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Bibliography *Abell, R. A, D.M. Olson, E. Dinerstein, P.T. Hurley, J.R. Diggs, W. Eichbaum, S.Walters, W. Wettengel, T. Allnutt, C.J. Loucks, and P. Hedao. 2000. FreshwaterEcoregions of North America: a conservation assessment. World Wildlife Fund – US,Island Press, Washington, DC. 319pp.Allen, J.D. 1995. Stream Ecology: Structure and function of running waters. KluwerAcademic Publishers. Dordrecht, The NetherlandsAnderson, M.G. 1999. Viability and Spatial Assessment of Ecological Communities inthe Northern Appalachian Ecoregion. University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH.Ph.D. dissertation.Anderson, M.G., P. Comer, D. Grossman, C. Groves, K. Poiani, M. Reid, R. Schneider,B. Vickery, and A. Weakley. 1999. Guidelines for representing ecological communitiesin ecoregional conservation plans. The Nature Conservancy. 74 pp.Anderson, M.G., M.D. Merrill, and F.D. Biasi. 1998. Connecticut River WatershedAnalysis: Ecological communities and Neo-tropical migratory birds. Final ReportSummary to USGS Biological Resources Division. The Nature Conservancy, Boston,MA.Anderson, M.G., M.D. Merrill, F.D. Biasi and K.A. Poiani. 1998. Developingbiodiversity surrogates for ecoregional planning in the Central Appalachians The NatureConservancy, Boston, MA. Unpublished report.Anderson, M.G. and A.P. Olivero. 2000. The Lower New England Ecological LandUnits: Draft Dataset Documentation. The Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA.Anderson, M.G. and B. Vickery. Scaling the coarse filter: determining the adequate sizeof ecosystem-based reserves. Conservation Biology. In press.Angermeier, P.L. and I.J. Schlosser. 1995. Conserving aquatic biodiversity: Beyondspecies and populations. American Fisheries Society Symposium 17: 402-414.Angermeier, P.L. and M.R. Winston. 1998. Local vs. regional influences on localdiversity in stream fish communities of Virginia. Ecology 79: 911-927.Argent, D.G., J.A. Bishop, J.R. Stauffer, Jr., R.F. Carline, W.L. Myers. 2002. Predictingfreshwater fish distributions using landscape-level variables. Fisheries Research 1411:1-16.Armitage, P.D. 1978. Downstream changes in the composition, numbers, and biomass ofbottom fauna in the Tees below Cow Green Reservoir and in an unregulated tributaryMaize Beck, in the first five years after impoundment. Hydrobiologia, 58:145-56.Arya, S. 1999. Explaining biotic integrity and habitat across multiple scales: an empiricalanalysis of landscape, land use, and land cover variables in an Ohio ecoregion,www.ucgis.org/oregon/papers/arya.htm* Anderson, M.G. and S.L. Bernstein (editors). 2003. Planning methods for ecoregional targets:Bibliography. The Nature Conservancy, Conservation Science Support, Northeast & Caribbean Division,Boston, MA.UPDATED 7/2003BIB-1
Bailey, R.G., P.E. Avers, T. King, and W.H. McNab (editors). 1994. Ecoregions andsubregions of the United States. Map (scale 1:7,500,000). U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service.Baker, W.L. 1992. The landscape ecology of large disturbances in the design andmanagement of nature reserves. Landscape Ecology 7: 181-194.Barnes, B.V. 1984. Forest ecosystem classification and mapping in Baden-Wurttemberg,West Germany. In: Forest land classification: experience, problems, perspectives.Proceedings of the symposium; 1984 March 18-20, pp. 49-65. Madison, WIBarnes, B.V., K.S. Pregitzer; T.A. Spies, and V.H. Spooner. 1982. Ecological forest siteclassification. Journal of Forestry 80: 493-98.Berkman, H.E. and C.F. Rabeni. 1987. Effect of siltation on stream fish communities.Environmental Biology of Fishes, 18:285-94.Bolstad, P.V. and W.T. Swank. 1997. Cumulative impacts of landuse on water quality ina Southern Appalachian watershed. Journal of the American water resourcesassociation, 33(3).Brittingham, M.C, and S.A. Temple. 1983. Have cowbirds caused forest songbirds todecline? BioScience 33:31-35Brody, A.J. and M.P. Pelton. 1989. Effects of roads on black bear movements in westernNorth Carolina. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 17:5-10.Bryer, MT., R. Smith. 2001. The Nature Conservancy’s Aquatic Ecoregional Planning.The Nature Conservancy. Arlington, VA.Burke, D.M., and E. Nol. 1998. Influence of food abundance, nest-site habitat, and forestfragmentation on breeding ovenbirds. Auk 115(1):96-104.Burnett, M.R., P.V. August, J.H. Brown, Jr., and K.T. Killingbeck. 1998. The influenceof geomorphological heterogeneity on biodiversity. I. A patch-scale perspective.Conservation Biology 12: 363-370.Canham, C.D., and O.L. Loucks. 1984. Catastrophic windthrow in the presettlementforests of Wisconsin. Ecology 65:803-809.Chandler, D.S. 1987. Species richness and abundance of Pselaphidae (Coleoptera) in oldgrowthand 40-year-old forests in New Hampshire. Can. J. Zool. 65:608-615.Chasko, G.G., and J.E.Gates. 1982. Avian habitat suitability along a transmission-linecorridor in an oak-hickory forest region. Wildlife Monographs 82:1-41.Couch, C. et al. 1997 Fish Dynamics in Urban Streams Near Atlanta, Georgia. TechnicalNote 94. Watershed Protection Techniques. 2(4): 511-514.Cox, J., R. Kautz, M. MacLaughlin, and T. Gilbert. 1994. Closing the gaps in Florida'swildlife habitat conservation system. Tallahassee (FL): Office of EnvironmentalServices, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission.Culbertson, D.M., L.E. Young, and J.C. Brice. 1967. Scour and fill in alluvial channels.U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report, 58 pp.UPDATED 7/2003BIB-2
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Lower New England - Northern Piedmo
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TABLE OF CONTENTSCOVERINTRODUCTIONA
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IntroductionEcoregional Planning in
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AcknowledgementsEdited Version and
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combinations based on surficial geo
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Priorities and Leadership Assignmen
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Portfolio SummaryA total of 1,028 s
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each local population with respect
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potential target list for future co
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iteration ecoregional plans, specie
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RESULTS FOR SPECIES *Modification t
