1924 The Great Pyramid -- Its Time Features - A2Z.org

CONTENTSI 'ageI~~trotluctory - - - - - - - - - - 13'l'lln (;rc;lt: I.'yl.i~lliicl ('o111111;1,1i(ls A(t~~l(.ion - - 14'~l~c~~~~~~~~L~l'yr;i,~~ii~lis:~,l'~c~~~li~~t- - - - - I 6'l'l~e ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ C ~ 'I);I,(.

SectionVTII TheLawCovenant - - - - - - - -Tllc " Extended " I.enqth of the First Axending13assagc is Proportionate to the nfllole PyramidThe Length of the Granite Plug - - - - -The l'osition of the Granite Plug - -. - -The Significance of the Sii~lbers 7, and qoo - -Tllc Gospel Age : Cail and Trial of Christ's " Body " -The Two Ways of Gaining the Grand Gallery -The Beginning of the Gospel Age - - - -. -The " Feet " Members of the Body of Christ, riclcltheirTs?orlr - - - - - - - -The Significance of the Horizontal Passage - - - -Wow the Length of the Horizontal Passage Indicatestlie Period of 7000 Years of the XVorld's HistoryThe Length of the Horizontal Passage is GeometricallyExact - - - - - - - -The Horizontal Passage and the 7040 Years Period -The Descendiilg Passagr : Its Significance and itsMeasurements - - - - - - -Lower Terminals of the Ilescending Passage - -The " Point of lnterscction " . . . . .Thc Symbolica.1 Significance and I.cngt11 of thcDescendingI'assagc - - - - - -The Date 1914 A.D. 1s hlol~umentalised in the GreatPyramid - - - - - - - - -The First -4ppcarance of the Icing - - - -Thc " Seven Times " that Passcd ovcrNebuchadnezzar - - - - - - -- -~g~~~.n.wastheEndofthe"SevenTimes"The First Appearance of Israel's Icing was NecessaryThe Great Pyramid's Precise Indication or the Datesof our Lord's First Advent - - - - -The Duration of the Gospel Age - - - - -The " Seven Times " Measurenlent in the Great Pyramidl'ime-Parallels in the Jewish and Gospel Ages - - -The " Rabylonish Captivity of the Papacy " - -Rome Identified with " Babylon the Great " - -The Beginniilg of the Decliiie of " Babylon theGreat " . - - - - - - - -Marsiglio, the " Morning Star of the Reformation ' ' -Wyc1,iffe and the " Great Papal Schism " - - -The Reformation IYorlr of Huss was Secular as wellasspiritual - - - - - - - -The Invention of Printing, and the Reviv;~l ofLearning - - - - - - - - -'The Condition of the Religious \Vorld nt the Firstalkd Seconcl Aavents of Jesus Chrisl:c , .- - -SectionX STXX'IXIXXXXXIXXIIXXIIIX XTVTheSecondAdvent - - - - - - - -The Jewish " Double " : The Resurrection of the " Body "of Christ - . - . . - - . -The Ante-Chamber and the 1q4,ooo Overcomers -The Grand Gallrry and the 144,ooo - - - -, -A 1915-Year Indication - - - -Another Indication of the 144,000 - - - -l7urther Indications oi the 1914 A.D. Date - - - -Another Indication of the 1914 A.D. Date - -The 14q.,ooo, and the 2915-Year Pe,riod - - -The Rectangle, and its Close Indicatiol~ of theDuration of the Solar Tropical Year - - -The Flood, and Christ's Baptism - - - - - -First Adam's 1000-year " Day ". . - - -TheFirstAdam - - - - - - - - -The Complete Period of Salvation - - - - -Second Adam's 1000-year " Day " - - - - -The Connection between the Great Pyramid and Bethlehemand the 2138, and 1915, Periods of Years - -The 2138-Year Indication - - - - - -The1915-YearIndication - - - - - -The Harmony of the z138 Period of Yea.15 with the PlanoftheAges - - - - - - - -The Measure of 2 r 38 Proportionately Related to theLower Reach of the Descending Passage - -The 2138 Period Indicated by the Two Levels of theIcing's and Queen's Chambers - - - - I Go-The Geo~netrical Relationship between the twoAdjoining Periods of 0138 and 1915 Years - -TheTwo Periods of 2138 and 1915 Years are GeometricallyRelated to the PrecessionaI Cycle Period -The Symmetrical Connection between the Solar Year,the Precessional Cycle, and the 1.91g-year,Periods - - - - - - - -The Solar Year, the Precession, and 1915, Connectedby the Pyramid's D~menslons - - - The Pre-Historic " Zero " Year Illdlcatlo~l - - -The Method by which the " Zero " I'ear is Indicated -The Interval betwecn the " Zero " Year and theExodus of the Israelites from Egypt - - -Dimensional Proportions Connected with the " Zero "Point. A Precessional Cycle Indication - -The " Zero" Point Level Indicates the Size of thePyramid - - - - - - - - -T)le " Shortening " of the Time - . - - -

Great Pyramid PassagesBy JOHN EDGARbI.A., B.Sc., M.B., C.M., F.R.F.P.S.G.and MORTON EDGARFor full information on the subject of the Great Pyramidprocure the volumes of " Great Pyramid Passages." Thesevolumes were specially alluded to and rccommcnded to allsearchers after truth by the late Pastor Charles T. Russell ofBrooklyn and London Tabernacles. They are noticed in the" Watch Tower " for 1910 and 1913. Vo1. I1 is quoted in Vol.VII of " Studies in the Scriptures " as an authoritative work.Vol. I, now reprinted and in stock, describes the exterior and interiorof the building very minutely, and contains numerous photographs, drawingsand diagrams. The symbolism of the Great Pyramid is dealt with in thisvolume.Vol. 11, now reprinted and in stock, fully demonstrates how theGreat Pyramid corroborates the Bible Chronology and time-features, bymeans of the Pyramid-inch measuremeiits. This 2nd volume also explainsall the Scriptural time-features. A portion of this 2nd volume appeared inthe " Watch Tower" for Nov. 15th. 1904, and for June 15th, 1905. and inother recent issi~es.Vol. 111, now in course of preparation, will appear in print later.This 3rd volume will deal largely with the scientific features of the GreatPyramid. These scientific features establish the correctness of the varioilsmeasurements of the building, and hence corroborate the time-featureswhich are based upon the measurements. (Announcement will be made whenthe 3rd volume is in print.)Price :Cloth-bound, 8/6, or $2.00, per copy.10 copies at the rate of 7/6, or $1.75, per copy.25 copies and over at the rate of 6/6, or $1.50, per copy.De Luxe Edition, 14/6, or $3.50, ber coby.10 cobies and over at the rate of 12/6, or $3.00, Jer coJy.Note-Orders for quantities may be assortedNOTE'-When rt'mltting orders, please do not send stamps or coins. Paper nloneymay be sent: but International Money Orders, or Bank Drafts or Chequesare safest. American Cheques or Drafts should be through a Bank with aNew York connection and made out in Dollars and Cents-not In Engllsbmoney. These ~rafis or Cheques are cheaper to the sender than thePostal Moncy Ordcrs.Letters from U.S.A. require a two cent stamp. Letters from Canadarequire a four cent stamp. (T'ostcards two cents.)Address Orders to MORTON EDGAR, 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland

GREATl'6STIME FEA'I'UKFlS1914 A.D. AND TIE GREAT PYRAMIDSECTION IThe north-wesf angle of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, showing the roadway'HAT if all the great doctrines of Revelation, allthc prominent characteristics of the ages, and a11the mightiest facts in human and sacred historyshould be found monumentalised in the masonry of theGreat Pyramid ? What if we should hear from out its darkand long misunderstood passages and chambers just where weare in the stream of time, what scenes are next to be expectedin the affairs of earth, and what unexa~llpled changes presentlyawait us ? What if it should turn out to be a clear and manifestprophecy of man's fall and degradation, and of his subseque~ltredemption and restoration to the everlasting favour of God,indelibly written in measures and angles ? What, indeed, ~fthis wonderful edifice, reared more than forty centuries ago,should at last prove itself an earlier and independent Revelationlrom the Lord of heaven and earth, a duplicate of His volumcof inspiration, the Bible ?" Nor is it an extravagant anticipation to expect even thus~nuch from this marvellous pillar of stone," writes that far-seeingauthor, the Rev. Joseph A. Seiss, in his valuable little work onthe Pyramid, A Miracle ifz Stolze, published about fifty ycnrsago. " Once admit," lie cont~niizs, " as I believe it will yethave to be admitted, that superhuman intelligence is in it,and there is then every reason to count on finding the whole13

story." " I sllall bc inuch mistaken if it does not turn out,without forcing of facts or dealing in fancies, that in these rocltsarld their emplaceinents arc treasured up from hoar antiquitythe whole Plan of God in grace and miracle, as well as in the~uliverse of nature."The Rev. Joseph Seiss cor~cludes with these poetical words :" With all of man's workmanship that went before it in utter ruin,it stands only the more readable from the damages of time,tllc grand indestructible monument of the tiue priirleval marl.Upon its pedestal of rock, battered by tlie buffetings of fortycenturies, it stands, upspringing like a tonguc of fire kindled olGod to light the course of timc down to its final goal andco~isummation."The. G~eat pyramid Commands Attention" Old Time, himself so old, is like a child,And can't remember when these blocks were piledOr cavelns scooped ; but, with amazed eye,ITc sccins to pause, llke other standers-by,Half thinking how the wonders here lllade kllownWcrc born in ages older than his own."Mco ol thoughtlul ancl reverential minds, when once tllcir:I( tc~~lion 11as I)ccn drawn to thc scientific and religious claiilisol t11(. Great l'yrainid, always have been impressed with therc~asoilablcness of these claims ; and some have felt impelledto pursue iilvestigations still further into this fruitful subject,and kilowledge of it has thus steadily increased. It is no longertrac, as the poet would have us believe, that " Old Time" isuiiable to tell us when this ancient building was erected ; fortllc Pyramid itself declares the date, and this in so many ways,astronomical and by measures, that we are not left in doubt.illld tlie truths it teaches by its spiritual symbolism, and scientificand prophetic features are convincingly clear, demonstratingbeyond question to all who pay heed that this primeval monumentis none other than the " Sign " and " Witness " to the Lordof Iloztc, built four inillenniums ago, that it might speak to theworld in this day, proclaiming the great Jehovah's foreknowledgeand wisdom, no less than his omnipotent power, justice, andlove.14Sl'cakii~g of tllc Grcat T'yramicl uf Gizch, tl~c 1eai.nt.d Rev.Joseph 'T. Goodsir wrote : " The numhcr ailcl iinportallcc of ttlclessons which its ,cliscloscd mystery tcachcs is indecd verystriking. Thus it testifies to the state of the stellar heavensat the time of its building, and teaches at the same time itsown age. It helps also to determine the date of the flood, andto give consistency to the chronology and history of diluvianand post-diluvian times. It testifies to the iinportance of theexact and of the physical sciences, terrestrial and cosmical, notinercly fl-on1 the utilitarian, but from the religious point ofview. . . . It thus seals, as with a Diviile impress left onadainantine materials, the truth that sound sciencc is not urilya handmaid but a defender of sound religion.""Such are tlie things taught us at tliis day by the Grcatl'yramid, as there are noble inen of science sufficieiltly animatedwith Christian truthfulness and courage manfully to proclaim.We thus see a united science, righteousness, and religiontestifying from the Great Pyrainid with a reawakened mien,just as they were intended to do more than four thousand yearsago. The oldest and iioblest building is thus seen to be at oncin testimony and in spirit with the oldest and noblest book.God is making that great name for Himself, I believe, by tllc(kcat Pyranlicl at this day."John Taylor, one of tile most thoughtful of men, and whohad the honour t.o begin investigations as to the sacred originof tlie Pyramid, says in his well-known work : " When so manyevidences of the scientific ltnowledge of the founders of theGreat Pyramid present themselves, these facts cannot bedisregarded. The difficulty inay be great in supposing apcuplc to have been in existence at that early period, who werecapable of exccnting a work of so vast a magnitude on purelyscientific principles, but is it not also probable, that to someiiidividuals God may have given the knowledge, even at thatcarly age of the world, for which we are now contending ? "" Moses, we are told, was adnionished of God when he wasabout to make the Tabernacle, which was to serve as the exampleand shadow of lleaveilly thivgs, ' For see, saitll he, that thoumakc all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in theMount.' There is an originality in the character of these early15

t-velations, which shows thetrl to lrave A higher soiurce than LII,LLof n~arr's plesent intelligence, gieat as it nlay seem."Anothcr giftcd writer, also, cluoted by Profes501 C. I'I,IL/,I5inyt11, says : " In our opinion thc idea of a 1)ivinc iolcl.-position in the planning and construction of thc Grcat Pyrrtmitl,n lleil closely contemplated as springing froin all t lic fd cts a lidiclations of the caw, is perfcctly rational and crcdtblc in tllccsli~llation of a rightly-instructed mind."The Great Pyramid is a Pro$lzct, .lh(: foregoing qliotations from the writing5 ol stuclc~lts oitlic Pyramid, which will serve as examples of similar exprcssio~lsby many authors, show that this building is recognised to benot only a scientific monument, but a $ro$hetic one also. Thisremarkable claim is well sustained by the numerous timcmeasurementswhich are found to be embodied in the scientificdimensions of the Pyramid. When the method by which thel~uilding was made to show forth time periods is understood,and when we remember that this monument was constructedeven before Abraham was born, and long before the Rooks ofthe Old Testament were written, we call agree that the title" Prophet " is a fitting one to apply to it.In the beginning, when Adam fell into sin through hisdisobedience, the Lord declared that the seed of the womanwould bruise the serpent's head, and that the serpent wouldbruise the heel oi the seed. This declaration, while it foretoldtrouble for the seed, gave rise to hope, for it promised that inthe due time the seed would gain the victory over Satan.But it was not until the time of Abraham, 2081 ycars later,that God began in a definite way to work out his plan for thcreclamation of the human family from death, for it was to,\braham that the Lord made his promise : " I will make olthee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy narncgreat ; and thou shalt be a blessing : And I will bless themthat bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee : and in theeshall all families of the earth be blessed " (Genesis 12 : 2, 3).,4nd later, when Abraham had demonstrated his willingnessto sacrifice even his only begotten son Isaac because God hadI Gread: " By myself have I sworn, saith the Lord, for becausethou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thineonly son : That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplyingI will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as thesand which is upon the sea shore ; and thy seed shall possessthc gate of his enemies ; and in thy seed shall the nations ofthe casth be blessed ; because thou hast obeyed my voice "(Genesis 22 : 16-18).For another long period of 2081 years (according to theaccurate chronology of the Scriptures),.this promise remainedthe exclusive privilege of the natural seed of Abraham. At theend of it, in the year 36 A.D., when the prophetic " 70 weelrs "of Daniel were fulfilled, this exclusive favour to the naturalseed ceased, and the Gentiles were given the opportunity tobecome members in the great spiritual Seed of Abraham ; asit is written : " Now therefore ye are no more strangers andforeigners, but fellow-citizens with the saints, and of the householdof God ; and are built upon the foundation of the apostlesand prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone."" There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond norfree, there is neither male nor female : for ye are all one inChrist Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then ye are Abraham'sseed, and heirs according to the promise " (Ephesians 2 : 19, 20 ;Galatians 3 : 27-29).From the time that the remnant of the natural seed ofAbraham received Christ, and were given the privilege ofB~ I7

ecoming the " sons of God " (John I : 11-13 ; Romans11 : 4-7), and from the time that Cornelius the first Gentileconvert received the " spirit of adoption " into the spiritualfamily of God (Acts 10 : 24-45 ; Romans 8 : 14-17), the" members in particular " of the Body of Christ, all of whonltogether constitute the promised Seed of Abraham, have becnselected from amongst all nations (I Corinthians 12 : 12-14, 27 ;Galatians 3 : 16). For this purpose, that membership in theBody of Christ might be completed, the whole Gospel Age wasset apart by the Lord (2 Corinthians 6 : I, 2).We read that " known unto God are all his works from thebeginning of the world," and that therefore every detail of Lhetimes and seasons which, the Scriptures say, " the Father hathput in his own power," was forearranged by Him, the mighty" King of the Ages " (Acts I : 7 ; 15 : 14-18). When we reflectthat all these many features of Jehovah's " Plan of the Ages,"each having its due time for fulfilment, were monulnentalisedin the Great Pyramid of Gizeh before the birth of Abraham, itis impossible for us to doubt the prophetic nature of the building.While many of these things are now in the past, yet in thelight of the past we may read the future. Thc Apostle, addressingthe members of the Body of Christ, said : " Now we, brethren,as Isaac was, are the children of promise " ; and on the strengthof the sure Word of Prophecy, and the testimony of thecorroborating Great Pyramid, we can listen with a new understandingto his utterance : " And the God of peace shall bruiseSatan under your feet shortly " (Galatians 4 : 28 ; 2 PeterI : 19 ; Romans 16 : 20 ; Isaiah 19 : 19, 20).SECTION I1THE CIIRONOLOGICAL DATES OF THE SCIIIPTUHESBEFORE we can appreciate clearly the time features ofthe Great Pyramid, it is essential that we shouldestablish the fact that, in the Scriptures we cantrace from the time of Adam a connected chain ofchronological dates. This is what we should rightly expect,for if God " hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophetssince the world began," as the Apostle tells us in Acts 3 : 21,and thus declares Himself as the Author of the Holy Word,and if, as Jesus said, " the Father hath put in his own power "the " times and seasons," then the " Word of Truth" will beconsistent in every particular.We need only let the Bible instruct us in this importantfeature, accepting what we find in it without qualification ;'and when we do so we shall have a chronology of the worldfrom the very beginning of man's advent into it, which haswithstood the test of every adverse criticism. In the nextSection we shall examine some of the supposed difficulties andshow that they are not insuperable, but that all reasonableobjections are explained by the Scriptures themselves.Opposite each date we append the text, and suggest thatthe reader consult the Hible, and thus prove for himself thatthese things are so.BIBLE DATESGod created Adam - - B.C. 4128 Gen. 2 : 7 ; 5 :I.had a son at 130 ,, 5:3.Seth born - - - - B.C. ,7998had a son at 10.5 ,, 5:G.Enos born - - - - B.C. 3893had a son at 90 , 5 : 9.-I9

