streamentering large lakes
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Major stresses: Using the following
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Aquatic Systems Results for Lower N
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Figure 1: Ecological Drainage Unit
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IV. MiddleConnecticut3450 sq.mi.Riv
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Table 3: Fish and Mussel Distributi
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merrlowctcapeupctmidct3E-03100Nativ
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Figure 2: Size 2 Watershed SystemsR
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TWINSPAN RelationshipsThe hierarchi
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13 and 14 split from 15-17 primaril
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Table 5: Size 2 Watershed System Su
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Table 6: Size 3 Watershed System Su
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Figure 7: Reach Gradient ClassesREV
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Of these 480 possible combinations,
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Units supported the distinctiveness
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Condition ResultsGIS ScreeningSize
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Size 2 Watershed: Landscape Context
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Table 10: Size 2 Watershed Landscap
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Table 16: Dams on Size 2, 3,4 River
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Most of the dams in the analysis re
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shallow water fish spawning grounds
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Figure 11: Aquatic PortfolioREVISED
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Table 19: Size 3 Watershed System T
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Table 21: Portfolio Examples by EDU
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Range in Landscape Context Ranking
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Table 25: Upper Connecticut Portfol
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Table 27: Portfolio Size 2-4 Exampl
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2_24 S2c Assabet River 5.45 18.03 S
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For the medium to large sized river
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tributaries of the Assonet, Namaske
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Threats AssessmentThe Core Team mad
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• Work with TNC Eastern Conservat
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GlossaryThese selective glossary en
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Ecological Land Unit (ELU):Mapping
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Integration: A portfolio assembly p
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Representativeness: Captures multip
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Appendix 1Lower New England/Norther
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Page 163 and 164:
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KEY TO TERMS OF FEDERALLY LISTED SP
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
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Appendix 1.Lower New England/Northe
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Appendix 1Lower New England\Norther
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Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Appendix 4.Lower New England\Northe
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Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
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DRAFT LNE-NP Ecoregional Plan 9\20\
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BibiliographyLower New England GIS
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BibiliographyD.P. (compilers), 1994
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Bailey, R.G., P.E. Avers, T. King,
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Gerritsen, J., M.T. Barbour, and K.
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Leopold, L.B. and Wolman, M.G. 1957
Page 209 and 210:
Pulliam, H.R., 1988. Sources, sinks
Page 211 and 212:
Steedman, R.J. 1988. Modification a
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