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documented in BCD making analysis v
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PLANNING METHODS FOR ECOREGIONAL TA
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sandy outwash and forested swamps a
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and distribution pattern for each e
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disproportionately large percentage
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to that ecoregion alone. Those syst
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Locating examples of patch-forming
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systems. Conversely, high elevation
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The minimum goals based on generic
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Results for Terrestrial Communities
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Table 6. Minimum conservation bench
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• The National Vegetation Classif
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of ecoregions, from the Northern Ap
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How much larger than the severe dam
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Scaling factors for Matrix Forest S
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Roads are also source areas for noi
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ungulates. We simply discussed thes
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conservation plan must be done to r
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position, its geology and its eleva
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this block, miles of streams, dams
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Connecting Area or Ecological Backd
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MATRIX SITE:NAME:STATE/S:SIZE:Total
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Block developmentTwo sets of ecoblo
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Table 12. A description of the elev
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There are 27 ELU types entirely mis
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Freshwater Ecoregions and Ecologica
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classes: size 1) headwaters to smal
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Figure 2: Watershed Aquatic System
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targets should also include conside
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have also not been extensively rese
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Table 5: Confidence Code1 High Conf
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TYPECHARACTERISTICSELU signatureSIZ
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Midreach streamentering large lakes
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Major stresses: Using the following
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Aquatic Systems Results for Lower N
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Figure 1: Ecological Drainage Unit
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IV. MiddleConnecticut3450 sq.mi.Riv
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Table 3: Fish and Mussel Distributi
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merrlowctcapeupctmidct3E-03100Nativ
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Figure 2: Size 2 Watershed SystemsR
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TWINSPAN RelationshipsThe hierarchi
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13 and 14 split from 15-17 primaril
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Table 5: Size 2 Watershed System Su
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Table 6: Size 3 Watershed System Su
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Figure 7: Reach Gradient ClassesREV
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Of these 480 possible combinations,
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Units supported the distinctiveness
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Condition ResultsGIS ScreeningSize
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Size 2 Watershed: Landscape Context
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Table 10: Size 2 Watershed Landscap
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Table 16: Dams on Size 2, 3,4 River
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Most of the dams in the analysis re
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shallow water fish spawning grounds
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Figure 11: Aquatic PortfolioREVISED
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Table 19: Size 3 Watershed System T
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Table 21: Portfolio Examples by EDU
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Range in Landscape Context Ranking
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Table 25: Upper Connecticut Portfol
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Table 27: Portfolio Size 2-4 Exampl
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2_24 S2c Assabet River 5.45 18.03 S
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For the medium to large sized river
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tributaries of the Assonet, Namaske
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Threats AssessmentThe Core Team mad
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• Work with TNC Eastern Conservat
Page 151 and 152: GlossaryThese selective glossary en
Page 153 and 154: Ecological Land Unit (ELU):Mapping
Page 155 and 156: Integration: A portfolio assembly p
Page 157 and 158: Representativeness: Captures multip
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 1Lower New England/Norther
Page 165 and 166: KEY TO TERMS OF FEDERALLY LISTED SP
Page 171 and 172: Appendix 1.Lower New England/Northe
Page 173 and 174: Appendix 1Lower New England\Norther
Page 187 and 188: Appendix 4.Lower New England\Northe
Page 197 and 198: DRAFT LNE-NP Ecoregional Plan 9\20\
Page 199 and 200: BibiliographyLower New England GIS
Page 201: BibiliographyD.P. (compilers), 1994
Page 205 and 206: Gerritsen, J., M.T. Barbour, and K.
Page 207 and 208: Leopold, L.B. and Wolman, M.G. 1957
Page 209 and 210: Pulliam, H.R., 1988. Sources, sinks
Page 211 and 212: Steedman, R.J. 1988. Modification a
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