LECTURES ON GEOCHEMICAL !N1 ERPRETATION OF ...

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- 10 -c0"0"'0>,'"0>>-.- .D"0"'Q)Q'" U060OAO0.20 , "',."100 150200Temperature,Qc30 0FIGURE 3. The solubility of calcite in water up to 300°C at variouspartial pressures of carbon dioxide. (Redrawn from Ellis, 1959)." Q)rn•10'"000,80 " 6uu '""' Q) 40E" 2 Tempera ture , °cFIGURE 4. The solubility of calcite in water and sodium chloridesolutions at a carbon dioxide pressure of 12 atmospheres (12.2 bars).(Redrawn from Rllls, 1963).
- 11 -The concentrations of the ionic species indicated in equation (25) can becalculated using the following relationships, where Xl is the firstdissociation constant for each of the respective weak acids.m. =HC03!lco2(total)(26)m =tl3Si04!!!si02(total)(27)!!in2B03!:!B (to tal)(28)!!!w3(total)(29)If the pH. ionic strength. and chemical composition (partieularly totaldissolved carbon, silica. boron, and ammonia) of a solution are known at agiven temperature, equations (25- 29) can be used to estimate the indicatedspecies concentrations at any other temperature up to the limit of theavailable thermodynamic data (now about 300- 350°C). Note. however. thatequations (25- 29) do not take account of changing concentrations and partitioningof constituents between the liquid and gas phase during boiling.For adiabatic boiling resulting from decompression, the value of &changes as a function of the fraction of steam (y) that forms&(before boiling) = (1 - Y)&(after boiling) .(30)
Page 1 and 2: ,. ,O~KUSTOFNUNNATIONAL ENER GY AUT
Page 3 and 4: PREFACESince the foundation of the
Page 5 and 6: P~eTHE SOLUBILITY OF SILICA IV HYDR
Page 7: - 1 -CARBONATE TRANSPORT AND DEPOSI
Page 10 and 11: - 4ca~bonic acid (Table 3). Equatio
Page 12 and 13: - 6 -Values of y a~ewater and the r
Page 14 and 15: - 8 -The s implest equation ~ep~ese
Page 18 and 19: - 12 -The effect of partitioning of
Page 20 and 21: - 14 -FIGURE 5. The computed activi
Page 22 and 23: - 16 -REFEREYCESA~o~sson.S .• 191
Page 24 and 25: TABLE 2.Coefficients for use with e
Page 26 and 27: - 20 -TABLE 4. Values of ionie cnar
Page 28 and 29: - 22 -vapor pressure of pure water
Page 30 and 31: - 24 -Figure 2 shows the solubility
Page 32 and 33: - 26 -TABLE 2. Temperatures, enthal
Page 34 and 35: - 28 -800600~ci>E 400NoVi200o 500 1
Page 36 and 37: - 30 -800~ 600"- 0>E 400NoVi200o 50
Page 38 and 39: - 32 -has an enthalpy L , and the r
Page 40 and 41: - 34 -tempe~atu~e in kelvins. Molal
Page 42 and 43: - 36 -SILICA SCALING POT ENTIAL AS
Page 44 and 45: - 38 -and no silica scaling will oc
Page 46 and 47: - 41 -CATION GEOTHERKOKETRYRobert O
Page 48 and 49: - 43 -fo~ dilute solutions). Thus,
Page 50 and 51: - 45 -3.002.50~ 2.00Q-;"1.50z~g-' 1
Page 52 and 53: - 47 -whe~e ~ is 1/3 fo~ wate~s equ
Page 54 and 55: - 49 -Kg concent~ations in geotherm
Page 56 and 57: - 51 -Na/l00070IMMATURE WATERSK/l00
Page 58 and 59: - 53 -CONCLUSIONSIn evaluating cati
Page 60 and 61: 55CONVECTION AS A MECHANISM FOR TRA
Page 62 and 63: 57and mainly wi thin interconnectin
Page 64 and 65: 59During drilling, the mud weight r
Page 66 and 67:
61TABLE 2. Calculation of specific
Page 68 and 69:
63REFERENCESG~iffiths.R.W., 1981. L
Page 70 and 71:
66Temperature __, t 1/
Page 72 and 73:
68crystallizing about 0.1 km 3 of r
Page 74 and 75:
70usually to the side along a ~ift
Page 76 and 77:
72Although the above calculations a
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