LECTURES ON GEOCHEMICAL !N1 ERPRETATION OF ...
LECTURES ON GEOCHEMICAL !N1 ERPRETATION OF ... LECTURES ON GEOCHEMICAL !N1 ERPRETATION OF ...
- 6 -Values of y a~ewater and the reLationship,generally calculated using enthalpy data for pure boiling(14)where H is the enthalpy of the initialoand HG are the enthalpies of coexistingliquidliquidptiorwaterto boiling, and "tand steam afterboiling (Table 3). Enthalpies of liquid water and steam are generallyobtained from steam tables or they can be calculated using equations (f)and (t) in Table 1.Equation (13), however, yields values of y that arcslightly in error because the enthalpy of steam containing CO 2is differentthan the enthalpy of pure steam.Other factors also may cause the calculatedconcentration of CO 2in the liquid and steam fractions of a boilingsolution to be in error. Assumptions implicit in the use of equations (12)and (13) are that dissolved CO 2does not become supersaturated in theliquid phase as pressure is released, and that little or no H 2C0 3convertsto HCO; as the boiling solution cools.The rapid transfer of most of thedissolved CO 2into the steam fraction at an early stage of boiling and therelatively slow conversion of dissolved CO 2to H 2C0 3(previously discussed)will tend to limit the amount of HCO; that can fo~.but some nonequilibriumpartitioning of CO 2between the liquid and gas phase is likely,particularly when the first boiling is initiated at a temperature belowabout 200°C .Another factor that must be considered is physical removal ofthe steam fraction from contact with the residual liquid as the boilingprocess proceeds.Compared to single- step steam separation, multistep andcontinuous steam separation result in much lower concentrations of CO 2inthe last liquid and steam fractions that are in contact.Henley et al.(1984) present methods and equations for dealing with multistep and continuoussteam separation.Figure 2 shows values of Cl/CO for single- stepsteam separation for a variety of initial and final temperatures, calculatedusing equations (12) and (14).
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- Page 1 and 2: ,. ,O~KUSTOFNUNNATIONAL ENER GY AUT
- Page 3 and 4: PREFACESince the foundation of the
- Page 5 and 6: P~eTHE SOLUBILITY OF SILICA IV HYDR
- Page 7: - 1 -CARBONATE TRANSPORT AND DEPOSI
- Page 10 and 11: - 4ca~bonic acid (Table 3). Equatio
- Page 14 and 15: - 8 -The s implest equation ~ep~ese
- Page 16 and 17: - 10 -c0"0"'0>,'"0>>-.- .D"0"'Q)Q'"
- Page 18 and 19: - 12 -The effect of partitioning of
- Page 20 and 21: - 14 -FIGURE 5. The computed activi
- Page 22 and 23: - 16 -REFEREYCESA~o~sson.S .• 191
- Page 24 and 25: TABLE 2.Coefficients for use with e
- Page 26 and 27: - 20 -TABLE 4. Values of ionie cnar
- Page 28 and 29: - 22 -vapor pressure of pure water
- Page 30 and 31: - 24 -Figure 2 shows the solubility
- Page 32 and 33: - 26 -TABLE 2. Temperatures, enthal
- Page 34 and 35: - 28 -800600~ci>E 400NoVi200o 500 1
- Page 36 and 37: - 30 -800~ 600"- 0>E 400NoVi200o 50
- Page 38 and 39: - 32 -has an enthalpy L , and the r
- Page 40 and 41: - 34 -tempe~atu~e in kelvins. Molal
- Page 42 and 43: - 36 -SILICA SCALING POT ENTIAL AS
- Page 44 and 45: - 38 -and no silica scaling will oc
- Page 46 and 47: - 41 -CATION GEOTHERKOKETRYRobert O
- Page 48 and 49: - 43 -fo~ dilute solutions). Thus,
- Page 50 and 51: - 45 -3.002.50~ 2.00Q-;"1.50z~g-' 1
- Page 52 and 53: - 47 -whe~e ~ is 1/3 fo~ wate~s equ
- Page 54 and 55: - 49 -Kg concent~ations in geotherm
- Page 56 and 57: - 51 -Na/l00070IMMATURE WATERSK/l00
- Page 58 and 59: - 53 -CONCLUSIONSIn evaluating cati
- Page 60 and 61: 55CONVECTION AS A MECHANISM FOR TRA
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