-Cainan born - - - -had a son atMahalaleel born + -had a son atJaredborn - - - -had a son atEnoch born - - - -had a son ath~lethuselah born - - -had a son atLalncch born - - - -had a son atNoah born - - - -Age of Noah at FloodDate of FLOOD - - -Shem had a son after FloodArpliaxad born - - -had a son atSalallborn - - - -had a son atEberborn - - - -had a son atPelegborn - - - -had a son atReu born - - - - -had a son atScrug born - - - -had a son atNahorborn - - - -had a son at'I'erah born - - - -Terah died atABRAIJAMIC COVENANTAbraham in CanaanWhen Isaac was born - -Isaac had a son atJacob bqrn - - - -Age of JacobWhen Jacob entered EgyptJacob was in EgyptB.C. 344I187B.C. 325418 2B.C. 3072600B.C. 24722B.C. 247035B.C. 243530-B.C. 240534-B.C. 237130B.C. 234132B.C. 230930B.C. 2250205B.C. 202060--B.C. 1960130-B.C. 183017Gen.Jacob died, beginning of the B.C. 1813 Gen. 46 : 3 ; qg : 28.NATION op ISRAEL Deut. 26 : 5.Date of Abrahamic Covenant 3.c. 2045Children of Isracl sojourned 430 Exod. 12 : 40-43 ;-- [Gal. 3 : 17.EXODUS from Egypt - - R.C. 1615 ., 12 : 40-43.Wandering in the Wilderness 40 Deut. 8 : 2.-Enter land of CANAAN - B.C. 1575 : 18, 19; Num.Division of the land-Beginning of JUDGES - - B.C. 1569Period of Judges 450 Acts I3 : 20.Saul enthroned - - -Years of reignDavid enthroned - - -Years of reignSolomon enthroned . -Years of reignRehoboam enthroned - -Years of reignAbijah enthroned - - -Years of reignAss enthroned - - -Years of reignJehoshaphat enthroned -Years of reignJehoram enthroned - -Years of reignAhaziah enthroned - -Years of reignAthaliah enthroned - -Years of reignJoash enthroned - - -Years of reignAmaziah enthroned - -Years of reignUzziah enthroned - - -Years of reignJotham enthroned - - -Years of reignAhaz enthroned - - -Years of reignB.C. 1x1940AB.C. 107940-B.C. 103940B.C. 93825B.C. 905I-B.C. 89840-B.C. 858"9-B.C. 82952,, 13 : 21.I Chron. 29 : 27.2 Chron. g : 30.,, I2 : 13.,, I3 : 2.,, 16: 13.,, 20 : 31.,, 21 : 20., 22 : 2.

Hezekiah enthroned - - B.C. 745Years of reign 29 2 Chron. 29 : I..-Manassch enthroned - - B.C. 716Years of reign 5.5Alnon enthroned - - - B.C. 661Years of reign 2 SECTION 111Josiah enthroned - - - B.C. 659Years of reign 3IJehoialriin enthroned - - B.C. 628Years of reign II--Zedekiah enthroned - - B.C. 617Years of reign 11Zedekiah dethroned-beginning --of TIMES of the GENTILES B.C. 606DESOLATION OF LAND 70EDICT OF CYRUS - - B.C. 536Birth of the Man Christ Jesus B.C. 2Baptism of Jesus Christ - A.D. 29Death and Resurrection ofChrist - - - - A.D. 33End of 6000 years from thecreation of Adam - - A.D. 137106000 years from the fall ofAdam - - - - A.D. 1874End of the Seven Times ofthe Gentiles - - - A.D. 19~4,, 36:zo,z1.Jer. 25 : 11.12 (marg.).Jer. 29 : 10 :2 Chron. 36 : 22, 23.(See Section VII).r iFROM the foregoing list of Bible Dates (Sec. 11), wefind that the chronological chain is composed ofnine main periods or links of varying lengths. Eachlink will stand close investigation, when examined in thelight of the Scriptures themselves. It is important that theyshould be thoroughly tested, for the correct interpretation ofthe time-prophecies entirely depends upon the true chronology.We believe that the Great Pyramid is an added witness,Divinely arranged, to confirm the faith of the Lord's peoplein the chronology of the Bible as here presented, that they maysurely know where they are in the stream of time, and thus beenabled to co-operate with Him in the outworking of His grandPlan of the Ages.The Period of 1656 YearsFrom the creation of Adam to the flood the chronologicalperiod of 1656 years is based upon thc records of the originalHebrezo Scriptures. As has been pointed out by many eminentchronologists, the addition in the Greek Septuagint version ofthe Old Testament of exactly xoo years to the ages of most ofthe patriarchs, is quite evidently a forgery. We collld notimagine a reason why the Hebrews in Palestine should desireto shorten thcir ancient chronological records ; but it is easy tosee why the Greek Jews in Egypt were induced to lengthen themwhen translating the oiiginal Hebrew into Greek. They desiredto make their history appear as ancient as possible in theirGreek translation, in order to compare favourably with theirEgyptian neighbours ; for the Egyptian historians claimedimmensely long eras for their past records.23

BIBLE 'CHRONOLOCY -JEWISH DOUBLEPARALLELS(7JFDUR EMPIRESI nLLTHE DIVINE PLAN OF THE ACES

It is well to note that Egyptologistsadmit that Egyptian historicchronology is a clifkcult subject,owing chiefly to an insufficiency offacts in connection with the reignsof the kings of the 7th to nth,and 13th to 17th dynasties. Theoriginal list of kings compiled bythe Egyptian priest and historian,Manetho, in the first half of the3rd century B.c., is lost; and thecopies of it which are preserved inthe writings of Julius Africanus andEusebius (both of' the 3rd centuryA.D.) are conflicting. Nor do anyof the later excavated tablets andpapyri records contain a completechronological list of kings. Formany of the kings of Egypt neitherthe order of succession, nor lengthof reign is known, and thereforeit is impossible for an accuratechronological history of Egypt tobe compiled.Many systems of chronology, ofcourse, have been put forward ; butthe difficulty of arriving at anyreliable conclusion is apparent fromthe diversity of opinion. Theuncertainty which attends Egyptianchronology, equally applies to thatof Assyria and all other ancientcountries. We therefore have greatconfidence in the Hebrew chronology,which gives us a connectedhistory from the time of Adamdown to the year 536 B.C. wheresecular history begins to be reliable.26The +e~Yiod 'of 427 years from the Flood to thedate of God's Covenant with AbrahamLike the pcriod nlrcady considered, the next link in thcchronological chain, the 427 years, is based upon the ancientI-Iebrew Scriptures. It has been supposed that this periodshould be reduced 60 years because of the statement in Gen.11 : 26, that " Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram,Nahor, and Haran." This would give a period of 145 yearsbetween the birth of Terah, and the covenant with Abraham ;for Abraham was 75 years of age, according to Gen. 12 : 4-7,when he entered Canaan and so secured the promise, and70 + 75=145.But those who contend for the shorter period overlook theclear statement of Stephen (Acts 7 : 2-5), that it was afterTerah, Abraham's father, was dead, that Abraham enterkdCanaan. According to Gen. 11 : 32, Terah died at 205 yearsof age. We must not, therefore, understand that the three sonsof Terah were all born in the same year, but that the begettalof these sons began when he was 70. Abraham although theyoungest was the most important of the three, and is thereforementioned first.The period of 430 years from the AbmhamicCovenant to the Exodus from Egy$t and the giving of ths LawTlle third definite period is expressly stated by the Apostlein Gal. 3 : 17 as 430 years. From this inspired statement weknow that the 430 years' sojourn of the children of Israel,mentioned by Moses in Exodus 12 : 40, 41, includes thesojourning of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the land of Canaan,which, although promised to them for an inheritance, was stillc ta strange land "--Acts 7 : 4, 5.As the Bible dates show a period of 215 years between theAbrahamic Covenant and Jacob's entrance into Egypt, it isevident that the children of Israel's actual residence in Egyptwas 215 years (215 + 215=430). Most authorities thinli that aperiod of 215 years is too short for the great multiplication ofthe Israelites during their residence in Egypt, forgetting that27

the Scriptures indicate that this increase was miraculous (SeeExod. I : 1-22 ; Psa. I05 : 23, 24, 37, 38). Rejecting theinspired testimony of the Apostle Paul in Gal. 3 : 17, the translatorsof the Revised Version changed the sense of Exod. 12 : 40,in order to increase the number of years in Egypt. They madethe passage to read : " The sojourning of the children of Israel,which they sojourned in Egypt, was 430 years."In thus altering the text the R.V. translators fell into a peculiarerror as is demonstrated by the accompanying diagram, whichshows the genealogy of Moses. Moses was 80 years old at theExodus (Exod. 7 : 7). His mother, Jochebed, was the daughterof Levi (Num. 26 : 59). Levi lived for 137 years (Exod. 6 : 16),but he cannot have spent more than the last 97 of them inEgypt for he was older than Joseph (Gen. 37 : 3), and Josephwas 39 when Jacob and his sons entered Egypt (Gen. 41 : 46-54,compare with Gen. 45 : 3-11). It follows from these factsthat if the period of the Israelites' residence in Egypt was 430years, Jochebed must have been 253 years old when Moseswas born ! Again, Moses' father, Amram, was the son ofKohath, and Icohath was one of those who entercd Egypt withJacob. Kohath lived 133 years, and Amram lived 137 years(Gen. 46 : 8, 11- ; Exod. 6 : 18, 20). If, now, we were to allowthat Kohath was a new born babe when he entered Egypt,28and that Amram was born the year his father died, there wouldstill remain a gap of 80 years between the death of Amraniand the birth of Moses !The statement made by Jehovah to Abraham (Gen. 15 : 13,IS), quoted by Stephen (Acts 7 : 6, 7) that Abraham's seedwould be afflicted 400 years, is often taken to mean that theaffliction in Egypt was to be 400 years. The Apostle Paul,however, points out that this foretold affliction began whenIshmael " mocked " or " ill-treated " Isaac at the time of thefeast when Isaac was weaned (Gal. 4 : 28-30 ; Gen. 21 : 5-12).As the Bible dates show that Isaac was born 405 years beforethe Exodus, he must have been five years of age when he wasweaned.That Isaac was not " weaned from the milk " till he hadreached the age of five years seems unaccountable to people ofWestern countries, but in Palestine this is the common practiceeven at the present day. The women of Palestine believe thatthe longer the child is suckled the stronger he will grow, andthe weaning never takes place under two years, but frequentlyin the case of a favourite man-child such as Isaac was, he isliept at the breasts for four or five years, and even longer.The " babes and suckling " of the Bible are old enough to sing,and are ready to be taught knowledge (Matt. 21 : 15, 16;Isa. 28 : g ; I Sam. I : 21-23).Jehovah's further intimation to Abraham that his seedwould come out of bondage in the fourth generation, and thatthe nation who had held thcm in' bondage would be judged(Gen. 15 : 14-16 ; Acts 7 : 7), was fulfilled when Moses deliveredthe Israelites after inflicting the ten plagues upon the Egyptians.The four generations began with Jacob when he enteredEgypt, Levi and Jochebed being the second and third, andMoses the fourth generation.The Samaritan and Septuagint versions of the Old Testamentrender Exod. 12 : 40 emphatically in support of the inspiredApostle's statement in Gal. 3 : 17,-" the dwelling of the sonsof Israel, and of their fathers, which they dwelt in the land ofCanaan, and in the land of Egypt, was four hundred and thirtyyears."

The period of 46 years from the Exodus to thedivision of the land among the twelve tribes of Is~aelThe fourth interval is made up from two periods of 40 and6 years. The 40 years from the Exodus until the nation crossedthe river ~ordan- to talre possession of the promised land, iscxact to a day (Exod. 12 : 42-51 ; Deut. zg : 5 ; Josh. 4 : 19 ;5 : 10; Num. 14: 34).The period following the forty - years-in the wilderness,during which the Israelites conquered seven nations and thendivided the land of Canaan among the tribes (Acts 13 : 17-19),is proved to be 6 years by the following texts :(I) Nurr~. 33 : 3.26 7 And they went and came3 And thev departed from to Moses, and to Aaron, and to allRameses in the first month, on the the congregation of the childrenfifteenth day of the first month : of Israel, unto the wilderness ofon the morrow after the passover Paran, to Kadesh ; and broughtthe children of Israel went out back word unto them, and untowith an high *hand in the sight of all the congregation, and showedall the Egyptians.them the fruit of the land.(2) Num. 5) : I .AND the LORD spake unto Mosesin the wilderness of Sinai, in thefirst month of the second yearafter they were come out of theland of Egypt, saying,(3) Num. 10 : 11, 12.11 7 And it came to pass onthe twentieth day of the secondmonth, in the second year, thatthe cloud was taken up from off thetabernacle of the testimony.12 And the children of Israeltook their journeys out of thewilderness of Sinai ; and the cloudrested in the wilderness of Paran.(4) Num. 13 : 1-3.AND the LORD spake unto Moses,saying.z Send thou men, that they maysearch the land of Canaan, whichI give unto the children of Israel :of everv tribe of their fathers shallYe send a man, everv one a ruler(6) Nujn. 32 : 8.8 Thus did your fathers, whcnI sent them from Kadesh-barncato see the land.(7) Jos~.I4 : 5-7.5 As the LORD con~n~andedMoses, so the children of Israel did,and they divided the land.6 8 Then the children of Judahcame unto Joshua in Gilgal : andCaleb the son of Jephunneh theKenezite said unto him, Thouknowest the thing that the LORDsaid unto Moses the man of Godconcerning me and thee in IZadeshbarnea.7 Forty years old was I whenMoses the servant ol the LORDsent me from Kadesh-barnca toespy out the land : and 1 brought .him word again as it was in mineheart.among thein. (8) Joslz. 14 : 10.3 Alld Moses by the command- 10 And now, behold, the T,ORDmalt of the LORD sent then1 fro111 bath kept llle alive, as he said,the wilderness of Paran : all those these forty an

period of Bible Chronology upon the synchronisms found inthe Book of Kings, have caused much unnecessary confusion ;for it is well known that these synchronisms cannot be reconciledwith the reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel, nor evenwith themselves.A synchronism is a statement to the effect that " A," kingof Judah, began to reign in a certain year of the reign of " B,"king of Israel ; or vice versa-See 2 Kings 15 : 32 for anexample.As an example of the disagreement in synchronistic statements,we read in 2 Kings 15 : 30 that Hoshea slew Pekah inthe 20th year of Jotham, and reigned in his stead. This statementis quite manifestly an interpolation, because Jotham didnot reign more than 16 years (2 Chron. 27 : I) ; nor did Hosheareign instead of Pekah even in thc 20th year after the accessionof Jotharn (which would be the 4th year of Ahaz) as is suggestedby Ussher according to the marginal note in many Bibles, forin 2 Kings 17: I it states that Hoshea began to reign in the12th year of Ahaz.The synchronism of 27 years mentioned in 2 Kings 15 : Icannot possibly be true ; and many other syr chronisms areerroneous.In 2 Kings 8 : 16, the words : " Jehoshaph ~t being thenking of Judah " are omitted in a number of Hebrew manuscriptsand in many versions (See note in the Variorum Bible?.If the synchronistic statements in 2 Kings 8 : 16 and 3 : Iwere true (thus making Jehoram of Judah reign only 4 yearsalone, and therefore shortening the chronological chain by 4years), then other synchronisms as I Kings 16 : 29 ; and 22 : 41,etc., are not true. This shows that many of the synchronismsin the Book of Kings are conflicting, and strengthen the belicfthat they are interpolated. Contrast diagrams Nos. I and 2on page 32.It is now generally agreed that these synchronisms wereadded to the Book of Kings by a later hand, and are not to beconsidered as original independent chronological data. Thefact that the writer of Chronicles (which is held to be the lastwritten of the books of the Old Testament) ignored the lengthsof ihc reigns of the kings of Israel (the ten tribes which broke34away from Judah into idolatry after the death of Solomon),and confines himself entirely to the line of the kings of Judah,should give us confidence that fhe Lord intends us to continuethe chronological chain through the kings of Judah (SeeI Chron 3 : 9-16).The Period of 70 Years DesoEation of JerusaEemavtd of the Lad of JudeaFrom the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple at thedethronement of Zcdekiah, till the first year of Cyrus, is easilyfound to be 70 years by comparing the clear .statements ofthe following Scriptures :(I) The prophecy of Moses:Lev. 26 : 33-35.33 And I will scatter you amongthe heathen, and will draw out asword after you : and your landshall be desolate, and your citieswaste.34 Then shall the land enjoyher sabbaths, as long as it liethdesolate, and ye be in yourenemies' land ; even then shall theland rest, and enjoy her sabbaths.35 As long as it lieth desolateit shall rest ; because it did notrest in your sabbaths, when yedwelt upon it.(2) The prophecies of Jeremiah :Jer. 25 : 11, 12 ; 29 : 10.I I And this whole land shall bea desolation, and an astonishment ;and these nations shall serve theking of Babylon seventy years.12 7 And it shall come to pass,when seventy years are accomplished,that I mll punish the kingof Babylon, and that nation, saiththe LORD, for their iniquity, andthe land of the Chaldeans, andwill make it perpetual desolations.10 7 For thus saith the LORD,That after seventy years beaccomplished at Babylon I willvisit you, and perform my goodword toward you, in causing youto return to this place.(3) Daniel's understanding of theprophecies of Moses andJeremiah :Dan. 9 : 2.2 In the first year of his reign, IDaniel understood by books thenumber of the years, whereof theword of the LORD came to Jeremiahthe prophet, that he wouldaccomplish seventy years in tiledesolations of Jerusalem.(4) Historical notice by the writerof Chronicles, of the fulfclmentof the prophecies ofMoses and .Teremiah:2 Chron. 36 : 19, 20.19 And they burnt the house ofGod, and brake down the wall ofJerusalem, and burnt all thepalaces thereof with fire, anddestroyed all the goodly vesselsthereof.20 And them that had escapedfrom the sword carried he awayto Babylon ; where they wereservants to him and hi sons untilthe reign of the kingdom of Persia :21 To fulfil the word of theLORD by the mouth of Jeremiah,until the land had enjoyed hersabbaths : for as long as she lavdesolate she kept sabbath, tbfulfil threescore and ten years.

