An ergonomic assessment of the airline baggage handler

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CHAPTER 2MOST COMMONLY INJURED BODY PARTS AND THEIR ANATOMY2.1 Commonly Injured Body SegmentsThe most commonly injured and/or strained body parts due to manual material handlingactivity are the back, neck, shoulders, and the knees. These body parts are heavily usedin the bending, reaching, pulling, twisting, squatting, and lifting necessary to performmany material-handling tasks. The following sections describe the anatomical detail andinjury mechanisms of these body parts.2.2 The BackThe most commonly injured body part suffered by people in the workforce is injury tothe lower back. Back injury makes up 20% of all injuries that happen in the workplace,which makes up approximately 20 to 50 billion dollars in lost productivity and worker'scompensation (Dell, 1997). Baggage handlers suffer from a high rate of back injury dueto the heavy and repetitive lifting required by their job. The lower part of the back ismore susceptible to back injury. The lower back or lumbar area is most heavily stressedbecause of the structure and the muscular arrangement of the lower back muscles. Figure2.1 illustrates the major muscle groups in the back. When the forces are too large for theback muscles to support, the soft tissue and tendons in the back get injured.9
Figure 2.1 Principle muscle groups of the lower and upper back.The "lower back" is most commonly described as the area from the thorax to thepelvis on the dorsal (back) aspect of the body. The important anatomic structures includelumbar vertebrae, facet joints, lower back muscles and ligaments, vertebral discs, spinalchord and nerves (Figure 2.2).
Page 5: AN ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENTOF THE AIRLI
Page 8 and 9: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHAuthor: Stephen
Page 10 and 11: ACKNOWLEDGMENTI would like to expre
Page 12 and 13: TABLE OF CONTENTS(Continued)Chapter
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Baggage Ha
Page 16 and 17: 31.2.2 Author's PreparationMany tim
Page 18 and 19: 5way in and out of the work area. T
Page 20: 71.3.4.4 Evidence of No Effect of W
Page 25 and 26: 12vertebrae are aligned, their cent
Page 27 and 28: 14which obesity, poor conditioning,
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.4 Musculature of the Later
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.5 Anatomy of the Shoulder
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 3LITERATURE REVIEWS3.1 Summ
Page 35 and 36: 22loading and unloading of narrow-b
Page 37 and 38: 24When the safety professionals wer
Page 39 and 40: 26exceeded 70lbs (32kg). However, 1
Page 41: 28slowing changing along the landsc
Page 44 and 45: 31aircraft on the tarmac, the bagga
Page 46 and 47: 33baggage handlers with 111 (71%) p
Page 48 and 49: 35In response to the training quest
Page 50 and 51: 37question about loading the wide b
Page 52 and 53: 39combinations were calculated. Eac
Page 54 and 55: 41participants from the Royal Dutch
Page 56 and 57: 43The heights, angles, and velociti
Page 58 and 59: 45placed on various joints on the b
Page 60 and 61: 47The purpose of introducing the pi
Page 62 and 63: 493.6 Back Belt LiteratureThe notio
Page 64 and 65: 51It was out of this necessity for
Page 66 and 67: 53The fleet service clerks, or bagg
Page 68 and 69: 55increase in TAP can increase the
Page 70 and 71: 57A concern for this study is the m
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59A body chart diagram to assess wo
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615.2 The Future of Baggage Handlin
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635.2.1 Workstation RedesignThe wor
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65injury because the top and lower
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67baggage handlers as well as aviat
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APPENDIXMODEL FOR FUTURE BAGGAGE HA
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INSTRUCTION: PLEASE CIRCLE WHICH BO
Page 87 and 88:
74[12] Harman, E A, Rosenstein, RM,
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An ergonomic assessment of the airline baggage handler

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