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• Prairie Warbler in open sandy areas with shrubs, and dry brushy pasture,• Bicknell’s Thrush in stunted conifer forests at high elevation in Lower New England.SPP-RESULTS-4
PLANNING METHODS FOR ECOREGIONAL TARGETS:TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND COMMUNITIES *Coarse-filter and fine-filter targetsThe mission of the Nature Conservancy is the long-term conservation of all biodiversity(ecosystems, communities, species and sustaining processes) present in all ecoregions.This broad objective encompasses every living thing from rare salamanders or largecarnivores to whole ecosystems such as montane spruce-fir forest with all its associatedspecies diversity, structural components and ecosystem functions. The NatureConservancy describes its comprehensive protection approach as “coarse-filter / finefilter”strategy. “Coarse-filter” targets are the ecosystems and communities thatcharacterize the ecoregion and define its landscapes. These targets are the subjects of thischapter. It is a significant topic, as coarse filter targets not only implicitly conserve up to99% of the species present in the ecoregion but also help maintain the larger ecologicalcontext and processes of the region. “Fine-filter” targets are those species that we believecan not be adequately conserved by the protection of ecosystems alone but requireexplicit and direct conservation attention. They are the subjects of the chapter PlanningMethods for Ecoregional Targets: Species.It is worth considering the meaning of “conserving an ecosystem’s associated species,structural components and ecosystem functions.” “Associated species” includeeverything from breeding habitat for birds and mammals to complex vegetation layers tosoil invertebrates. “Structural components” refer to vegetation structure and, morebroadly, to all the accumulating organic materials that link a system historically to a placeand stabilize the ecosystem. These features, collectively termed biological legacies,include coarse woody debris, seed banks, soil nutrient reservoirs and extensive fungalnetworks — essentially the by-products of previous or current residents. The third term,“important ecosystem functions,” refers to processes such as water filtering and storage,nutrient transformations, solar energy capture and carbon sequestration that an ecosystemperforms. Keeping these three dimensions of an ecosystem in mind can help clarify thecriteria for defining ecosystem types, assessing the viability of examples and selectingplaces for conservation action.Ecosystem and community targets: IntroductionUnlike focal species targets, where a small proportion of all the potential species areselected for direct conservation attention, for ecosystems and communities all types* Anderson, M.G. and S.L. Bernstein (editors). 2003. Planning methods for ecoregional targets: Terrestrialecosystems and communities. The Nature Conservancy, Conservation Science Support, Northeast &Caribbean Division, Boston, MA.The standard methodologies sections created for this and all Northeast ecoregional assessment reports wereadapted from material originally written by team leaders and other scientists and analysts who served onecoregional planning teams in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. The sections have been reviewed byseveral planners and scientists within the Conservancy. Team leaders included Mark Anderson, HenryBarbour, Andrew Beers, Steve Buttrick, Sara Davison, Jarel Hilton, Doug Samson, Elizabeth Thompson,Jim Thorne, and Robert Zaremba. Arlene Olivero was the primary author of freshwater aquatic methods.Mark Anderson substantially wrote or reworked all other methodologies sections. Susan Bernstein editedand compiled all sections.REVISED 7/2003COMM-1
Page 1 and 2: Lower New England - Northern Piedmo
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTSCOVERINTRODUCTIONA
Page 5 and 6: IntroductionEcoregional Planning in
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgementsEdited Version and
Page 9 and 10: combinations based on surficial geo
Page 11 and 12: Priorities and Leadership Assignmen
Page 13 and 14: Portfolio SummaryA total of 1,028 s
Page 15 and 16: each local population with respect
Page 17 and 18: potential target list for future co
Page 19 and 20: iteration ecoregional plans, specie
Page 21 and 22: RESULTS FOR SPECIES *Modification t
Page 23: documented in BCD making analysis v
Page 27 and 28: sandy outwash and forested swamps a
Page 29 and 30: and distribution pattern for each e
Page 31 and 32: disproportionately large percentage
Page 33 and 34: to that ecoregion alone. Those syst
Page 35 and 36: Locating examples of patch-forming
Page 37 and 38: systems. Conversely, high elevation
Page 39 and 40: The minimum goals based on generic