It is evident from a consideration of the above texts thatthe 70 years of desolation, spoke11 of by Jcrerniah, was infulfilment of the prophecy of Moses, that the land might enjoyits sabbaths of rest, because when the people were in the landthey would not let it rest.When Zedekiah was taken captive to Babylon in the 4thmonth of his 11th year (Jer. 39 : 2), it appears that some ofthe poorest of the people were lcft in the land (Jer. 39 :. IO),over whom Nebuchadnezzar set Gedaliah as governor (2 Kings25 : 22). And when the Jews who had escaped to other landsheard that Gedaliah was made governor over this remnant,they returned and joined him (Jer. 40 : 11, 12). But we readthat in the 7th month Gedaliah and many others were slain(Jer. 40 : 15, 16 ; 41 : I-) ; and although the Lord promisedto protect the very few who yet remained if they would obeyhim (Jer. 42 : 10-rz), they were now so afraid of the Chaldeansthat they would not settle in the land, but fled into Egypt(Jer. 43 : 1-7).This abject fear of the small number who were left afterGedaliah's death, was foretold by Moses, who said that theywould flee out of the land and perish among their enemies(Lev. 26: 36-39), and that then the land would enjoy hersabbaths while she lay desolate without them (Lev. 26 : 33,34, 43), to fulfil, or accomplish, 70 years. Thus, towards theend of the 11th year of Zedekiah the land of Judea was desolate(Jer. 41 : 2, 6, 7, 22 ; 2 Kings 25 : 25, 26).Although the teaching of the Scriptures regarding thisperiod of 70 ycars desolation is very clear, it has been strangelyobscured by Ussher and other chronologers. They haveimagined that the 70 years began in the 3rd or 4th year of thereign of Jehoiakim, 19 or 18 years before Zedekiah's dethronement.This, of course, wo~~ld shorten the chronological chainprevious to A.D. I, and thus make the six millenniums from thecreation of Adam end 19 or 18 years after 1872 A.D. Theyrecognised that the land was not " desolate without aninhabitant " during the remaining 7 or 8 years of Jehoiakimand the 11 years of Zedekiah, and they therefore termed the70 years as a period of captivity. But the Scri$tures are ernfihatic36! IIthat no captivity began in the 3rd or4th year of Jehoiakim, nor, indeed,till after the death of that king.It was after Jehoiachin (the sonof Jehoiakim) ; also named Jeconiahand Coniah-(See 2 Kings 24 : 8,margin) had reigned three months,that the beginning of the captivityof Judah took place (2 Kings 24 :6-18). The prophet Ezekiel (whowas among those carried to Babylonwith Jehoiachin), always reckonedthe captivity as dating from the timewhen Jehoiachin, Jehoiakim's son,was taken captive, 11 years beforethe final captivity and desolating ofJerusalem and the land (Ezek. I : 2;33 : 21 ; 40 : I.-See Diagram onthis page).Jeremiah, also, did not recogniseany captivity of Judah previous tothat of Jehoiachin (See Jer. 27 :16-22 ; and note that this utteranceof Jeremiah was during the 4th yearof Zedekiah ; for the Variorum Bible/ points out that in verse I of this; 27th chapter Zedekiah is the king3 1 meant, as is shown by comparingverses 3 and 12, and verse I ofthe next chapter-the 28th. TheSeptuagint omits 27 : I entirely).It was in the 4th year of Jehoiakim,which was also the 1st year ofNebuchadnezzar (Jer. 25 : I), thatJeremiah promised the Jews that ifthey would turn from evil the Lordwould do them no hurt; otherwisethe king of Babylon would comeagainst them (Jer. 25 : 1-12 ; 36 : 1-3).37

The fear of an invasion had the effect of causing the peopleto proclaim a fast, and endeavour to influence Jehoiakim torepent (Jer. 36 : 4-10, 16). This fast was held in the 9th monthof the 5th year, so that the Lord did them " no hurt " previousto the 6th year of Jehoiakim (Jer. 36 : 9). The Septuagintreads the 9th month of the 8th year, which is probablycorrect .-See footnote.But Jehoiakim cut up and burnt the " roll of the book "which Jeremiah had written against him, and Jeremiah requiredto write another roll, in which he repeated his prophecy that" the king of Babylon shall certainly come and destroy thisland [make it desolate], and shall cause to cease from thenceman and beast " (Jer. 36 : 22-32). Because of this act ofcontempt in cutting up the roll, the Lord brought Nebuchadnezzaragainst Jerusalem, and Jehoiakim was bound in chainsto be carried to Babylon (2 Chron. 36 : 2-7).Nebuchadnezzar, however, did not pursue his originalintention to take Jehoiakim captive, but made him pay tributeinstead, and carried off some of the vessels of the temple, beingcontent with this alone. At the end of three years' subjectionJehoiakim rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24 : I),with the result that the Lord harried him by sending againsthim bands from the surrounding countries, the people of whichwere now under the power of Babylon, until Nebuchadnezzarwas free to come in person to besiege Jerusalem (2 Kings 24 :1-41 7).Jehoiakim was not taken captive to Babylon ; but afterreigning eleven years he died, being probably assassinated byhis infuriated subjects when they saw Nebuchadnezzar comingto lay siege against the city ; and it seems that he was notaccorded an honourable burial, but that his dead body was castforth out of Jerusalem* (Jer. 22,: 18, 19; 36: 30). It wastherefore upon the head of Jehoiachin (Coniah) that the collective* Although the Scriptures do not say whcn Jehoiakim began to paytribute, they by the foregoing texts indicate indirectly that it was in his8th year. The great Jewish historian Josephus corroborates this, sayingdistinctly that it was in Jehoiakim's 8th year that he became tributaryto Babylon, rebelling three years later, i.e., in his 11th and last year(See Ant. X, 6 : 1-3).38sin of his fathers was visited (Jer. 22 : 24, 25 ; 36 : 30, 31).We read that it was at tkt time (11 years before Zedekiah'sdethronement) that Nebuchadnezzar and his servants came andbesieged Jerusalem (2 Kings 24 : 8-11) ; and Jehoiachin (son ofJehoiakim) evidently thought it hopeless to resist, and surrenderedhimself with all his princes and all the chief of the landinto the hands of the king of Babylon (2 Kings 24 : 10-17).This, thefirst deportation of captives to Babylon, took placein the 8th year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24 : 12 ;Jer. 24 : 1-10) ; and the second and final deportation was atthe dethronement of Zedekiah eleven years later, in the 19thyear uf Nebucl~adnezzar (2 Kings 24 : 18, 19 ; 25 : 1-11).Although a few cities in Judea still remained unsubdued afterthe first captivity, which were desolated at the final invasionby Babylon (Jer. 34 : 1-22), this final captivity is spoken of asbeing more a captivity of Jerusalem (Jer. I : 3 ; 32 : I-5),from which time, therefore, the 70 years desolation of Jerusalembegan (Dan. g : 2).Verses 28-30 of Jer. 52 show that the writer understoodthat thefirst captivity of Judah was after the death of Jehoiakim,11 years before the final destruction of Jerusalem. He in thisplace pre-dates the years of thk captivities, calling the 8th yearof Nebuchadnezzar, when Jehoiachin was carried to Babylon,the 7th (Compare 2 Kings 24 : IZ), and the 19th year the 18th(Compare Jer. 52 : 12). Thelcaptivity mentioned in the 30thverse of this 52nd chapter of Jeremiah is that of the Jews whofled to Egypt, after Zedekiah was dethroned and the desolationof the land had begun (See Jer. 43 : 5-11 ; 44 : 1-14). Josephus,in Ant. X, g : 7, says that this last act of vengeance againstthe rebellious Jews took place " on the 5th year after thedestruction of Jerusalem, which was the 23rd of the reign ofNebuchadnezzar." This agrees with Jer. 52, : 30.The 70 years spoken of by Jeremiah is shown in Jer. 29 : I-14*to have begun to count from the time when the remnant (orresidue-same word in the Hebrew) in Jerusalem were takencaptive by Nebuzar-adan, the captain of Nebuchadnezzar. It* In Jcr. 29, verses 16 20 are omitted in the Septuagint, and areregartled by some authorities as not being in the original manuscripts-See the X'ariorum Bible.39

was in the 4th montR of his 11th year that Zedekiah was taken !captive (2 Kings 25 : 2-7 : Jer. 39 : 2-7), while in the 5th monthNebuzar-adan carried away the remnant to Babylon (2 Kings25 : 8-11 ; Jer. 39 : 8, 9). It was this remaant or residue, aswell as to all those who, 11 years before, had gone into captivitywith Jehoiachin or Coniah (Compare verses I and 8 of Jer. 24),that Jeremiah sent the letter, telling them to settle down inBabylon, for the Lord would not visit them till 70 years wereaccomplished (See Jer. 29 : I, 2). The messengers bearingJeremiah's letter to the captives in Babylon had been employedby him in a similar capacity 7 years before, Elasah andGemariah evidently having formed part of the embassy whichhad gone to Babylon on behalf of Zedekiah in his 4th year(Compare Jer. 29 : 3, with 51 : 59, margin).We believe that the foregoing Scriptural data definitelyfixes the commencement of the 70 years period from the 7thmonth, in the 11th year, of the reign of Zedekiah, Judah'slast king. In Vol. I1 of Great Pyramid Passages we examinestill further into this important period of the Biblical chronology.The Great Pyramid's time-features agree entirely with thisinterpretation of the 70 years period.Tlze Period of 536 Years from the End of tlze70 Years Desolation, to I A.D.After the end of the 70 years till the close of the canon ofthe Old Testament, the Scriptures, when marking events ofhistorical importance, indicate in what year of the reigningGentile king such events transpired ; but as the Scriptures donot record the lengths of the reigns of those Gentile kings inthat consecutive order in which they record the reigns of thekings of Judah, we must here rely upon the pages of secularhistory.As we should expect, seeing that God has here left us to ourown resources, it is at this period of the world's history thatchronology rests upon the surest foundations, both because wehave at command several distinct eras which can be compared,and also because we have the writings of many contemporaryauthors of different nations. Secular history from the end of40the 70 years desolation of Jerusalem down to our day is, therefore,in marked contrast with regard to the reliability of itschronology to that of history previous to the 1st year of Cyrus ;for in the earlier period secular chronology is more or less builtupon speculations, and there is no unanimity of opinion.Were it not that God has specially provided, by means ofhis inspired writers, the necessary data to enable us to connectthe reliable period of secular history with the chronologicalchain of the Bible, we would be absolutely unable to locate ourposition on the stream of time. For this reason, if for noother, the reverent student of the Word of God will do well tokeep close to the Bible chronology, placing his reliance uponthe records of secular history only where they are not atvariance with those that are inspired, and where, as in thisinstance of the 1st year of Cyrus, he is directly referred thereto.We may rest assured that wherever our heavenly Father refersus to secular history, he has so overruled matters as always toprovide that the historical evidences necessary to enable us tofix our dates, have been preserved by trustworthy writers.In 2 Chron. 36: 19-23, and Ezra I : 1-11 we read that itwas in the first year of Cyrus, king of Persia, that the people ofIsrael were permitted to return to Jerusalem. The overthrowof the Babylonian kingdom by the Medes and Persians (Elam)had been foretold by Isaiah more than 180 years previously(Isa. 13 : I, 17-19 ; 21 : 2, g), as well as by Jeremiah (Jer.51 : 11). Belshazzar was the last of the Chaldean kings, andwhen he was slain at the time of the capture of the city ofBabylon, by Cyrus, " Darius the Mede took the kingdom "(Dan. 5 : 25-31). Darius the Mede has been identified in secularhistory as Cyaxares 11, who was the uncle of Cyrus.Sometimes the reign of Cyrus the Persian is dated from hiscapture of Babylon in 538 B.c., but he was then merely actingunder the authority of Darius as general of the army. Thus,the Medish monarch, in connection with a Perisan, brought thekingdom of Babylon to an end according to the prophecies.So long as a Mede sat on the throne the Persians were second inimportance, but on the accession of Cyrus, the Persians becamepredominant. This transference of the sovereign power fromthe Medes to the Persians was illustrated in Daniel's vision of41

the ram with the two horns (symbolical of two powers) one ofwhich was higher than the other, and the higher (the Persian)came up last (See Dan. 8 : 3, 20).The date when Cyrus became king is universally agreed tobe 536 B.C. Immediately on gaining authority, Cyrus, infulfilment of the prophecies concerning him (Isa. 44 : 28 ;45 : I, 13), issued an edict which allowed the captive Jews toreturn to Jerusalem, and thus end its long seventy-year periodof Desolation..Tlze Period of 1872 YearsWhen we add 1872 years to the sum of the precedingperiods, this completes six millenniums from the date of thecreation of Adam. But the Scriptures indicate that Adam'sfall and condemnation took place two years after his creation,so that, dating from the Fall, 6000 years ended in 1874 A.D.The proofs of this statcmcnt are fully considered in Vol. I1 ofGreat Pyramid Passages.The foregoing chronological scheme, which we denominateBible Chronology because it is based upon the Scriptures alone(See list of Bible dates, Sec. 11) is corroborated conclusively bythe accurate scientific time-measurements in the Great Pyramidof Gizeh in Egypt.PSECTION IVROFESSOR C. PIAZZI SMYTH has proved conclusivelyfrom several lines of argument, that the Pyramid'sunit of linear measure is exceedingly close to theBritish inch-unit, being only onethousandth part of an inchlonger. He has appropriately denominated this Pyramid unitthe Pyramid inch, 25 of which make a Pyralnid cubit.A large number of the Pyramid's scientific features showthat in the " time-measurements " a Pyramid inch represents ayear (See the companion book entitled : The Great Pyramid : ItsScientific Features). Consequently all British measures must beconverted into the corresponding number of Pyramid inchunits,in order to harmonise with the Scriptural periods of years.. This conve.-sion of British, into Pyramid, inches, is very simplyaccomplished ; for whatever be the total of British inches, ifa deduction be made at the uniform rate of I for every 1000,the remainder is Pyramid inches. Thus 1000 British inchesequal ggg Pyramid inches. To convert a Pyramid-inchmeasure into the corresponding value in British inches, dividethe total of Pyramid inches by eggg.Just as each day of the Bible sylnbolical year of 360 days,when used prophetically, represents a true solar year of 365.242days, so we find in the Great Pyramid that each Pyramid inch,when used as a measure of time, represents either a solar day,or a solar year of 365.242 days. That the Architect of the GreatPyramid intended each Pyramid inch in the time-measurementsto represent a true solar year, is proved by the fact that thescientific proportions of the building which he caused te beerected, demonstrate his knowledge of the exact length of th:.true solar year. The monumentalization of the day-value of theSolar Tropical, and Lunar, years is represented so often in the

dimensions of the Great Pyramid, that no thinking man willquestion its Divine authorship.The Duration of the Solar l'ropical YearThe mean number of days in the Solar Tropical year is notyet known to science with absolute certainty. We believe thatthe estimate of the celebrated French astronomer, the wellknownU. J. J. Leverrier, who discovered by pure mathematicalcalculations the great planet Neptune, to be nearer to the truththan most estimates. Not, however, that there is much of adivergency in the estimates ; for during the past 70 years theresults of the calculations of astronomers have not differed bymore than a small fraction of one second in the whole year.Leverrier's estimate of the mean number of days in thesolar tropical year is : 365.242,199,594,907,4 + . By an exactequation directly connected with the Great Pyramid, the dayvalueof the year is shown to be : 365-242,198,667,7319 - ;and this is the value we adopt in all the calculations of the GreatPyramid. The slight difference in the day-value as estimatedby Leverrier, and as shown by the Pyramid's equation (littleover -08 of one second in the entire year), wouid not total tomore than about 35 minutes during the whole cycle of theprecession of the equinoxes, that is, during the immense periodof 25,694 to 25,695 Solar Tropical years. Finite man cannothope for greater exactitude than this.The Beginning of the YearIn the list of Bible dates (Sec. 11), the years are reckonedto begin according to the present mode of calculating, namely,1st January. This, however, is merely for convenience, for thereare abundant evidences that, with early nations in the northernhemisphere, the universal rule was to begin the year in theAutumn quarter of a year earlier than at present. There areevidences which show that previous to the date of the exodusof the Israelites from Egypt, the Bible follows the then prevailingcustom, and reckons the year to commence in Autumn. The dateof the creation of Adam, given in the chronological list as444128 B.c., really commenced in Autumn quarter of a yearearlier, that is, 1128t years before 1st Jan. A.D. I. When weread in Gen. 7 : 11 that the flood began in the 2nd month ofNoah's 600th year, we are to understand that this year began inAutumn.At the Exodus from Egypt, when the Israelites wereseparated to God at the passover in the 14th day of the monthof Abib, the Lord said through Moses : " This month shall beunto you the beginning of months : it shall be the jrst monthof the year to you " (Exocl. 12 : 2 ; Deut. 16 : I). In this waythe Lord made a distinction between the year of his own people,and the year of the Gentiles.The Israelitish year was lunar only in so far that its exactbeginning was regulated by the first visible appearance of thenew moon immediately preceding the harvest in the Spring.If within 15 days from the first appearance of the new moonat the close of the twelfth month, it was judged that the cropswould be sufficiently ripe to enable the priest to offer a sheafas the first fruits unto the Lord according to the law (Lev.23 : 5-11 ; 2 Sam. 21 : g), this was proclaimed the first day ofthe first month (hence the name of the first month, Abib, i.e.," green ears "). By this simple arrangement the Israelitishyear was automatically corrected (Lev. 23 : 5-16 ; Deut. 16 : g),so that its average length was really solar, i.e., the same lengthexactly as we now observe it, although for convenience thepeople of Israel reckoned 12 months of 30 days each.The Duration of the Sygzodic Mo~zthThe mean number of days in the Lunar, or Synodic, monthas estimated by the famous astronomer, Sir J. Norman Lockyer,is : 29.530,588,715. This value is in exact agreement withanother equation, directly connected with the Great Pyramid,to every place of decimals given by Sir J. N. Lockyer ; and wepoint out that the final digit 5, in the ninth decimal place, isequal to less than 1/2oooth part of one second in the month.By the Great Pyramid equation the days in the Synodic Monthare : 29-530,588,715,008,5 - . The two equations mentionedabove will be explained in Great Pyramid Passages, Vol. 111.45

