habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves

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4. Deep (mean depth> 15 m); and5. Low fertility (TDS< 125 but> 50 mg/l).HSI = number of attributes present5Regression ModelsLayher (1983) developed regression equations to predict standing crop ofspotted bass in streams in Kansas and Oklahoma. In Kansas, habitat variablesof turbidity, mean depth, minimum width, mean width, pH, percent riffles, andtemperature accounted for the significant variation in standing crop. Meanwidth, pH, turbidity, temperature, nitrates, mean depth, and minimum widthexplained the variation in standing crop in Oklahoma streams. Layher (1983)reports the methods of analysis and provides guidance on potential use of themodels to predict standing crop. The regression equations utilize SI's derivedfrom SI graphs as the independent variables. Graphs and equations arepresented in Layher (1983). Further information on their use may be obtainedfrom: William G. Layher, Environmental Services Section, Kansas Fish andGame, Pratt, Kansas 67124.Aggus and Morais (1979) developed regression equations to predict standingcrop of spotted bass in reservoirs from easily obtainable preconstructiondata. These authors discuss procedures for converting measured or predictedstanding crop values for spotted bass to HSI's.Discriminant Analysis ModelsLayher (1983) used discriminant analysis to determine the relationshipsbetween habitat variables and presence or absence of spotted bass in streamsin Kansas and Oklahoma. The discriminant analysis models showed high reliabilityfor predicting presence or absence of spotted bass within each data set.When the Kansas model was applied to Oklahoma streams, however, many misclassificationsresulted, suggesting that the models are reliable only overlimited, homogeneous geographical areas. Further information on use of thesediscriminant models can be obtained by contacting William G. Layher at theaddress listed in the Regression Models section.INSTREAM FLOW INCREMENTAL METHODOLOGY (IFIM)The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Instream Flow Incremental Methodology(IFIM), as outlined by Bovee (1982), is a set of ideas used to assess instreamflow problems. The Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM), described byMilhous et al. (1984), is one component of IFIM that can be used by investigatorsinterested in determining the amount of available instream habitat21
for a fish species as a function of streamflow. The output generated byPHABSIM can be used for several IFIM habitat display and interpretationtechniques, including:1. Optimization. Determination of monthly flows that minimize habitatreductions for species and life stages of interest;2. Habitat Time Series. Determination of the impact of a project onhabitat by imposing project operation curves over historical flowrecords and integrating the difference between the curves; and3. Effective Habitat Time Series. Calculation of the habitat requirementsof each life stage of a fish species at a given time by usinghabitat ratios (relative spatial requirements of various lifestages).Suitability Index Graphs as Usedin IFIMPHABSIM utilizes Suitability Index graphs (SI curves) that describe theinstream suitability of the habitat variables most closely related to streamhydraulics and channel structure (velocity, depth, substrate, temperature, andcover) for each major life stage of a given fish species (spawning, eggincubation, fry, juvenile, and adult). The specific curves required for aPHABSIM analysis represent the hydraulic-related parameters for which a speciesor life stage demonstrates a strong preference (i.e., a species that onlyshows preferences for velocity and temperature will have very broad curves fordepth, substrate, and cover).Four categories of SI curves are described below. All species curves forHEP and IFIM are referred to collectively as suitability index (SI) curves orgraphs. The designation of a curve as belonging to a particular category doesnot imply that there are differences in the quality or accuracy of curvesamong the four categories.Category one curves are the most common type presently available for usewith HEP or IFIM. Usually category one curves have as their basis one or more1iterature sources. Some SI curves may be derived from general statementsmade in the literature about fishes (i.e., rainbow trout spawn in gravel; fryprefer shallow water.). Some category one curves may come from literaturesources which include variable amounts of field data (i .e., from a sample sizeof 300, fry were observed in velocities ranging 0.0 to 3.0 ft/sec, and 80%were found in velocities less than 1.0 ft/sec). Other category one curves maybe based entirely on professional opinion, by using the Delphi technique oreducated guesswork (i .e., an expert believes that velocities ranging 1.0 to8.0 ft/sec are necessary for successful spawning of striped bass). Mostcategory one curves are the result of a combination of sources; the finalcurve may include information from the literature, combined with field data,and smoothed or modified using professional judgement. Category one curvesusually are intended to reflect general habitat suitability throughout theentire geographic range of the species and throughout the year, unless they22
Page 2 and 3: MODEL EVALVATION FORMHabitat models
Page 4 and 5: FWS/OBS-82/10.72September 1984HABIT
Page 6: PREFACEThe Habitat Suitability Inde
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSw. G. Layher (Kansas
Page 11 and 12: Age, Growth, and FoodSpotted bass t
Page 13 and 14: Embryo. Because nests in reservoirs
Page 15 and 16: TurbidityV spH V 6Water Quality HSI
Page 17 and 18: Reproduct i on component. Spawni ng
Page 19 and 20: For explanations on why temperature
Page 21 and 22: R,L V 4 Percent cover 1.0(boulders,
Page 23 and 24: R,L V lO Minimum dissolved 1.0oxyge
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.(continued).VariableAssumpt
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. (continued).VariableAssump
Page 29: habitat suitability for spotted bas
Page 33 and 34: Category four curves (conditional p
Page 35 and 36: x0.01.0100.0x0.00.51.0100.0Coordina
Page 37 and 38: Coordinatesx 1-0.0 1.01.0 0.0100.0
Page 39 and 40: 1.0'r- 0.4.0ttl+->Coordinates>< 0.8
Page 41 and 42: 1.0x0.00.20.51.01.52.0100.0Coordina
Page 43 and 44: CoordinatesxY0.0 1.00.2 1.01.0 0.42
Page 45 and 46: Spawning depth. Vogele (l975a) obse
Page 47 and 48: Cross, F. B. 1954. Fishes of Cedar
Page 49 and 50: Mohler, H. S. 1966. Comparative sea
Page 51 and 52: 50272 '101REPORT DOCUMENTATION 1. R
Page 53: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORu.s. FISH

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