LECTURES ON GEOCHEMICAL !N1 ERPRETATION OF ...

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Report 10, 1989LECTURES ON GEOCHEMICAL INTERPRETATION OFHYDROTHERMAL WATERSPublication of theUNU Geothermal Training ProgrammeNational Energy AuthorityGrensasvegur 9108 ReykjavikIcelandAddress of the author:U.S. Geological SurveyMenlo ParkCalifornia 94025U.SA
PREFACESince the foundation of the UNU Geothermal Training Programme in Iceland in 1979. it hasbeen customary to invite annually one geothermal expert to come to Iceland as a UNU VisitingLecturer. The UNU Visiting Lecturers have been in residence in Reykjavik from one to eightweeks. They have given a series of lectures on their speciality and held discussion sessions withthe UNU Fellows attending the Training Programme. The lectures of the UNU VisitingLecturers have also been open to the geothermal community in Iceland, and have always beenvery well attended. It is the good fortune of the UNU Geothermal Training Programme thatso many distinguished geolhermal specialists with an international reputation have found timeto visit us. Following is a list of the UNU Visiting Lecturers during 1979-1988:1979 Donald E. White United States1980 Christopher Armstead United Kingdom1981 Derek H. Freeston New Zealand1982 Stanley H. Ward United States1983 Pat rick Browne New Zealand1984 Enrico Barbier Italy1985 Bernardo S. Tolentino Philippines1986 C. Russel James New Zealand1987 Robert Harrison United Kingdom1988 Robert 0. Fournier United StatesThe UNU Visiting Lecturer of 1988, Dr. Robert O. Fournier, has for about two decades beenone of the leading authorities in the world on the interpretation of the chemical compositionof hydrothermal waters. It is a great honour for the UNU Geothermal Training Programme topublish here the text of the lectures that he gave in Reykjavik in the fall of 1988. We arevery grateful for the contribution of Dr. Fournier to the Training Programme and its effortsto assist scientists and engineers in the developing countries to have access to the most up todate methods for the interpretation of geothermal data.Ingvar Birgir Fridleifsson,Director,United Nations UniversityGeotherrnal Training Programme.
Page 1: ,. ,O~KUSTOFNUNNATIONAL ENER GY AUT
Page 5 and 6: P~eTHE SOLUBILITY OF SILICA IV HYDR
Page 7: - 1 -CARBONATE TRANSPORT AND DEPOSI
Page 10 and 11: - 4ca~bonic acid (Table 3). Equatio
Page 12 and 13: - 6 -Values of y a~ewater and the r
Page 14 and 15: - 8 -The s implest equation ~ep~ese
Page 16 and 17: - 10 -c0"0"'0>,'"0>>-.- .D"0"'Q)Q'"
Page 18 and 19: - 12 -The effect of partitioning of
Page 20 and 21: - 14 -FIGURE 5. The computed activi
Page 22 and 23: - 16 -REFEREYCESA~o~sson.S .• 191
Page 24 and 25: TABLE 2.Coefficients for use with e
Page 26 and 27: - 20 -TABLE 4. Values of ionie cnar
Page 28 and 29: - 22 -vapor pressure of pure water
Page 30 and 31: - 24 -Figure 2 shows the solubility
Page 32 and 33: - 26 -TABLE 2. Temperatures, enthal
Page 34 and 35: - 28 -800600~ci>E 400NoVi200o 500 1
Page 36 and 37: - 30 -800~ 600"- 0>E 400NoVi200o 50
Page 38 and 39: - 32 -has an enthalpy L , and the r
Page 40 and 41: - 34 -tempe~atu~e in kelvins. Molal
Page 42 and 43: - 36 -SILICA SCALING POT ENTIAL AS
Page 44 and 45: - 38 -and no silica scaling will oc
Page 46 and 47: - 41 -CATION GEOTHERKOKETRYRobert O
Page 48 and 49: - 43 -fo~ dilute solutions). Thus,
Page 50 and 51: - 45 -3.002.50~ 2.00Q-;"1.50z~g-' 1
Page 52 and 53:
- 47 -whe~e ~ is 1/3 fo~ wate~s equ
Page 54 and 55:
- 49 -Kg concent~ations in geotherm
Page 56 and 57:
- 51 -Na/l00070IMMATURE WATERSK/l00
Page 58 and 59:
- 53 -CONCLUSIONSIn evaluating cati
Page 60 and 61:
55CONVECTION AS A MECHANISM FOR TRA
Page 62 and 63:
57and mainly wi thin interconnectin
Page 64 and 65:
59During drilling, the mud weight r
Page 66 and 67:
61TABLE 2. Calculation of specific
Page 68 and 69:
63REFERENCESG~iffiths.R.W., 1981. L
Page 70 and 71:
66Temperature __, t 1/
Page 72 and 73:
68crystallizing about 0.1 km 3 of r
Page 74 and 75:
70usually to the side along a ~ift
Page 76 and 77:
72Although the above calculations a
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