The Pyramid's Methods of Recording Periods of TimeWhile the main Dispensational periods of the Bible arecorroborated by corresponding inch-year measurements alongthe JEoor-lines of the passages, we find that chronologicalperiods in general are indicated in the Great Pyramid in anumber of ways, all of which are in accord with the building'sown peculiar scientific design, and in keeping with therecognised symbolisms of its various parts.Thus, certain time-periods are indicated in the passages byroof-line, and axial, measurements ; and others are indicatedby direct measurements from one point to another through thesolid masonry and rock. The recognition of this latter methodof recording time-features, revealed the fact that the Pyramidcorroborates a great many important prophetic periods of theScriptures ; and in no other way could these particular periodsbe represented.l~.-l_- 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1- .- -- - -VARIOUS METHODS USED IN THE GREAT PYRAMIDFOR MEASURING BETWEEN ANY TWO POINTS ASA.~ 6.This method is based upon the principle that, while themost direct measurement between two points (as A and B inthe diagram), one of which is helow and to one side of theother, is a straight line from one to the other (figure I in diagram),yet, straight-lined measurements between these two points maybe symmetrically taken in three other ways (as figures 2, 3, 4,in diagram), thus increasing the possible number of corroborativetime-features in the Pyramid. By means of areas, also,scientific features, .and the time-measurements which theyconfirm, are found to be extensively embodied in the building'sdimensions.46FSECTION VTHE MEASUREMENTS AND ANGLESGREAT PYRAMIDOF TIIEOLLOWING the labours of Professor John Greaves in1637, and of Colonel Howard Vyse two hun lred yearslater in 1837, the celebrated astronomer, Irofessor C.Fjazzi Smyth, was the first to employ, in a comprehensivemanner, approved scientific methods of measuring in the GreatPyramid of Gizeh ; and in his well known Life and Work at theGreat Pyramid the resnlts of his investigations in 1865 arepresented with minute detail. For about a scc re of years thiswas the accepted standard book on the subject of the GreatPyramid ; but it was not exhaustive, for Professor Smyth hadnot examined a number of the important lower parts of thebuilding's interior, as these places were much obstructed at thetime through the accumulation of debris.Later, in 1881, the eminent Egyptolog;ct, Professor (nowSir) W. M. Flinders Petrie, also worked long and arduously atthe Great Pyramid, and recorded his observations and figuresin his valuable publication The Pyramids and Temfles of Gizeh.He re-measured with much precision those portions already goneover by Professor Smyth, and visited and measured the partspreviously omitted. For a number of years, therefore, studentsof the Great Pyramid have known of the various dimensionsof the monument to within, at least, a probable small marginof error.For when we consider the difficulties which measurers haveto contend with in the very confined, dark, slippery, and nowsomewhat dilapidated passage-ways of the Pyramid, we canrecognise that though these workers may conduct theirmeasuring-operations with every care, their conclusions mustdiffer to some extent. As Professor C. Piazzi Smyth very47

properly says, " n6 two human measures ever agree exactly;all that finite man can hope for is to come within moderatelyclose limits."The results of our own measuring-operations, carried on inthe years 1909 and 1912, as explained in Vol. I of Great PyramidPassages, closely agree with the figures of Professors Smyth andPetrie. We are confident, therefore, that the measurementsused in this and our other books are as near to the tnith as wecan hope for. Our confidence is strengthened by the discovery,first apprehended by Mr. John Taylor in 1859 in his work TheGreat P.yra~nid : Wh.y was it built ? And who built it ? extendedby Professor C. Piazzi Smyth and his co-labourers, and greatlydeveloped within the past five years, namely, that the GreatPyramid proves its own dimensions by its wonderful, anclcomplete, system of geometrical and mathematical proportions.For it is now clearly to be seen that the dimensions of eachpassage and chamber are directly related by such proportionsto those of every other part of the builaing, both exterior andinterior-See the companion book entitled : The Great P.ymmid:Its ScientiJic Features.Vakce of the .rr RatioIn the scientific, proportionate dimensions of the GreatPyramid, the mathematical ratio T, or the ratio which existsbetween the circumference of a circle and its diameter, entersvery frequently as one of the factors. Because of this it ispossible to ascertain, theoretically, the inch-value of thesedimensions to infinitesimal fractions of an inch.The ratio T has been verified to many places of decimals(at least 600 places). We give the value here to 15 places ofdecimals : 7i = 3.141,592,653,589,793 + .The Casiqtg-stone AngleThe angle of rise of the exterior sides of the Great Pyramidwas pronounced by Professor Flinders Petrie, after carefulangle-measuring of the large well-preserved casing-stones at thenorth base of the building, to be 51" 52' plus or minus 2'.D' 49

Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, followiilg the theory first propoundedby John Taylor, claimed that the exact angle is 51" 51' 14" -3,which angle is contained within the findings of Professor Petrie,and was substantially supported by Profcssor Smyth's ownpainstaking measuring.This angle 51" 51' 14" .3 is called the 7i (Pi) angle, giving tothe vertical height of the Pyramid the same ratio to its squarebase, as the radius of a circle bears to its circumference.conjunction with the building's socket-level base-length, thiscn angle has endowed the Great Pyramid with many wonderfulscientific truths, and has also enabled a number of importanttime-measurements (corroborative of the Scriptural chronology)to be indicated with exactness.None of the other thirty or more measured pyramidsthroughout Egypt have been erected at this T angle. Commentingupon this fact, Professor Smyth writes : " If, therefore,the T quantity with its resulting shape is really found builtinto the Great Pyramid with exactness, . . . it not onlydiscriminates that building at once from all other pyramids ofEgypt, whatever their absolute size may be ; but proves thatsuch a distinguishing feature for the wise of latter days mustZiavc been thc rcsult eithcr of some most marvellous accident,or of some deep wisdom and settled determined purpose."Wc havc coilfidence that the reader will agree with us, afterperusing this small book, that there is no feature in the GreatI'yramid the result of accident.InGallery 26" 17' 37" ; and these angles are practically confirmedby Professor Petrie's observations.Professor Smyth points out that the Grand Gallery, the angleof which is only half a minute from that required by theory, isthe best construcled of all the passage-ways, and in it the buildersappear to have more closely attained to the intention of theArchitect. Referring to the observed angles of the Descendingand First Ascending Passages, Professor Smyth draws attentionto the fact that " one of them is more, and the other less, thanthe theoretical quantity ; their mean, or 26" 16' 30", beingwithin 2' distance therefrom ; and looking like a case of probableerror of construction on the part of honest workmen, whoknew the right theoretical angle, and wished to hit, but hadpractical difficulty in hitting, it exactly " (Life and Work,Vol. 111, page 37).The Passage AngleThe angle of inclination of the Descending and AscendingPassages, as scientifically deduced by Professor Smyth from theexact geometrical proportions of the building, as well as fromhis careful personal angular observations in the several passages,is 26" 18' gw.7. (The seconds are usually given in Pyramidworks as a round figure, IO".) This, the theoretical correctangle, is approximated more nearly by the Grand Gallery thanby the other passages. .The mean angle of the DescendingPassage as actually observed by Professor Smyth, is 26" 26' 49",of the First Ascending Passage 26" 6' 5", and of the Grand50

SECTION VITHE symbolisms of the Pyramid are dealt with in detailin the companion book entitled : The Great Pyrantid :Its Spiritual Synzbolis~n. It will be necessary, therefore,to restate them here only in brief ; and we suggest acomparison of the diagrams on pages 52 and 55.~escendini Passage =The downward course of the " PresentEvil World " to destruction.Subterranean Chamber, or Pit=Destruction or Gehenna, thatstate of death from which there will be no awakening.First Ascending Passage=The Israelitish Age ; or the LawDispensation during which the nation of Israel endeavouredto gain life by the works of the Law.Well-Shaft =The Ransom-sacrifice of Jesus Christ ; or Hades,that state of death from which an awakening is assuredbecause of the Ransom-sacrifice of Je~us Christ.Grand Gallery =The Gospel Age, the Grace Dispensation duringwhich the High-Calling to membership in the Body ofChrist is offered to the faithful ; and the Age when thcSpirit-begotten New Creatures in Christ make their callingand election sure.Anlo-Chantber = Thc " Holy " of the Tabernacle ; the " Schoolof Christ " ; the Spirit-begotten condition of those whohave presented their bodies a living sacrifice to God.King's Chamber-The " Most Holy " of the Tabernacle ; the" Sanctuary " ; the Divine Spirit nature ; the Divine reignof Christ.Queen's Chamber =The condition of Human Perfection possessedby Adam before his fall ; and which the " Man ChristJesus " laid down as a Ransom-sacrifice on behalf of theworld ; and the corldition of the world of mankind after53

the Millennia1 reign of Christ has completed the restitutionwork.Horizolztd Passage leading to the Queen's Chamber=Thccomplete period of the world's history from the time ofAdam, to the end of the Millennia1 reign of Christ ; alsothe New (Law) Covenant which will be made operativewith the restored nation of Israel and the world after thecompletion of the Body of Christ.Granite in the Great Pyramid =The Spirit Nature ; the DivineLaw ; the Divine Will of God.Granite Plug =The Divine Law of God, which blocks the way tolife even as the Granite Plug blocks the way up the FirstAscending Passage.Granite Leaf in the Ante-Chamber =The Divine Will of God,under which all who enter the " School of Christ " mustbow submissively.Plarce of Spirit Nature (Compare with the Chart of the Ages onpage 52) is represented in the Great Pyramid by the levelof the floor of the King's Chamber.Plane of Human Perfection is represented by the level of thefloor of the Queen's Chamber, which is also the level of thesummit of the Well-shaft.Plane of Humarc Depravity or Condemnation is represented bythe level of the Subterranean Chamber or Pit.

JANUARY /:= A.0 /I . A5 FIXED BY EARL Y CHU9CH1 536 YEARS FROMGRUC/FlX/.ON OF JESUS CHRISTSPRING 33 A.D./N THE M/DS T OF THE (70 T#) WEEKBAPT/SM OF JESUS WHEN 1HE BECAME THE MESS/AH i END OF JEW/SHIJESUS BORN *AUTUMN f29 A.D. f AUTUMN?‘^^ A.D.AND BEGAN HI5 M/N/STRY 1 70 WEEHS OF FAVOUR 'I 'vJOHN THE BAPT/S/STBOFN /N 5PR/NC5 MONTHS BE'FOREJESUS.LUKE 1- 26 -36I I I I8.,I: I/5 COMPLETE YEARS OF THE : I -+I'F- REIGN OF T/BER/U5 CRMR --?#' ' NEWAH RECE/VEDI,MM~ssloN I/ FROM I9 VAUG: /4 AD TO /ST-XAUG 29 A.D ] mE WAL OF'i' I PREV/OUS TO TH/5 YEAR.AT THE DEATH OF AUCU5TU5 C;SAR JOHN THE SAPT/S 7 BECAN H/5 e,, AUTu,MN 455 B, C.T/BER/US CESAR BEGAN TO RE/CN M/N/5 TRY DUR/NC THE /Sc* YEAR iIVEH. P: 5-B, 17. 20./97 AUGUST /4 A D OF THE Ri/CN OF T/EEr?/U5 CKSAR iSPRING 29 A.D.DIAGRAM SHOWING THE DATES OF THE FIRST ADVENT OF JESUS CHRISTBE2C,z't; 'R-FxW. .HwlV-.dI=R3 ?a=t2072art-TCD330rtE

eing anointed with the Holy Spirit and with power, he beganhis ministry (Acts 10 : 36-38).Luke states (3 : 1-3) that it was in the 15th year of the reignof Tiberius Caesar that John the Baptist started his ministry.Tiberius began to reign at the death of Augustus on the 19th ofAugust in the year 14 A.D., and his 15th year, therefore,extended from 19th August 28 A.D., till 19th August zg A.D.(See the diagram on page 56).Certain writers have taken as the starting point for Luke'sreckoning the year 12 A.D. in which, they say, Tiberius was madeco-regent with Augustus. There is no proof, however, that sucha method of reckoning was ever used. None of the ancientecclesiastical writers ever imagined that to be the meaning ofthe evangelist. Nowhere in histories, monuments, or coins ofunquestioned authority, is there a trace of any other reckoningof the years of Tiberius Caesar, than from the death of Augustuson the 19th of August, 14 A.D.By comparing verses 13, 24-31, and 36, of the 1st chapter ofLuke, it will be seen that Jesus was about 5 months youngerthan his cousin John the Baptist. According to the requirementof the Law Jesus could not begin his ministry until he was30 years of age (Num. 4 : 3 ; Luke 3 : 23). As this requirementmust have been equally binding upon John, it means thatJohn began his ministry at 30 years of age 5 months before Jesus.The Beginning of Jesus Christ's MinistryIt cannot be supposed that Luke would have been so carefulto fix the exact date of the commencement of John's ministry,had he not understood that he was at the same time furing thedate of the most important event in the history of the world,namely, the Advent of the Messiah. Just as in the 1st chapterhe connects the birth of Jesus with that of John, so in the 3rdchapter he connects the beginnings of their ministry. A moreliteral rendering of Luke 3 : 23, which supports this view, isgiven in Wilson's Emphatic Diaglott.After informing us (in the first three verses) when Johnbegan his ministry, Luke now desires to draw attention to thecommencement of Jesus' own ministry, and (in verse 23) says :58" Also Jesus himself [like John] was about thirty years old[when he] began [his ministry]." The literal word for wordrendering requires the insertion of the words in the brackets,in order to bring out the sense of the verse. The Greek wordhai may be equally well translated " and " or " also."The Birth ofJesusNow, as we have seen, John's ministry, beginning in the15th year of Tiberius, must have dated from some time withinthe year commencing 19th August 28 A.D., and Jesus' ministry,therefore, 5 months later, must have dated from some timewithin the year commencing 19th January zg A.D. It can bemore particularly shown, however, that it was in the middle ofthe Israelitish year, i.e., in Autumn 29 A.D., that Jesus wasbaptised and his ministry began. Luke I : 5 states that John'sfather, Zacharias, was a priest of the course of Abia. Onreferring to I Chron. 24 : 5-19 we find that the priests weredivided into 24 courses, Abia being the 8th in order. Duringthe twelve months of the year, which according to the commandmentof God began in Spring (Deut. 16 : I ; Exod. 12 : z),each course in its order would require to serve in the templefor two weeks. (For a similar arrangement see I Kings 4 : 7 ;also I Chron. 27 : 1-15). This would make Zacharias' term ofoffice expire at the close of the 4th month.Luke I : 8-13 states that it was while Zacharias was" executing the priest's office in the order of his course," thatan angel appeared and informed him that his wife would havea son whom he was to name John ; and verses 23 and 24 goon to say : " And it came to pass that as soon as the days ofhis ministration were accomplished, he departed to his ownhome. And after those days his wife Elizabeth conceived andhid herself five months."The succeeding verses show that atthis time, at the commencement of the 6th month (i.e., at thecommencement of the 10th month from the beginning of thatyear), the annunciation was made to the virgin Mary ; and thatwhen " the days were accomplished that she should be delivered"(or g months later), she " brought forth her first-born son,"Jesus (Luke 2 : e).59

