LECTURES ON GEOCHEMICAL !N1 ERPRETATION OF ...

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- 8 -The s implest equation ~ep~esentingdissolves in aqueous solutions can be written asthe reaction by which calciteCaC03 = Ca++ + C03 •(15)and the equilibrium eonstant (Kc) for ~action(15) is[Ca 1+)[CaC03)[CO))Equation (16) is useful mainly for testing whether a solution of givencomposition is unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated in respect tocalcite. Values of K in the temperature range 100 0 to 300°C (Table 3) cancbe calculated using equation (h) in Table 1 . Because ve~ little co; i spresent in most natural hydrothc~l solutions, the solubility of calciteis commonly expressed in terms of reactions involving H+. HCO;. and fe02using equations (5), (7), (9), and (16).(16)CaC0 3+ H+++= Ca +HCO;(17)KcK2[Ca 1+) [HCO])•[H+) [CaC03)(18)CaC03 + 2H+::c Ca H + H2O + CO2(19)[Ca++) [H20) fC02[H+)2 [CaC03)(20)(21)(22)In equations (16), (18), (20), and (22), the activity of calcite is unityif there is no significant SUbstitution of other cations for calcium insolid solution, such as Ms, Fe, or Ko.
- 9 -In order to evaluate equations (16- 22), activities of the i ndicatedaqueous species must be used.In dilute solutions, activities of dissolvedconstituents are about equal to the corresponding molalities.In salinesolutions, however. the molality of each species i
Page 1 and 2: ,. ,O~KUSTOFNUNNATIONAL ENER GY AUT
Page 3 and 4: PREFACESince the foundation of the
Page 5 and 6: P~eTHE SOLUBILITY OF SILICA IV HYDR
Page 7: - 1 -CARBONATE TRANSPORT AND DEPOSI
Page 10 and 11: - 4ca~bonic acid (Table 3). Equatio
Page 12 and 13: - 6 -Values of y a~ewater and the r
Page 16 and 17: - 10 -c0"0"'0>,'"0>>-.- .D"0"'Q)Q'"
Page 18 and 19: - 12 -The effect of partitioning of
Page 20 and 21: - 14 -FIGURE 5. The computed activi
Page 22 and 23: - 16 -REFEREYCESA~o~sson.S .• 191
Page 24 and 25: TABLE 2.Coefficients for use with e
Page 26 and 27: - 20 -TABLE 4. Values of ionie cnar
Page 28 and 29: - 22 -vapor pressure of pure water
Page 30 and 31: - 24 -Figure 2 shows the solubility
Page 32 and 33: - 26 -TABLE 2. Temperatures, enthal
Page 34 and 35: - 28 -800600~ci>E 400NoVi200o 500 1
Page 36 and 37: - 30 -800~ 600"- 0>E 400NoVi200o 50
Page 38 and 39: - 32 -has an enthalpy L , and the r
Page 40 and 41: - 34 -tempe~atu~e in kelvins. Molal
Page 42 and 43: - 36 -SILICA SCALING POT ENTIAL AS
Page 44 and 45: - 38 -and no silica scaling will oc
Page 46 and 47: - 41 -CATION GEOTHERKOKETRYRobert O
Page 48 and 49: - 43 -fo~ dilute solutions). Thus,
Page 50 and 51: - 45 -3.002.50~ 2.00Q-;"1.50z~g-' 1
Page 52 and 53: - 47 -whe~e ~ is 1/3 fo~ wate~s equ
Page 54 and 55: - 49 -Kg concent~ations in geotherm
Page 56 and 57: - 51 -Na/l00070IMMATURE WATERSK/l00
Page 58 and 59: - 53 -CONCLUSIONSIn evaluating cati
Page 60 and 61: 55CONVECTION AS A MECHANISM FOR TRA
Page 62 and 63: 57and mainly wi thin interconnectin
Page 64 and 65:
59During drilling, the mud weight r
Page 66 and 67:
61TABLE 2. Calculation of specific
Page 68 and 69:
63REFERENCESG~iffiths.R.W., 1981. L
Page 70 and 71:
66Temperature __, t 1/
Page 72 and 73:
68crystallizing about 0.1 km 3 of r
Page 74 and 75:
70usually to the side along a ~ift
Page 76 and 77:
72Although the above calculations a
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