Page 41 and 42: Results for Terrestrial Communities
Page 43 and 44: Table 6. Minimum conservation bench
Page 45 and 46: • The National Vegetation Classif
Page 47 and 48: of ecoregions, from the Northern Ap
Page 49 and 50: How much larger than the severe dam
Page 51 and 52: Scaling factors for Matrix Forest S
Page 53 and 54: Roads are also source areas for noi
Page 55 and 56: ungulates. We simply discussed thes
Page 57 and 58: conservation plan must be done to r
Page 59 and 60: position, its geology and its eleva
Page 61 and 62: this block, miles of streams, dams
Page 63 and 64: Connecting Area or Ecological Backd
Page 65 and 66: MATRIX SITE:NAME:STATE/S:SIZE:Total
Page 67 and 68: Block developmentTwo sets of ecoblo
Page 69 and 70: Table 12. A description of the elev
Page 71 and 72: There are 27 ELU types entirely mis
Page 73 and 74: Freshwater Ecoregions and Ecologica
Page 75 and 76:
classes: size 1) headwaters to smal
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 2: Watershed Aquatic System
Page 79 and 80:
targets should also include conside
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have also not been extensively rese
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Table 5: Confidence Code1 High Conf
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TYPECHARACTERISTICSELU signatureSIZ
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Midreach streamentering large lakes
Page 89 and 90:
Major stresses: Using the following
Page 91 and 92:
Aquatic Systems Results for Lower N
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 1: Ecological Drainage Unit
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IV. MiddleConnecticut3450 sq.mi.Riv
Page 97 and 98:
Table 3: Fish and Mussel Distributi
Page 99 and 100:
merrlowctcapeupctmidct3E-03100Nativ
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 2: Size 2 Watershed SystemsR
Page 103 and 104:
TWINSPAN RelationshipsThe hierarchi
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13 and 14 split from 15-17 primaril
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Table 5: Size 2 Watershed System Su
Page 109 and 110:
Table 6: Size 3 Watershed System Su
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 7: Reach Gradient ClassesREV
Page 113 and 114:
Of these 480 possible combinations,
Page 115 and 116:
Units supported the distinctiveness
Page 117 and 118:
Condition ResultsGIS ScreeningSize
Page 119 and 120:
Size 2 Watershed: Landscape Context
Page 121 and 122:
Table 10: Size 2 Watershed Landscap
Page 123 and 124:
Table 16: Dams on Size 2, 3,4 River
Page 125 and 126:
Most of the dams in the analysis re
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shallow water fish spawning grounds
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 11: Aquatic PortfolioREVISED
Page 131 and 132:
Table 19: Size 3 Watershed System T
Page 133 and 134:
Table 21: Portfolio Examples by EDU
Page 135 and 136:
Range in Landscape Context Ranking
Page 137 and 138:
Table 25: Upper Connecticut Portfol
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Table 27: Portfolio Size 2-4 Exampl
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2_24 S2c Assabet River 5.45 18.03 S
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For the medium to large sized river
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tributaries of the Assonet, Namaske
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Threats AssessmentThe Core Team mad
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• Work with TNC Eastern Conservat
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GlossaryThese selective glossary en
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Ecological Land Unit (ELU):Mapping
Page 155 and 156:
Integration: A portfolio assembly p
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Representativeness: Captures multip
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Appendix 1Lower New England/Norther
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
KEY TO TERMS OF FEDERALLY LISTED SP
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix 1.Lower New England/Northe
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix 1Lower New England\Norther
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Appendix 4.Lower New England\Northe
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
DRAFT LNE-NP Ecoregional Plan 9\20\
Page 199 and 200:
BibiliographyLower New England GIS
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BibiliographyD.P. (compilers), 1994
Page 203 and 204:
Bailey, R.G., P.E. Avers, T. King,
Page 205 and 206:
Gerritsen, J., M.T. Barbour, and K.
Page 207 and 208:
Leopold, L.B. and Wolman, M.G. 1957
Page 209 and 210:
Pulliam, H.R., 1988. Sources, sinks
Page 211 and 212:
Steedman, R.J. 1988. Modification a
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