According to the above Scriptural data Jesus was bornin Autumn of the year 2 B.c., 18 months (4 4-5 +g =18)after the commencement of the (Israelitish) year, in which theangel appeared to Zacharias as he performed the priestly officein the order of his course ; and he was baptised 30 years later,in Autumn 29 A.D., or 5 months after John the Baptist beganhis ministry in the 15th year of the reign of Tiberius Czsar(See diagram, page 56).Tlze Duratio~z of Jesus Christ's MigzistryAlthough it is difficult to gather definitely from the recordsof the Gospels alone what was the exact duration of Christ'sministry, the information found in the Old and New Testamentsis sufficient to establish that period as 36 years.In the first three Gospels notes of time are not frequent ;but the Gospel of John carefully enumerates seven notes oftime from the baptism to the crucifixion of Christ. Three ofthese are direct references to passovers, while a fourth passoverappears to be referred to. These references are :(I) John 2 : 13-"the Jews' passover was at hand, andJesus went up to Jerusalem."(2) , 5 : I-" there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesuswent up to Jerusalem."(3) , 6 : 4-" the passover, a feast of the Jews, wasnigh."(4) ,, 13 : I-" before the feast of the passover, whenJesus kncw that his hour was comethat he should depart out of the worldunto the Father,"The name of the feast mentioned in No. 2 is not specified,but it may safely be maintained to have been a passover, otherwisethe interval between the passovers Nos. I and 3 wouldonly be a year. But one year is altogether too short a periodfor the many events, including the three separate tours throughthe cities of Galilee, which the other Gospels show to haveoccurred during that interval. We believe that all the evidenceswarrant our counting the unnamed feast in John 5 : I to be apassover ; and in this case the duration of our Lord's ininistry60from his baptism in Autumn 29 A.D., till his death at the 4th, passover when he was slain as the antitypical passover lamb,would be 34 years ; and the date of the crucifixion Spring33 A.D. This is the date adopted by Ussher. (See further detailsin Vol. 11 of Great Pyramid Passages.)The Great Pyramid Corroborates the Dates ofChrist's Birth, Ba$tism, and CrzccijxionAs the Law Age ended, and the Gospel Age began, at thefirst advent of Jesus Christ, it is confirmatory to find that theimportant dates of his birth, baptism and crucifixion aresymmetrically indicated in the Great Pyramid by three connectedpoints at the upper end of the First Ascending Passage,where the Grand Gallery and Horizontal Passage begin.We have already seen that in the symbolisms of the Pyramid,we have in the Descending Passage a graphic representationof mankind during the course of the " Present Evil World "hastening downward to the Pit of destruction; and in theupward branching First Ascending Passage, effectually blockedat its lower end by the Granite Plug, we have a true symbolicpicture of the Israelites' strenuous but unavailing efforts togain life by the works of the law during the Law Dispensation.Both those with the law, and those without the law, theApostle declares, fell short of the glory of God, and thus allalike were condemned to death, and none could by any meansredeem his brother (Psa. 49 : 7 ; Rom. 3 : g, 10). Then cameJesus, crowned with glory and honour, that he by the grace ofGod should taste death for every man (Heb. 2 : 9). In him wasno sin ; he was holy, harmless, undefiled and separate fromsinners. He was born into this world on a higher plane thanthe condemned race which he came to save ; and in him waslife. Therefore, in the Great Pyramid's symbolical representations,Jesus was not born with the sons of Adam in themiry Pit of depravity and death, but far above in the Queen's-Chamber condition of perfect human life.While the condition of human perfection is particularlysymbolised by the Queen's Chamber, we must recognise thatthe " Plane " of human perfection in general is represented by61

the level of the JEoor of the Queen's Chamber (See the diagramon page 62). When the floor-linc of the Queen's Chamber isproduced northward it comcs in coiltact with the inclined floorof the First Ascending Passage. The fact that the Queen'sChamber floor-level is in this exact relative position to the upperend of the First Ascending Passage, makes it possible for thePyramid to corroborate the Scriptural statement that Jesus,while " made of a woman," was also " made under the law ";that is, as a perfect man, Jesus is represented as born on thelevel of the Queen's Chamber floor which syrnbolises the Plancof Human Perfection ; and as an Israelite, subject to the law,he is represented as born in the First Ascending Passage whichsymbolises the Law Age. Thus, the point of contact on thefloor of the First Ascending Passage marks the date of the birthof Jesus, 2 B.C. ; and the measurements prove that theindication is exact. This is the Pyramid's method of showingthe fulfilment of Isaiah's prophecy when, speaking as an Israeliteto the people of Israel he proclaimed : " For unto us a child isborn, unto us a son is given " (Isa. 9 : 6).The 30 and 33* Inch-year Measureme~ztsFrom the measurements of Professor C. Piazzi Smyth(practically confirmed by Professor Flinders Petrie) we cancalculate that the floor-level of the Queen's Chamber is from142 to 15 (14.8245 +Pyramid inches) vertically below the upperterminal of the floor of the First Ascending Passage. As theangle of the inclination of the passages is 26" 18' 9".7, we canfind by the rules of trigonometry that the inclined distancefrom the point of contact spokcn of above, up to the end of thepassage floor is, in round figures, 33+ inches, while the horizontaldistance is 30 inches." That is to say, the point on the floorof the First Ascending Passage which we have seen toemarkthe date of Jesus' birth, is the starting-point of two time-* The exact Pyramid-inch figures are: For the inclined distance33.4553 +, and for the horizontal 29.9915 4- , Pyramid inches. In roundfigures these represent 339, and 30, Pyramid inches. This time-feature isa development of that given in the companion book : The Great Pyramid :Ifs Spirit~4al Symbolism, pages 92 and 93.63

measurements which indicate two aspects of the earthly life ofJesus.For 30 years Jesus lived as a perfect man ; and then, onthe invitation of God his Father, he presented his human lifeas a sacrificial offering on behalf of the world, covenanting todie the " just for the unjust "-I Pet. 3 : 18. Jesus symbolisedthis offering by his baptism at Jordan, and God demonstratedhis acceptance of the sacrifice by begetting his Son through theoperation of the Holy Spirit to a higher plane of being, theDivine spirit nature. Henceforth the heavenly Father did notregard his Son as in the flesh, but as a New Creature.This aspect of the earthly life of Jesus is represented by thehorizontal measurement of 30 inches. It is appropriate thatthe date of Jesus' baptism and begettal to the spirit nature,should thus be indicated at the point on the Queen's Chamberfloor-level which is in vertical line with the beginning of theGrand Gallery (See the diagram on page 62) ; for the GrandGallery symbolises the upward walk of the spirit-begotten, thecondition of Jesus when, at 30 years of age, he presented hisperfect human body a living sacrifice.The measurement of 33+ inches up the inclined floor-lineof the First Ascending Passage represents the other aspect ofJesus' earthly life, namely, as an Israelite of the tribe of Judah,born under the law and bound to observe it in every particularso long as he lived. Jesus fulfilled the law, and by his sacrificialdeath on the cross at 338 years of age, he became a " curse "for the people of Israel, as it is written : " cursed is every onethat hangeth on a tree " (Gal. 3 : 10, 13). '' Nailing " the lawto his cross (Col. 2 : 14) he there made an end of its exactingrequirements to all who exercised faith in him and acceptedthe high-calling of God in Christ Jesus (Rom. 10 : 4 ; JohnI : 11-13). This high-calling, which is so well symbolised bythe lofty Grand Gallery, was first extended to the followers ofChrist from the nation of Israel at Pentecost, shortly after hisresurrection from the dead in Spring, 33 A.D.SECTION VIIITHIS time-feature shows how the First Ascending Passageindicates the duration 01 the Law Dispensation, theexactly defined period during which the whole nationof Israel was subject to the Law. It had its beginning at theExodus fro~n Egypt in Spring 1615 B.C. when the " Passover,"a most important feature of the Law, was first observed(Exod. 12 : 40-43) ; and it ended in Spring 33 AD. when JesusChrist, the antitypical Passover Lamb, was slain by the cruel,11ld iji~~o~r~i~lio~~s111('111od of ~1-11cifixi011, ancl " ilLtiled it [thc Law]to liis cros5 " (I ('or. 5 : 7 ; Col. ;! : 14) - ;~ltogc~thcr a period of1647 years.The First Ascending Passage repi esents the exac Lingdemands of the Mosaic Law in the Law Dispensation, while theGrand Gallery, with its lofty height, suggests on the contrarythe liberty of the Law of Christ, the perfect Law of liberty inthe Gospel Dispensation. The one ended and the other beganat the death and resurrection of Christ. Accordingly, it is clearthat in this time-feature the line where these two passages meetmarks the date of the crucifixion. This ti~nc-measurement,therefore, like the one already considered (Sec. VII) confirinsthe clairn that the north wall of the Grand Gallery marks thedate of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, 33 AD.*One would naturally expect that the date of the commencementof the Law Dispensation would be indicated by the" Point of Intersection " where the First Ascending Passageleaves tllc Descending Passage ; because it was at the time* In all the prulcipal time-features this is rccognised ; but we findthat in sonic less importa.nt time-~i~ea.surcments, othcs dates in connectionwith tllc First Advent of Christ are liliewise indicated by the line oftleniatltation hetmeen the First Ascending Passage and the Grand Gallery.E= 65

when the people of Israel left Egypt (the world-symbolisedby the downward passage) that the Law was made with themthrough Moses. But here a difficulty is encountered; forwhereas the duration of the Law Dispensation is 1647 years,the full length of the First Ascending Passage which symbolisesthat Dispensation is only 1543.464 + Py~amid inches, i.e., about1034 Pyramid inches too short.* At first sight it would seeinas if this Biblical period was not corroborated by the GreatPyramid. The late Charles T. Russell, however, in his Vol. I11of Studies in the Scrifitzaes, pointed out that the length of theGranite Plug was evidently intended by the Pyramid's Architectto he used in the calculations of this time-measurement.pensation, than the " Granite Plug " which in itself stands asthe symbol of the Divine Law, and which effectually blocksthis way that was " ordained to life " ?If, then, we take the length of the First Ascending Passageupward from the lower end of the Granite Plug, and to this addthe length of the Plug itself, thus giving due weight to thisThe evcnt which formed the beginning of this Lmu, periodwas not the " Exodus " (though it did occur at the same dateas the Exodus) but the ordinance of the " Passover," the firstfeature of the Law, and a very important one (Exod. 12 : 1-28,40-43). What could be more approyriale as the starting-pointfc:: the length of the First Ascending Passage when consideredin its particular symbolical representation of the Law Dis-* TlTe shall find, nevertheltss, in other time-measurements, describedin Vol. I1 of Great Pyrallzid Passages, that the lower end of the FirstAscending Passage does indicate the date of the Exodus, as wcll as otherprominent datcs connected with the people of Isracl.66Tlie lower butt-end of the Granite Plug which blocks the entranceof the First Ascending Passage of the Great Pyramidof Gizeh, as uiewed from fhe Descending Passageimportant symbol of the Divine Law, we shall find that thetotal measurement in Pyramid inches agrees with the period. ofyears during which the Old Law Covenant was in force. (Theactual number of Pyramid inches in this extended length of theFirst Ascending Passage is 1647.325 +, or about a 3rd of ani~~(:ll over the exact 1647.)67

Nor is this a chance coincidence, for other time-measurementshaving a connection with the Divine Law of God require thesame method of calculating. As C. T. Russell rightly said :" We now know why that ' Plug ' was so securely fixed that nonehad succeeded in displacing it. The Great Master-Builder hadplaced it there to stay, that we might hear its testimony to-daycorroborating the Bible, as to both its plan and its chronology."The " Extended " Length of the First Ascending Passage.is Pro@ortionate to the Whole PyramidBy the extended length of the First Ascending Passage, wemean the length of the passage from the upper, south, terminaldown the floor-line to the lower end of the Granite Plug, plusthe length of the Granite Plug. As the total number of inchesin the sum of these two lengths is 1647.325086+, while thefloor-length of the passage, from the " Point of Intersection " tothe upper endis shorter, namely, 1543 a464245 + inches, the formermay therefore be called the extended length of this passage.It is evident that the precise number of inches in the FirstAscending Passage's extended length depends not only on thelength of the Granite Plug, but also on the exact position itoccupies in the passage. Both the length, and the position,of the Granite Plug are related proportionately to thedimensions of the whole Pyramid.We have already drawn attention (in the Scientijc Featurescompanion book) to the proportionate relationship between thefloor-length of the First Ascending Passage, and the floorlengthof the Grand Gallery, through the medium of the daydurationof the synodic month. For when we multiply theGrand Gallery length by the days in the synodic month, anddivide the result by 36, we get the First Ascending Passagelength. The Grand Gallery itself is based proportiorlately uponthe dimensions of the King's Chamber through the medium ofthe day-duration of the solar tropical year ; while the dimensionsof the Icing's Cllarrlber is based upon the size and detailedmeasures of the whole Pyramid, through the medium of thepolar axial length of the earth, the solar tropical year duration,and other related scientific features.68In fact, we find that the measures of every part of the GreatPyramid, both exterior and interior, are definitely related toeach other through sorne appropriate proportion, and it is bythis geometrical and inathematical methocl that the monumentproves its own varied dimensions. The results of actual,practical, measuring in the building itself by careful measurersduring the past 70 years agree, to within small fractions of aninch, with the results of the scientific, proportionate, calculations.The upper south end, and portion of the west side, of the Gronife Plugmhich completely blocks the lower end of the First AscendingPassage in the Great Turamid of GizehBecause of the close agreement between the figures of thepractical measurers (as, for instance, the published figures ofProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth, and W. M. Flinders Petrie, as wellas our own-See Vol. I of Great Pyramid Passages), and becausein nearly every dimension a close mean of these practicalmeasures agrees with the scientific deductions, we can haveconfidence that the measurements we use throughout this bookand the companion books of the series are as near to the truthas we can hope for.69

The Length of the Gralzite PlugThe length of the Granite Plug is proportionate to thedimensions of the whole Pyramid in this way: When we addtogether the four side-lengths of the building's square Socketlevelbase, and the four outside arris-edges, from the Socketlevelbase up the corners to the apex, and divide the sum ofthese eight straight lines by a round 400, we get the length ofthe Granite Plug. This length, as we have said elsewhere, is1781892 + Pyramid inches.Professor Flinders Petrie measured the Granite Plug moreaccurately than Professor C. Piazzi Smyth (for the latter confessedthat we did not attach more than moderate relianceupon his own figures, as the Plug is " so very difficult androundabout to measure "). The measure of Professor Petrieis only about an 8th part of an inch different from the figuregiven above ; and under the circumstances, because of thedifficulty of securing accurate practical measures, this smalldifference is negligible. Like nearly all of the Pyramid'sscientific measurements, this Granite Plug length is confirmedmany times by other features.Th,e Position of the Gralzite PlugAs for the position of the Granite Plug in the First AscendingPassage, we find that the measurements connected with thisare appropriate to the length of the Granite Plug, as well asappropriate to the symbolical significance of the passage. Withoutentering into all the details, we here present the main features.We have seen how, if we reckon a round 400 inches for eachinch in the length of the Granite Plug, we get a total of inchesequal to the sum of the Pyramid's four Socket-level base-sidelengths, plus the four corner arris-line lengths. The length ofthe Granite Plug is therefore not only proportionate, throughthe medium of the number 400, to the actual outside size of thewhole Pyramid, but also to the very shape of the building,namely, the ii-shape, or that precise shape which gives to themonument's vertical height the same proportion to its squarebase, as the radius of the circle has to the circumference.70The number 400 is one of the factors which determines theexact, theoretical, position of the Granite I'lug, though not thistime as a multiplying (or dividing) number, but as a number tobe added. Thus, when we add a round 400 inches to esactly6 times the length of the Granite Plug, the resultant sum isequal to the number of inches between the upper end of theFirst Ascending Passage, down the floor-line to the lower,or northern, end of the Granite Plug. Therefore, if we add400 inches to 7 times the Granite Plug length, we have the" extended " length of the First Ascendillg Passage, or thatlength which, as C. T. Russell pointed out, enables this FirstAscending Passage to corroborate the duration of the 1,awAge of Israel, from Spring of the year 1615 B.C. when the firstfeature of the Law was given, namely, the Passover, till Springof the year 33 A.D. when Jesus Christ, the antitypical PassoverLamb of God was slain, and by his sacrificial death broughtthe Law to an end to all such as had faith.The SigniJicance of the Nz~mbevs 7 and 400Tlle fact that the Granite Plug length iliust be multipliedby 7, the perfect number, and 400 added to yield the necessarynumber of inches to enable the First Ascending Passage toagree in length with the years of the Law Age, this may beregarded as appropriate to the symbolism of the passage ; forone of the prornincnt featurcs of the Law is the 7th day, and7th year, sabbath, which thc pcople of Israel were enjoined toobscrve. The number 7, also, represents perfection in general,just as 10 represents completeness. It was on the 10th dayof the 7th month of their ecclesiastical year that the Israeliteswere commanded to observe as the great atonement day ; andon this same day every 50th year, counting from the year theyentered into the Holy Idand, the priest blew the trllmpet ofjubilee, and proclaimed liberty throughout all the land. Thenumber 6 seems to be more particularly identified with man inhis imperfection, although it has another significance, as weshall refer to later.The roth part of 400, i.e., 40, is a Scriptural number, andin most instances where this number is used, either as clays7I

and nights, or years, trial or tcsting is associated with it,directly or indirectly. Powers of the number 40, that is, aswe have seen, 400, dnd also 4000, and 40,ooo are connected wit11the First Ascellding Passage in some of the scientific features.The whole of the Law Age of Israel which the First AscendingPassage so well symbolises was essentially an Age of trial andtesting. Owing to their imperfection the people of Israel wereunable to pass the exacting requirements of the Law ; and theI.aw therefore blocked the way to life, just as the Granite Plugblocks the way up the First Ascending Passage which representsa way to life. But the perfect Marl Christ Jesus passed everytrial and test which his heavenly Father saw good to subjecthim to. We read that for 40 days he was tempted of the Devilin the wilderness, and that the Devil had to leave him at last,being unable to shake the iaitlr and loyalty of our Lord.The length of the First Ascending Passage, its extendedlength, and the length of the Granite Plug, are all corroborateda number of times by the Pyramid's scientific proportions(which will be more fully dealt with in the 3rd volume of GreatPymmid Passages). We therefore adhere to these particularlengths, considering them to be the standards, or correcttheoretical measures. But, as we have pointed out severaltimes, agreeably with Professor C. Fiazzi Smyth, it is probablethat the Pyramid's Designer intended that other measures forthe various parts of his monument sllould be used in thecalculations, these other measures being, however, withinnarrow limits. For a passage may measure longer along oneside than along the other, as, for instance, the DescendingPassage, which from the " Point of Intersection " downwardsis longcr on the west side than on the east. There is, ofcourse, a reason for these slight ranges of measure, to someof which we refer in the Scientific Featzwes book.D~nair~ ily K. Vaughn?'The large couity excauated rou,;d fbe western side of !be Granite Plug in theGreat Pyramid of Gizeh, excaoafed by Caliph A1 Ayamoun in820 J.D. This cavily co,~nects the Descending Passogewith !he lower end of the First Ascending Possoge

SECTION IXThe other way into the Grand Gallery is the Well-shaft,which symbolises the death and resurrection, i.e., the ransomsacrifice,of the Lord Jesus Christ. It is by this way, faith illthe ransom-sacrifice, that the Gentiles havc passed from thePlane of Condemnation represented by the Descending Passage,up to the Plane of Human Perfection represented by the levelTHE GOSPEL AGE : CALL AND TRIAL OF CHRIST'S " BOIW "THE Gospel Age is the continuation of the Law CovenantAge in point of timc ; yet there is great differencebetween them, evrn as the Grand Gallery whichsymbolises the Age of Grace, although in direct upward continuationof the First Ascending Passage which symbolises theAge of Bondage, differs from it in most other respects. Wehave already fully described the symbolisms by which the GrandGallery represents the upward walk of tlzose who partake withChrist in the high-calling of God (See the Spii~itztal Symbolis~rcbook). The total length of this passage in Pyramid inchescorroborates our understanding of the Scriptural teachingregarding the complete period of the Gospel 4gt..The Two Waj~s of gaining the Grand GalleryThere are two modes of entrance to the Grand Gallcry.The most direct is the First Ascending Passage up which thepeople of Isracl, typically clcanscd through the atonement-daysacrifices, are represented as going. Those who had faith inthe ransom-sacrifice and thus received Jesus as their Saviour,passed directly from Moses into Christ. They accepted thespecial privilege of the Gospel Age (John I : 11-13) and,figuratively, followed Christ up the Grand Gallery. Themajority of the nation who rejected him, however, were turnedaside into the Well-shaft ; that is, because of their blindunbelief they lost the opportunity of the Age of Grace, ancl werecast into the hndaan condition. For although the Well-shaftparticularly syrnbolises the death and resurrection of JesusChrist, it also symbolises hades or the death-state in the widersense. Christ's soul was not left in hades (Acts 2 : 27).74The lower end of the Grand Gallery in the Great Pyramidof Gizeh, looking south; showing the two Rompsoscendirig on each side of the floorof the Queen's Chamber floor. They are not actually perfect,but are " justified by faith " (Rom. 5 : I) and " accepted in thebeloved " (Eph. I : 6). If they now comply with the request topresent their bodies a living sacrifice (Rom. 12 : I), and soaccept the " High-Calling," they are urged to forget those75

things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things ,which are before, press towards the mark for the prize of thehigh calling of God in Christ Jesus (Phil. 3 :13, 14).The Beginnifig of the Gos+el AgeWith the exception of these few followers of Christ, thewhole world of mankind on their downward way pass the lowermouth of the Well, the ransom-sacrifice of Christ, without seeingit, or if they do they have no faith in it as a way of escape tothe upper passages of life. To the Jew it is a cause of stumbling,and to the Gentile it appears to be foolishness (I Cor. I : 23).Jesus was called from his birth, in the sense that he wasborn into this world for the purpose of accepting the call tosacrifice when the due time should come ; and this as we haveseen was at his baptism (Sec. VII). But although the " Call "began there so far as Jesus was concerned, it was not untilafter his resurrection that the " new and living way " wasopened up, first to the people of Israel, and afterwards to theGentiles. Good men, like John the Baptist, who died priorto the actual paynlellt ol the ransom by meails of the preciousblood, could not have part in this high-calling (Matt. 11 : 11).It was not until Jesus ascended and presented the merit ofhis sacrifice to the Father, that the Call was extended to theillembers of the Body of Christ. The first to take advantageof the Call were the Disciples at Pentecost (Acts 2 : 1-18) ;and on these, in token of his acceptance of them, God pouredout his Holy Spirit, just as 34 years before he had poured itupon his beloved Son Jesus at Jordan. The exact day when theHoly Spirit first descended upon the members of Christ's Body,was foreshadowed in the types of the law (Lev. 23 : 4-17).The privilege to suffer with Jesus Christ and to be on trialfor a place in the Body, which began to close in 1878 A.D., willcontinue until the last member has completed his course.*But with the completion of the membership of the Body, andthe completion of their testing as to faithf~ilness unto death,* See Statdies in the Scriptures, by C. T. Russell, Vol. 11, chap. 7 ;Vol. III., chap. 6.76and their exaltation with thelr Head, will come the conclusionof this Gospel Age. This, we believe, will coincide with the endof the " Times of the Gentiles," Autumn of the year I914 A.D.(See No. 3 on page 24).The "Feet" Members of the Body of Christ,and their WorkThe above paragraphs appeared in the 1913 edition of the2nd volume of Great Pyralnid Passages. While we believe weare right in maintaining that all the members of the Body ofChrist are not yet joined to their Head, Jesus Christ, in gloryas spirit beings, their activity as " feet " members in publishingthe glad tidings, in publishing salvation by proclaiming that" Millions now living will never die," and in declaring that tlzeveign of Christ is now begun, can be said to have been legallydue since 1914 A.D. To quote the late C. T. Russell: " It isto this mission of the ' feet,' or last members of the Church,who will declare upon the mountains (kingdoms) the reign ofChrist begun, that Isaiah 52 : 7 refers."" A great and important work, then, is given to theremaining members : Kingdom work it is indeed, and accompaniedalso by Kingdom joys and blessings. Although yet inthe flesh and pursuing their appointed work at the expense ofself-sacrifice, and in the face of much opposition, these arealready entering into the joys of their Lord,-the joy of a fullappreciation of the divine plan and of the privilege of workingout that plan, and, in conjunction with their Lord and Redeemer,of offering everlasting life and blessings to all the families of theearth ."We read that " the Lord knoweth them that are His."From the date of our Lord's death and resurrection, Spring olthe year 33 A.D., till the date when he took up his great powerand began to reign at the completion of the Seven Times of theGentiles, Autumn 1914 A.D., is a period of 18816 years. Thisperiod is corroborated by the total length of the Grand Gallerywhich represents the Gospel Age ; for the Pyramid-inch distancealong the floor-line, from the north wall which convincinglymarks the date 33 A.D., up to the virtual floor-end at the vertical77

IIline of the upper south wall, is 1881.598 +, that is, practically18814 Pyramid inches.This measurement is confirmed in so many distinct waysby the scientific features of the Great Pyramid, that we cannotdoubt its accuracy and intentional design. Jehovah, the GreatMaster Architect of the Pyramid, so designed the dimensions ofthe monument, that it might monumentalize the date 1914 A.D.not once, but many times over, that we should have confidencein the wonderful events connected with that year. The mostimportant of these is that Christ, " whose right it is," begail hisreign as earth's invisible King (Ezek. 21 : 25-27).-."' HORIZONTAL PASSAGE \ \\\PLANE OF HUMAN PERFECTION. ..wHILESECTION Xthc First Ascending Passage represents theexperiences of the nation of Israel under the exactingrequirements of the old Law Covenant, syinbolisingthe hopelessness of that commandment which, although" ordained to life," was found to be in reality unto death becauseof inherent sin (Rom. 7 : 10) ; and while the Grand Galleryrepresents in its symbohsm the experiences of those who havethe necessary faith in Christ during the Gospel Age, there isanother passage-way in the Grcat Pyrainicl which illustratesthe experiences of the world of mankind in general during theentire seven thousand years, from the time of Adam till the endof Christ's Millennia1 reign, namely, the Horizontal Passagewhich leads to the Queen's Chamber. And just as the lengthsof the two Ascending Passages indicate the durations of theLaw and Gospel Ages, so, proportionately, the length of theHorizontal Passage agrees with the complete period of 7000 years.God's faithful witnesses in all ages have believed thatultimately Jehovah will reward the righteous because of theirfaith in Him, and punish evildoers. But the time has seemedlong, and their cry has been : " How long, 0 Lord ? " Yetthe Apostle says that " the Lord is not slack concerning hispromise, . . . but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing thatany should perish, but that all should come to repentance "(2 Pet. 3 : 9). " fIave I any pleasure at all that the wickcdshould die ? said the Lord God : and not that he should returnfrom his ways and live ? " (Ezek. 18 : 23). For this reason,therefore, that the wickcd might learn by bitter experience thesure results of evil-doing, and then be given an opportunity toreturn and learn righteousness that they may live, the Lordhas been longsuffering with the fallen race of mankind. For79

6000 years God permitted evil to predominate, because,we read, " he hath appointed a day, in which he will judgethe world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained,"the Lord Jesus Christ whom he raised from the dead (Acts17 : 30, 31). This " day " that God has appointed is the7th 1000-year period since the time of Adam ; and in itmankind will experience the effects of well-doing, in contrastto the effects of evil-doing during the preceding six 1000-yearperiods. For we also read that, " when thy judgments are inthe earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness "(Isa. 26 : 9) ; and, " In his days shall the righteous flourish."namely, the Ransom-sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who is spolienof as " the Lainb of God, which taketh away the sin of the woi-ltl,"having been " foreordained before the foundation of the world,"and " slain from the foundatior, of the world" (John I : 29 ;I Pet. I : 19, 20 ; Rev. I3 : 8). The Queen's Chamber atthe further, southern, end of the passage synlbolises the perfecthuman life to which all incn will attain by the end of theRilillennial Age, as the result 01 tlie work of Christ.How tJze Length of the Norizo~ztal Passage Indicates thePeriod of 7000 Yeavs of the World's HistoryThe whole tenor of the Scriptures shows that the Lorddesigned the long period of 7000 years for rnan's ultirnatceverlasting benefit, that he might by experiences learn goodand evil, and, if he is rightly exercised by these experienceschoose righteousness and live. Thus there is hope for mankind,because God who is the Saviour specially of thosc who believe,is also the Saviour of all me11 ; and he willeth that all men shallbe saved and come to the l~nowledge of the truth (See I Tim.2 : 4 ; 4 : 10). If they remain loyal and obehent to therighteous Judge they will live forever in the earthly homwhich the loving Creator has prepared for them ; for the earth,which " abideth for ever," was made to be inhabited (Eccles.I : 4; Psa. 119 : go ; Isa. 45 : 18).The Horizontal Passage to the Queen's Chamber illustratesthis hopeful condition of mankind. The upper mouth of thesymbolical Well-shaft at the northern cominencenlent of thcpassage represents that which is thc foundation of all hope,80Tlie enlrance of the Horizorltal Passage leading lo the zueerl's Chan~ber ir~ theGreat Pyramid of Gizeh; showing &he sheer-ciit-03 of the GrandGallery jloor (Compare with the diagram on page 80)The method by which the Horizontal Passage shows theperiod of 7000 years is partly by its symbolism, and partly bythe proportionate measures of its length. Tlle simple length ofthe passage itself could not sllow the 7000-year inierval fromAdam's creation and fall, to the end of ilie Millennium, for itis only about 1521: Pyramid inches. It is here, therefore,p2 81

where both the proportions of the length, and the symbolism,are necessary ; and by taking advantage of these the representationis complete and convincing.The Queen's-Charnber end of the Horizontal Passage isabout 21 inches morc in height between floor and roof, than themajor part of its length ; and this final, southward, section isto a close approximation one-seventh of the total length of thepassage. Because the first 6/7ths is less than four feet betweenfloor and roof, thus compelling the man of average stature tobow his head and back considerably when progressing towardsthe Queen's Chamber, this pictures the condition of the humanrace during the first 6/7ths of the world's history. Whilemankind has been " subjected in hope " by God for 6000 years,during which, the Apostle tells us, they have bcen waiting withearnest expectation for the manifestation of the sons of God,they have also been " subject to frailty," bowed down andlabouring under sin and degradation, and longing for thepromised deliverance (See Iiom. 8 : 19-22). '' For we know,"continues the Apostle, " that the whole creation groaneth andtravaileth in pain together until now " ; but that it shall be" delivcred from the bondage of corruption into the gloriousliberty of the children of God."The time when this carnestly expected deliverance will take~lacc is in the 7th 1000-year period, called by the Apostle " thetimes of restitution of all things." The final 7th part of thelength of the Horizontal Passage, owing to its greater heightbecause of the 21-inch drop in the floor-level, well representsthe greater freedom of the Millennia1 Age. The original Adamiccondemnation will then be removed, and under the terms of theNew (Law) Covenant the great Mediator, Christ, will restoiemen to that upright condition lost by Adam through his disobediencein the beginning. The floor-to-ceiling height of thisfiilal 7th of the pasage gives just enough head-room for the manof average stature, that is, about 5 feet 8 inches. But afterpassing out of the passage into the seven-sided Queen's Chamber,there is abundance of head-room, symbolising thc glorious11bcrty of the perfect inan after the restitutioil work of Christand his joint-heirs of thc IGngclom is accomplished. (See theillustration of this final part of the passage on page 85.)823The Length of tlze Horizontal Passage is Geometrically ExactAs explained elsewhere the total length of the HorizontalPassage leading to the Queen's Chamber is related, by a proportion,to the dimensions of the King's Chamber, and to thenumber of days in the Lunar or Synodic month. For when weinultiply the cubic diagonal of the King's Chamber by the dayvalueof the synodic month, and divide the result by 10, whichis the Pyramid's basic number, we get the length of theHorizontal Passage, namely, 1521.3114f Pyramid inches.This, the correct theoretical length, is the mean of the practicalmeasures secured by Professors Smyth and Petrie, and byourselves as described in paragraphs 588 to 591 in Vol. I ofGreat Pyramid Passages.In the symbolisms, the moon, as represented in the durationof the lunar month, is symbolical of the Law, which mankindwill gradually be enabled to observe perfectly under the betterconditions of the New Covenant. The King's Chamber issymbolical of the Kingdom of Christ, under the beneficentrule of which the restored world will be instructed in righteousness,and so attain to the Queen's-Chamber condition of perfecthuman life. It is therefore in keeping with the approvedsymbolisms of the Pyramid that the day-duration of the synodicmonth, and the chief dimension of the King's Chamber (thecubic diagonal) should so wonderfully yield the figures whichagree with the measured length of the Horizontal Passage.There is nothing forced, eitlier iri tlle interpretation of thesymbolisms of the building, or in the mathematical calculations,in this feature.Even in the proportions of 6/7ths and 1/7th into whichthis Horizontal Passage is divided, there is a fitness tothe mathematical accuracy of the whole monument. Foralthough the final scction of thc passagc at the Quecn's Chamberend is, as we have said, only a close approximation to a 7thpart of the total length, yet this section is so balanced to thelonger sectioll that it does show the exact 7th part by thefollowing method :This method taltcs into account thc Pyramid's basic number10, which is the complete number, in addition to the perfect83

number 7. From the total Pyramid-inch length of the HorizontalPassage deduct the complete number 10. Divide the remainderby the perfect number 7, and we have the precise length ofthe final, southern, section of the passage, namely, 215.9016 +Pyramid inches. The difference between Professor C. PiazziSmyth's practical ineasui-e for this final section, and our ownpractical measure, is less than a 20th part of an inch, and aclose mean between these two practical measnres is the onerequired by thc illathematical and proportionate theory, asdetailed above.7040 years, froin tlic fall of Adam till thir final test llpon il~anlrindis accomplr\hcd, ii tlmr; inrlicated in tl~c Sriipturt-s. 711e dateof the end of the long ~~eriod of 7010 years will therefore bc,2914 A.D., which will complete 2915 years from the date of thcbirth of the " Man Christ Jesur " in Rethlehem (Al~tumn of theyear 2 B.c.).The Horizorttal Passage artd the 7040 Years' PeriodWe read in Iievelation 20 : 3 that Satan is to remain boundin the " bottomless pit " for the 1000 years, that he shoulddeceive the nations no more till the 1000 years are fulfilled ;but that " after that he must be loosed a little season."Further, in verses 7 and 8, the Revelator says : " And when thethousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of hisprison, and shall go out to deceive the iiations which are inthe four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gatherthem together to battle : the number of whom is as the sandof the sea."By the end of the times of restitution, the thousand yearsof the Millennium, all mankind will have been restored to thatdegree of perfection which should enable them to withstandthe deceptions' of thc liberated evll one ; and as the generalresurrection will then be complete, the nations, or peoples, willbe as the sand of the sea for multitude. All the loyal at heartwill pass this final test which the loosiilg of Satan will bringupon the restored world, and will live on into the " Ages ofglory " to follow. Those who provc themselves disloyal andlacking in love for God and neighbour, as is required by theperfect law, will be destroyed by the " fire " which will comedown from God out of heaven (Rev. 20 : 9).This final " little season,'' which comes after the 1000-yearperiod, will probably be a short spacc of 40 years, as seems tobe indicated by the harmony of the timc-parallels shown onpages 24 and 25 (See particularly No. 3). A total period of84The doorway of the Horizontol Passage in the north wall of the cueen's Chamberin the Great 'Pyramid of Gizeh; showing [he 21-inch drop in the floor ofthe passage, and the corlsequent greater headroom in !his fino1 par! oftlre passage (Compare wilh the diagram on page 80)The Horizontal Passage to the Queen's Chamber is relatedby a mathematical proportion, and by a method of calculatingclraracteristic of the Great Pyramid, to this 7040 measilre.35

The length of the Horizontal Passage, as we have seen, isconnected proportionately to the dimensims of the Icing'sChamber, and to the day-value of tlie Lunar month. As theIcing's Chamber's dimensions are in their turn related to theday-value of the solar tropical year (as is explained fully in thecompanion book entitled : The Great Pyramid : Its ScientiJicFeatures), we see that both the sun and the moon, as representedby the solar year and the lunar month, are symbolicallyconnected with the Horizontal Passage through the medium ofnumbers, i.e., numbers of days, and numbers of inches. Wehave already drawn attention to the symbolical significancespoken of.The total length of the Horizontal Passage, 1521.3114 +Pyramid inches, is much too small to agree by any directcalculation with a 7040-inch measure. But its length is soexactly balanced with all the other dimensions of the Pyramid,and with the building's scientific indications of the solar andlunar years, and with the mathematical ratio 7, that the7040-year period is shown to be connected with this passageby the following method of calculating :When we add to the Horizontal-Passage length of1521.31142 + Pyramid inches, the same number of inches asthere are days in the lunar year (of 12 lunar, or synohc, months,354.36706 +), and also the same number of inches as days in thesolar tropical year (365.24219 + ), and regard the sum of thesethree exact numbers as being the diameter of a circle, we findthat the circumference of this circle is practically an even 7040Pyramid inches. This circumference measures little more thana 20th part of an inch over the precise 7040. (The Horizontal-Passage length in inches, added to the nunlber of days in thesolar and lunar years, yields the sum of 2240.9206 +. Thissum viewed as the inch-diameter of a circle, and multiplied bythe ratio T, gives for the circumference of that circle7040.0599 + inches.).SECTION XITHERE can be said to be more than one length for theDescending Passage, for this passage is divided intodefinite sections throughout its total length byprominent structural details. For instance, there is existingevidence that the Descending Passage had two north beginnings.The first one was (for it is now missing) at the surface of theoriginal casing-stones that covered all the northern flank of thebuilding. Owing to the stripping-off of the pristirie casing ofthe monument, this outer commencement of the DescendingPassage has disappeared. But the few casing-stones whichstill remain at the northern foot of thc building, standing intheir original places almost exa.ctly below the entrance of theDescending Passage, make it possible for us to determinewithin close limits where the doorway of the Descending Passagelay in ancient times. We term this north-commencementof the Descending Passage floor-line : The Ancient Entrance.Rut the masonry which forms the present north edge ol LheDescending Passage floor-line, has the appearance of havingbeen intended by the Pyramid's designer to constitute another,second, corriinenceinent to the passage. The particularstructural feature which presents this appearance of ariotfierfloor-beginning is an extensive sheet of masonry, 30 inchesthick, and nleasuring 33 feet wide from cast to west, down thecentral liue of which the floor of the passage runs. That is tosay, this broad sheet of stone, starting from where the DescendingPassage now begins, slopes downward into the solid masonryof the building, preserving (so far as we can judge) a width of33 feet, and extending from the outside of the building dowri tothe rock-level. And down the middle of this great inclined87

sheet of masonry, which Professor C. Piazzi Smyth named theD?sccnding Passage " Enseincnt-shcct," tllc passage's walls wcrelaid at ne~ily thrcc. xrrd a h:df feet apart ; and or1 top of th?.;cwalls imillensc roof itonrs wcrc then plxcrtl. This method ofconstruction lnade the masonry of the Descending Passagevery solid and enduring.Col. Howard Vyse's historic Cosing-stones in the middle of thenorthern hase of the Great Tyromid of GizehThe " Basement-sheet " of the Descending Passage, therefore,forms a distinct part of the Pyramid's design, and ProfessorSmyth was of the opinion that it did not extend further outwardtoward the exterior line of the casing of the building than itdoes at present. Therefore the northern edge of the Basementsheet.at the point where the Descending Passage commences,89

forms another, distinct, floor-beginning for this pnssngc. TII(~masonry which originally lay beyond this, betwcen ill(: I)I'P.(-IIIHoor-commencenient of the passage and the anciei~t 111111;~11(1'beginning, must have been arranged in a different stylc, ;I.; isnatural to suppose, seeing that the casing-stone surface wascomparatively near. Professor Flinders Yetrie believed that tl~cancient Entrance was originally closed by a pivoted stone door ;and this is probable.In the Pyramid's symbolical and scientific features both ofthese floor-beginnings are repeatedly recognised. And thesetwo floor-beginnings of the Descending Passage are related toeach other by harmonious proportions, proving, by tlie Pyramid'sown method of proof, that both are intentional details of thewhole system of dimensions which bind all sections of themonument together. The opinion of Professor Smyth that thenorth edge of the Descending Passage Basement-sheet, wherethe floor of the passage begins at present, is an originally intendedfeature of the Pyramid's design, is thus fully supported. Weshall refer to some of these symmetric proportions later.Lower Termirtals of Descending PassageAt the lower end of the Descending Passage, which, with theSubterranean Chamber or Pit, is hewn out in the solid rock,there are a number of points where measured-lengths of thepassage terminate. These points we may number for clearness :(I) The end of the inclined floor-line, at the point of junctionwith the Small Horizontal Passage. (2) The end of the SmallHorizontal Passage at the line of the north wall of the Pit.(3) The end of the floor-line of the Small Horizontal Passagewhich juts into the Pit, five inches southward beyond the northwall of the Pit. (This third terminal is a very important onein the Pyramid's teaching.) (4) The point which is verticallybelow No. 3, on the produced line of the inclined floor of theDescending Passage. This No. 4 terminal for the DescendingPassage is, of course, a virtual floor-ending only, and not actual.But it is a termination which we can recognise, seeing that it isin direct continuation of the inclined floor-line of the passage,just as if the passage had been cut right downward at thc snlnc91

steep angle through the rock. It is also exactly, vertically,bclow thc tcrtllination of the Small Horizontal Passage floor,which, as we said, juts into the Pit five inches. Therefore, No.4 terminal can be said to mark the end of the longest possiblestraight-lined length for the Descending Passage, beginningfrom the ancient Entrance. And this longest measure is, aswe shall see, a very important one in the Great Pyramid.The " Point of 1~8tersection "The point where the First Ascending Passage branches upwardfroin the Descending Passage, called for convenience the " Pointof Intersection," because the floor-lines of the two passagesintersect each other here, naturally forms a definite divisionallinein the total length of the Descending Passage. Therefore,from the outside Entrance down to the " Point of Intersection "is often named the Entrance Passage ; and from the " Point ofIntersection " downward toward the Pit is named, for distinction,the Descending Passage. This lower reach of thepassage is an important section, and is in a sense representativeof the whole passage.--L SECTION (mou N-m m Soorn~ooninc WrJrlSnzwm~c JUNCTION OFI PA5SACE.AND FIRST ASCENDING PASSACL -.--..... *...r-- ~- JThe Symbolical S,zgniJica~zce a.nd Le~zgtlzof the Desceading PassageThe length of a passage, expressed in earth-commensurableinch-units, that is, in Pyramid inches, is in itself a necessarypart of the symbolical meaning of the passage. It is oftensaid that " figures can tall:! " It is ccrtain that the row offigures which express the lengths of the Great Pyramid's interiorpassage-ways do talk clearly, telling us what part each passageplays in the building's corroboration of the Biblical Plan of thcAges. Such figures are by no means " dry."It is worth whileto understand them. Let us see what the longest straightlinedmeasurement of the Descending Passage lias to tell usregarding an intercsting feature of tlle Lord's Plan of Salvation.First, as regalds the numbel- of inches in the loilgest straightlinedmeasure of the Descending Passage : This number isequal to the exact 10th part of the sum of : (I) the days in 120solar tropical years, and (2) the inches in the Queen's ChamberHorizontal-Passage length. (The days in 120 solar years number43,829.0638 + ; and the Horizontal Passage, which leads to theQueen's Chamber, measures 1521.3114+ inches. The sum ofthese two numbers, when divided by 10, the Pyramid's basicnumber, is the precise length of the Descending Passage, frointhe ancient Entrance north beginning of the floor, to the terminalof the produced inclined floor, at that point on this producedline, No. 4 in the diagram, which is vertically in alignmentwith the end of the Small Horizontal Passage floor, five inchesbeyond the line of the north wall of the Pit. This, the longeststraight-lined length of the Descending Passage, measures4535.0375 + Pyramid inches.)Secondly, the length of the Small Horizontal Passage leadingto the Pit, taking its longest measure to the terminal of the actualfloor five inches beyond the Pit's north wall, is proportionate tothe length of that section of the Descending Passage which runsbetween the " Point of Intersection" at the junction of theFirst Ascending Passage, and the lower end of the inclined flooritself, where the Small Horizontal Passage begins. This proportionis shown through the inedium of a right-angled triangle,namely, that triangle formed by the produced Descending93 .

Passage inclined floor-line as the hypotenuse, the vertical lineof the terminal of the Small Horizontal Passage floor as theperpendicular, and the horizontal line from the lower end of theinclined floor of the Descending Passage, which is parallel withthe Small Horizontal Passage floor, as thc base. Thc area ofthis right-angled triangle, thc sizc of wllicll is altogetherThe Descending Passage of the Great 'i'lramid of Sireh as oiewed bornthe lower end of the Well-shaft, looking eastwardDlpivn by K. V,zr~&,hiha,zThe nor~h-east coi-rler of !he roclpcut Sublerrunean Chamber, or Pit, in the Great Pyramidof Sizeh, showing the square doorway of the Small Horizontal Passageby which entrance is gained to the chalnberdependent upon the floor-length of Llle Small HorizontalPassage, when divided by 10, yields the n~~mber equal to thelength of the lower reach of the Descending Passage, 3034.5010 +Pyramid inches. The complete floor-length of the SmallHorizontal Passage is 350.4031 +Pyramid inches, to the endof the five inch projection illto the Pit.95

The floor-lengths given above are correct according to theactual, practical, measures taken in the Great Pyramid by us in1909 and 1912. The total mean measurement of the inclinedfloor of the Descending Passage, which we secured in theseyears and published in Vol. I1 of Great Pyramid Passages,is barely a 100th part of an inch different from the abovementionedstandard lengths for this passage. The figures aretherefore authentic.The fact that the total, or longest, straight-lined length ofthe Descending Passage agrees with the number of days in 120solar tropical years, and with the length of the HorizontalPassage to the Queen's Chamber (when the sum of these twonumbers is divided by IO), is appropriate to the symbolicalmeaning of this downward passage. For symbolically theDescending Passage represents the downward course of thefallen human race, from the time when father Adam broughtsin and death into the world through his disobedience, till now.The whole human family has been born on the downward- course, and have been hastening to the pit of death, representedin the Great Pyramid by the Subterranean Chamber. Nonehave been found worthy to give himself a ransom for his brother,that he might redeem him from the death-sentence. As theScriptures declare, there is none righteous, no, not one ; forall have coule short 01 the gloi y of God. The condition of theworld would have been hopeless, had it not been that God inhis great mercy had provided a ransom, or corresponding price,by which he has bought the whole race from death.We read that Christ is the " lamb slain from the foundationof the world" ; and that he bore our iniquities, dying the" just for the unjust." Christ is the " Seed of the woman "who is destined to bruise the head of the serpent ; that is, hewill in due time destroy Satan, the great tempter. And Christis, together with his joint-heirs, the " Seed of Abraham " whowill bless all the families of the earth, by, first, raising them fromthe death-state, and then, under the beneficent rule of the New(Law) Covenant, restoring them to the likeness of God, as Adamwas when he was made in the image of God in the beginning.Therefore, while God in justice required to pass the sentenceof death upon Adam because of his sin of disobedience he, in96mercy, did not leave him and his descendants without a littlehope ; for it is written that " He hath subjected the same inhope. "The death-doomed condition of the world of mankind isrepresented by the Descending Passage ; but the hopefit1condition is represented by the Horizontal Passage leading tothe Queen's Chamber. For all the human race will ultimately11e raised to the Horizontal-Passage condition through theransom-sacrifice of Jesus Christ, and the ransom-sacrifice is, inthe symbolical Pyramid, represented by the mysterious Wellshaft,the " way-of-escape " from the downward passage.The hopeful condition, which will have its realisation duringthe time of the New Covenant rule of the Christ, and which iswell represented in the Great Pyramid by the HorizontalPassage to the Queen's Chamber, is, as it were, transferredthrough the medium of the actual length of that HorizontalG2 97

Passage, to the Descending Passage, in the manner describedabove.But there is still another aspect of the Descending Passage'ssymbolical meaning. Not only does this passage represent thegeneral downward course of the world to death, but, in thetime-measurements of the Pyramid, where each linear inch-unitrepresents a year in the scrolls of history, the length of thepassage, beginning this time from the vertical line of the presentroof-commencement at the upper end, and measuring down thefloor-line to the Subterranean Chamber, agrees in the totalnumber of inches with the number of years between the dateof the Flood, when the " World that was " ended, till the date1914 A.D., when Christ was due to take up his great power andreign as earth's invisible King.It was because of the exceedingly evil condition of the worldat the close of the first Dispensation, that God brought in theflood of waters and destroyed the old " World of the ungodly."At the time when God saw that he would require to destroy allflesh which had become corrupt in the earth, he said : " Myspirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh :yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years " (Genesis 6 : 3).While many explanations have been advanced regardingthis mention of a period of 120 years, all are agreed that it hasdirect connection with man's sinful, downward, course. For thisreason, therefore, we believe it to be appropriate that themeasurement of the total length of the Descending Passage,symbolical of man in his degraded state, is directly related tothe days in 120 years ; while at the same time the hope whichGod mercifully instilled into the human heart is represented bythe incorporation in the length of the Descending Passage,the length of the Horizontal Passage leading to the Queen'sChamber. (The fact that it is the 10th part of the sumof the number of days in 120 solar years, and the number ofinches in the Horizontal Passage length, does not mean thedisregarding of the full numbers in each of these two factors ;for this is very characteristic of the Great Pyramid's proportionatedimensions, in which 10, and its multiples and divisions isconstantly recognised.)SECTION XI1AUTUMN of the year 1914 A.n. is the termination oE theperiod of 1915 solar tropical years which begail torun its course when our Lord was born in Bethlehem ;the true date of the birth of Jesus being Autumn of theyear 2 B.C.Autumn of the year 1914 A.D. is also the termination of thelong period spoken of in thc Scriptures a.s the " seven times,"which is interpreted by students of the Bible as being sevensymbolical years, each of 360 days, and each day representinga true solar tropical year in the actual fulfilment of prophecy.Therefore, the "seven times " are seven symbolical years of360 days each, representing in fulfilment 2520 solar tropicalyears.-See No. 3 on page 24.This period of 2520 true years, declared in Scriptures to bethe seven times of Israel's punishment because of the nation'sdisregard of the Law of God, was*referred to by Jesus as " tlletimes of the Gentiles." During tl~is long term of punishrnentthe Gentile nations have dominated God's chosen"people, thenation of Israel. It began when Zedekiah, tbe'last of thekings of Judah, was dethroned by the king of Babylon illthe year 607 B.C.Jerusalem, with the temple of David ancl Solomon, wasdestroyed in that year, 607 KC., and Zcdelciah and his subjectswere carried captive to Babylon. From Autumn of that year,when the very last of the remaining people fled from thestricken country, the promised land lay desolatc without aninhabitant for full 70 years (2 Chron 36 : 11-23).At the end of the foretold 70 years of desolation of Jerusalem;III(I IIIE lancl, Cyriis, the king of Persia, permitted the surviving99

captives, along with those born in captivity, to return andrestore their desolated country, and begin again their distinctnational life. Rut God regarded then1 no longer as His representativekingdoin ; for although their ~iatioualjty was restored(Ezra 6 : 16-22 ; S : 35), thcy were not again permitted tohave a king " sitting upon the throne of the Lord " (Nehemiahg : 33-37). They were henceforth servants in their own land,subject to Gentile kingdoms. According to the express pronouncementof Jehovah, through the mouth of his prophetEzekiel, the kingdom would not be restored to Israel until I-Iewould come whose right it is, namely, the great and longpromisedMessiah (See Ezekiel 21 : 25-27).The First A++earance of the KingQAt the time of the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ inBethlehem, the " wise men from the east " came to Jerusalemenquiring where he was who was " born king of the Jews."The advent into the world of him whose right it is to reign overIsrael and restore the kingdom was, therefore, know11 in theworld. Jesus himself admitted this truth when he said :" To this end was I born."The prophet Zechariah had also proclaimed the Icing'sadvent when he said, " Rejoice, greatly, 0 daughter of Zion ;shout, Q daughter of Jesusalem : behold, thy King comet11unto thee : he is just, and having salvation ; lowly, and ridingupon an ass, and upoil a colt the foal of an ass.'; Jesus Christwas therefore recognised by the waiting people as the longexpected Icing ; for when he came riding into Jerusalenl fromthe Mount of Olives, they shouted : " Blessed be the Kingthat cometh in the name of the Lord " ; and they spoke ofhim as the " Son of David."Yet, soon after all this demonstration, he was crucified ! Hisfaithful disciples were overwhelmed with grief, and were greatlyperplexed. They said : " We trusted that it had been he whichshould have redeemed Israel." But the risen Lord rebukedthem for their lack of perception :" 0 fools, and slow of heartto believe all that the prophets have spolien : ought not Christto have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory ? "I00Afterwards, when the disciples were accustomed to theappearing at intervals of their risen Master, whom they nowknew was no longer dead, but was greatly chailgecl (for he wasnow a spirit being, assuming fleshly bodies in which to appearto his followers and thus convince thein of his resurrectionfroin the dead), they enquired : " Lord, wilt thou at this titilerestore again the kingdom to Israel ? " But the Lord Jesushad previously declared, when he had wept over Jerusalemand pronounced their house desolate, that they should not seehim again until they said : " Blessed be he that cometh in thenaine of the Lord."They had, indeed, shouted these very words when they incthim riding into the city ; but Jesus did not accept this demonstrationas the fulfilment of the prophecy. He knew that thetiille was yet future when the people of Israel would, froin theirhearts, proclaim him as their King. In the meantitne, Jesushad said, " Jerusalem must be trodden down of the Gentiles,until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled."TIze " Severt Times " Tlznt Passed Over ~'ebuchndne~ztcrThese times of the Gentiles, referred to by our Lord at hisfirst advent, coincide with the " seven times " of Israel's punishmentspoken of by Moses ; for Jerusalem began to be " troddendown of the Gentiles " when Nebuclladnezzar destroyed thecity and temple, and dethroned the last liing in 607 B.C.The punishment upon God's chosen people through the lossof their kingdom, was accentuated by the madness of the Gentilenations who held sway over them. This madness of the Gentilei~lling-powers was illustrated by " seven times " of madnesspassing over the head of Nebucliadnezzar, who was the firstking of the first of the Gentile universal empires (See Daniel,chapter 4). As seven literal years of madness happened toNebuchadnezzar the man, so seven symbolical years were topass over the head of the great symbolical irnagc, which, Danielc:xplained, represenled all the universal empires who woulds~~ccessively oppress the nation of Israel (See Daniel, chapter 2).N(.l)~~chadnezzar himself represented the head of gold in the:;yr~~l)olical image.I0 I

1914 a.u. was thc 1..'+~n! of the '3~'eve.l~ 2'inzes "With Nebnchadnezzar the seven tiines of niadness upon theGentile nations, and seven times of punishment upon Israel,began to run their course. l'rorn Autuinn of thc year 607 B.C.these seven times, or 2520 solar tropical years, elided inA~ltuill~i of tlie year 191'1 A.D. At this date 1914 AD., therefore,accordiirg to the prophetic Word, " He whose right it is"assumed his great power and began his reign, a spirit being,the invisible King of Israel, and of the whole world." Proclaim among the nations, ' The Lord reigneth ! "'" How beautiful upon the mountains [kingdoms] are the feetof hinl that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace, thatbiingeth good titlings of good, that publishetll salvation ; thatsaith unto Zion, ' Thy God reigneth ! ' " " All tlie ends of theearth shall see the salvation of our God."l'lze First Appearing of Israel's King was NecessaryThus, while Jehovah proclaimed through the mouth of hisprophet that his typical kingdom on earth would be overturneduntil he would come whose right it is to reign over Israel andthe world the birth into this world of that King 605 yearslater, or 1915 full years before the due time for him to assumehis Kingly power, was necessary.He required to establish his right to be King by provinghimself absolutely obedient in every particular to his heavenlyFather. He required, also, to purchase fallen mankind fromdeath through his own willing sacrificial death as a perfect man.The sacrificial death of the Man Christ Jesus was accomplishedwhen he was 333 years of age, in Spring of the year 33 A.D.We read : " In due ,time Christ died for the ungodly." We seetherefore that the very date for the ciucifixion had been fixedby Jehovah beforehaid.Froin tlie date of tlie detlironement of Judali's last king,607 KC., until the date when Jesus rode into Jerusaleirl and wasproclaimed as the promised King, 33 A.D., an interval of 638;years had elapsed. And from tlie date when the world'sSaviour was born into the world, and was spoken of as theI0 2" King of the Jews," z B.c., until the date of the elid of Gentiledoniinion over God's chosen people when the glorified Lordtook to himself his great power and began his reign as King,1914 AD., an interval of 1915 years ran its course. This longerperiod of 1915 years is equal to almost exactly three timesthe length of the shorter period. (6388 multiplied by 3equals 19154.)The Grent Pyramid's Precise Indication of theDates of our Lord's Eivst AdventIn Section VII, pages 61 to 64, we have shown how thedates of Christ's birth, baptism, and crucifixion are indicatedconnectedly at the upper end of the First Ascending Passage.As much depends on a clear understanding of this symbolicalindication, we thinlc it well to repeat the explanation in thisplace, expressing the points in other words.In the synlbolism of the Great Pyramid, the Queen's Chamberrepresents the perfect human life, as Adam had it before hisdisobedience lost it for him. The level, or plane, of humanperfection is therefore represented by the floor-level of theQueen's Chamber. The Man Christ Jesus is, figurativelyspeaking, pictured as being born on this plane of humanWhile born a perfect Man, Jesus was also born subject tothe Law of Moses, and in duty bound to observe this Law inevery detail. He was a perfect Israelite of the tribe of Judah,and he did always those things that pleased his heavenly Father.This fact of his birth under the Law, in addition to his birthas a perfect Man-child, is illustrated in a very convincing wayin the symbolical Great Pyramid : When we produce the lineof tlie Queen's Chamber floor-level northward, we find that itintersects the floor of the First Ascendiiig Passage near itsupper end. The floor of the Queen's Chamber is lower than thefloor of the major part of the Horizontal Passage which leadsto this cllair~ber. This depression in the chamber's floor is justthat exact amount, that the produced line of it crosses theFirst Ascending Passage floor 334 indies down from the upperend. That is, between the point where the two floor-lines cross103

each other, and the beginning of the Grand Gallery, which isalso the end of the First Ascending Passage, there is a floor-spaceof 334 inches (See the diagram on page 62).As the First Ascending Passage represents the Law Age ofthe nation of Israel, and as the level of the floor of the Queen'sChamber represents the plane of human perfection, we can easilysee that the particular point on the floor of the First AscendingPassage which is horizontally in alignment with the floor of theQueen's Chamber, very convincingly marks the date 2 B.c.,when the perfect Man Christ Jesus was born subject to theexacting requirements of the Law of Moses at the end of theLaw Dispensation. And the 334 inches between this precisepoint on the floor of the First Ascending Passage, and the upperend of that passage, clearly corresponds to the 33fr years of ourLord's earthly life. Therefore, the end of the First AscendingPassage marks the date of his sacrificial death on the cross,by which he redeemed the people of Israel froin under the curseoi' the Law, being made a cui-se for them, as it is written " Cursedis every one that hangeth on a tree " (See Galatians 3 : 12, 13).By voluntarily laying down his huinan life in sacrificc,Jesus Christ nailed the Law to his cross, and " made an endof the Law for righteousness to eveiy one that believeth."Those of the people of Israel who believed were not only freedfrom the Law, but were given the privilege of becoming " Sonsof God," that they might be joint-heirs with Christ in theKingdom. Just as the upper terminal of the First AscendingPassage marks the date of our Lord's death, so the beginning ofthe Grand Gallery represents his resurrection from the dead onthe third day. The lofty Grand Gallery symbolises the GospelAge which begail immediately after the Law Age ended at tllcdeath and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The faithful anlong thepeople of Israel passed from Moses to Christ ; and they arepictured ascending the Grand Gallery with Christ to theKingdom honours represented by the King's Chamber. Andbelieving Gentiles during the Gospel Age, after the majorityof the nation of Israel were cast off because of their unbelief,are also pictured as ascending with their Master to the heavenlyinheritance.For we read that the ent tiles were " made nigh by the blood104of Christ." Therefore, while at first the Gentiles are reprcsentedon the downward course of the Descending Passage," afar off " froin the cominonwealth of Israel, and not by natureheirs of the Kingdom-opportunities, yet the open Well-shaft,which symbolises in the Pyramid the ransom-sacrifice of Christ,provides a way of escape from the death condition, and asiopportunity through faith to reach the Grand-Gallery privileges(See Ephesians 2 : 11-18).The Dzrration of the Gospel AgeWhile the Well-shaft symbolises the grand central truth oftlie Scriptures, that Jesus Christ was " delivered for our offences,and was raised again for our justification," the actual date ofhis death and resurrection is clearly marked by the verticalline of the Grand Gallery north wall, close to the open mouthof the Well-shaft. (The situation of the Well's upper end isfixed by other important considerations ; and by other relatedtime-measurements this upper end marks the date of ourLord's sacrifice.)Just as the 334 inches at the upper terminal of the FirstAscending Passage corresponds to the 334 years of our Lord'searthly life as a perfect man under the Law, so the continuedmeasurement up the floor-line of the Grand Gallery correspondswith the years of the Gospel Age that followed the date of theresurrection of Christ. This floor-length of the Grand Galleryis practically 18816 Pyramid inches, a measurement definitelyestablished not only by the practical measurings of carefulworkers at the Pyramid, but fixed beyond any possibility ofdoubt as iriteiltional by the inany scientific proportions of thebuilding. Thus, 18814 years from the date, Spring of the year33 A.D. when our Lord died and rose-again, ends in Autumn ofthe year 1914 A.D.The upper floor-terminal of the Grand Gallery is, therefore,rgI5 inches from the point on the floor of the First AscendingPassage which inai-lrs the date of the birth of the " King of theJews " in Bethlehem. This floor-length of 1915 Pyramidinches corresponds with the period of 1915 solar tropical yearsfrom the birth of the Man Christ Jesus, to the eventful year105

1914 A.D., when he began his glorious reign of righteousness,the invisible King of earth. (The precise floor-length, accordingto the theoretical standard dimensions of the Pyramid, is onlyabout a 20th part of an inch more than the exact 1915,namely, 1915,0538 + Pyramid inches.)The King's Chamber syrnbolises the Kingdom of Christ, aswell as the Kingdom class who are joint-heirs with him, accordingto the promises of God ; for Jesus himself said : " Fear not,little flock, it is the Father's good pleasure to give you theIcingdom." The fact that the exact dimensions of the King'sCliamber are identified with the floor-measurement of 1915inches, corresponding to the 1915 years from the birth into thisworld of him whose right it is to take the Kingdom, and duringwhich his joint-heirs of the Kingdom have been called out fromthe world, is full of significance. We recall that the verticalheight of the level touched by the upper floor-terminal of theGrand Gallery above the floor-level of the Queen's Chamber,is equal to the sum of the King's Chamber's length, width, andheight, Q.E.D. Therefore, the King's Chamber itself, throughthe medium of this definitely measured-off section of the floorof the approaching passages, points to the year 1914 A.D. (Forthe details of this calculation see the companion book of thisseries : The Great Pyramid : Its Scientijic Feat~res.)In the Pyramid's symbolical language this correspondencyseems to say : " From the date when the world's Saviour wasborn into this world, and proclaimed ' King of the Jews,' 1915years must elapse before He with his spirit-begotten joint-heirsof the Gospel Age can rise sufficiently above earthly influences(as represented by the floor-level of the Queen's Chamber), andattain to the full measure of the spiritual I(ingd01n.The fact that the level of the floor of the King's Chamberis a few inches higher than the upper terminal of the GrandGallcry floor, represents that an interval must elapse between theassumption of Kingly power by Christ, and the glorification tothe spirit nature of the last of the members of his " Body."The few body-members who are " alive and remain " while theother members are already " caught up " to heavenly glorywith Christ, are called in the Scriptures " the feet of him."While still in the flesh, these feet members of Christ are doing106Kingdoirl work, in conjunction with their glorified Head.The late Charles T. Russell refers to this necessary part ofthe work of the Kingdom : " Several Scriptures show thatthere is a special work for the last members 01 the body to doon this side of the veil, as important and as essential a part ofKingdom work as that of the glorified rnembers on the otherside of the veil."In accordance with this Scripturally-supported belief, theLord's diligent children, thc " children of the Kingdom," havesince 1914 A.D. proclaimed, and still continue to proclaim, that" Millions now living will never die !" They proclaim with nouncertain voice that '"The Kingdom of Christ has now begun !"They proclaim that " The old world has ended ! " and that itcame to an end in Autumn of the year 1914 A.D.Charles T. Russell continues : " One by one the ' fcet 'class will pass from the present condition, in which, thouglioften weary and wounded, they are always rejoicing, to the otherside the veil ;-' changed ' in a moment, in the twinkling of aneye, from mortality to immortality, from weakness to power,from dishonour to glory, from human to heavenly conditions,from animal to spirit bohes. Their wo~k will not cease withthis change ; for all those who will be counted worthy of thatchange to glory will be already enlisted in the service of theKingdom on this side the veil ; only the weariness, the labourfeatures, will cease with the change-' They shall rest from theirlabour, but their works fo1lo.1 with them '-Revelation 14 : 13."" 'l'he mission of the feet, which is no insignificant part ofthe Kingdom work, will be accomplished. Though their messageis popularly hated and discredited and they are despised bythe world as fools (for Christ's sake), as all his faithful servantshave been throughout the Gospel Age, yet, before they all are' changed ' and joined to the glorified members beyond theveil, they, as agents of the Kingdom, will have left such recordsof that Kingdom and its present and future work as will be mostvaluable information to the world and to the undeveloped andover-charged children of God who, though consecrated to God,will have failed to so run as to obtain the prize of our highcalling." (See Studies in the Scriptuves, Vol. 111, pages 235-238.)

SECTION XI11TIIE " SEVEN TIMES " MEASURBRIENTGREAT PYRAMIDIN THESTILL further to emphasise the connectiori between theadvents of Jesus Christ as King, and the long intervalknown as the " seven times " of Gentile power, wefind that the Grand Gallery in the Great Pyramid shows, byone method of measuring it, this period of Gentile dominion,each inch in the measurement representing a year in history.The angle at which the floor of the Grand Gallery ascends,and the total floor-length are such, that the sum of the horizontallength, and the vertical height, of this passagc is equal to alittle over the round 2520 Pyramid inches. (The precise sumis about 2520i inches.)By this method, thercfore, while the actual floor-length ofthe Gallery agrees with the number of years between our Lord'sentry into Je~uaalem as King in fulfilment of the prophecy ofZechariah, and his assunlption of Kingly power at the close ofGentile dominion in r914 A.D., yet the angle of the floor'sascent makes it possible for the Gallery to also indicate thclonger period of the " seven times."By both incthods of measuring the Grand Gallery (i.e., thcdirect method along the floor, and the angular method) the upperfloor-trrnlinal marks the date 1914 AD., the date of Christ'ssecond advent as King over all the earth. " Of the increaseof his government and peace there shall be no end, upon thethrone of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and toestablish it with judgment and with justice from hencefortheven for ever." (See Isaiah g : 7, and Daniel 7 : 27.)There are several other time-measurelnents in the GreatPyramid which indicate the Scriptural period of " seven times,"or 2520 years.One of these terminates at the Pit, or Sub-108terranean Chamber, thus corroborating the Bible in its declarationthat troul~lorls tin~cq would attend the setting up of the 1Gngdom.This greal time of tronble upon the nations when their lease ofpower expires, is owing to the fact that thc " kingdoms of thisworld " will not lightly relinquish theil- dominion, held for SOlong. Satan, the " strong man," is struggling to retain his holdupon mankind, but the One who is stronger will ultimatelybind the great deceiver. The Subterranean Chamber veryfittingly symbolises the utter destruction of Satan's empire,which destruction began in 1914 A.D. as shown by the Scriptures,and corroborated by the Great Pyrarnid. (See Vol. I1 of GreatPyramid Passages.)

SECTION XIVI N the time-measurements we have noticed, the GreatPyramid clearly corroborates the duration and parallelismof the Jewish and Gospel Ages. The length of each ofthese Ages is proved from the Scriptures to be exactly 1845years, so that any date in the former has its parallel date in thelatter 1845 years afterwards. It is important to recognise that" time-parallels," to be of any value, must corrcspond in eventsas well as in dates.There are a number of striking parallels in the two Ageswhich help to confirm our understanding of the times andseasons. They correspond so closely that we cannot doubtthey were so arranged by our loving heavenly Father, that thefaith of his consecrated children might be strengthened in Him,and in His great Plan of the Ages.In the year 606 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar laid the holy landdesolate and took the Jewish king and nation captive toBabylon, where they remained till the first year of Cyrus king ofPersia, who, after the overthrow of the Babylonian kingdom,released the Jews from bondage, and at the same time issuedan edict allowing them to return to the site of Jerusalem torebuild the temple (2 Chron. 36 : 11-23). This was in 536 B.c.,70 years after the beginning of the Babylonian empire.Although Cyrus released the captive nation from the yokeof Babylon, this freedom was merely typical of the full libertywhich Fleshly Israel shall experience after the end of the"Times of the Gentiles," when the greater Cyrus, Christ, shallrelease it from the humiliating bondage of the kingdoms of thisworld, and from the oppression of the " god of this world,"Satan. This work of Christ, when finished, will be the completeantitypical fulfilment of the work of Cyrus ; but during theIT1

Gospel Age we can see a partial fulfilment in connection withSpiritual Israel, which was in bondage to the great apostatesystem of Papacy, denominated in the Scriptures " Babyloll thcGreat," because its whole ritual is founded upon the iniquitousreligious system of Ancient Rabylon (Rev. 17 : 3-6)."The Babylonish Captivity of the Papnc-y "" Rabylon the Great " was fully set up in power in 539 A.D.,having been gradually and stealthily assuming form even sincethe days of the Apostles (2 Thess. 2 : 7). But in 1309 A.D.,exactly 1845 years after the fall of the ancient typical Babylon,the power of antitypical Babylon the Great was brokem ; forin that year the Papal See.was transferred from Rome toAvignon in the south of France. This exodus of the centre ofthe Apostate Church from Rome, its seat of power (Rev. 17 : 9),is called in history " The Babylonish captivity of the Papacy,"owing to the fact that it remained in exile for a period of about70 years, during which time it was under the dictation of theking of France. In consequence of this humiliation and breakingof the power of Babylon the Great in 1309 A.D., the true Churchof God, the " Israelites indeed," who had been in bondage inthis idolatrous system for 770 years (1309 minus 539 =770)were released ; cven as the ITleshly Israelites had been similarlyreleased after their 70 years' bondage in typical Babylon of old.(See No. 7 on page 25).Rome Identi$ed with "Babylon the Great"Referring to the Scriptural name " Babylon the Grcat,"and its identification with Papal Rome, the Rev. AlexanderHislop says : " There never has been any difficulty in the mindof any enlightened Protestant in identifying the woman' sitting on seven mountains,' and having on her forehead thename written, ' Mystery, Babylon the Great ' with the Romanapostacy. No other city in the world has ever been celebrated "as the city of Rome has, for its situation on seven hills. Paganpoets and orators, who had no thought of elucidating prophecy,have alike characterised it as the ' seven-hilled city.'I12' Propertius speaks of it as ' The lofty city on seven hills,which governs the whole world ' (Lib. 111, Eleg. 9, p. 721).Its ' governing the whole world ' is just thc counterpart of theDivine statement--' wliicli reigneth over the kings of the earth '(Rev. 17 : 18). To call Rome thc city ' of the seven hills ' wasby its citizens held to be as descriptive as to call it by its ownproper name. Hence Horace speaks of it by reference to itsseven hills alone, when he addresses ' The gods, who have settheir affections on the seven hills ' (Carmen Seculare, Vol. VII,p. 497). Martial, in like manner, speaks of ' The sevendominating mountains ' (Lib. IV, Ep. 64, p. 254)." Now, while this characteristic of Rome has ever been we11marked and defined, it has always been easy to show that theChurch, which has its seat and headquarters on the seven hillsof Rome, might most appropriately be called ' Babylon,'inasmuch as it is the chief seat of idolatry under the newTestament, as the ancient Babylon was the chief seat of idolatryunder the old. It has been known all along that Popery wasbaptised Paganism ; but ~od'is now making it manifest thatthe Paganism which Rome has baptised is, in all its essentialelements, the vevy Paganism which prcvailed in the ancientliteral Babylon, when Jehovah opened before Cyrus the twoleavedgates of brass, and cut in sunder t11c bars of iron "(The Two Babylons).The Beginning of the Decline of" Babylon the Great "Just as after its subjection in Babylon for the iyfiical periodof 70 years, the Jewish nation was allowed to return to Jerusalemin order that other features of the Lord's great Plan might bcworked out ; so " Babylon the Great," which is to be finallydestroyed at the end of the Gospel Age, was allowed to regaina large measure of its power after the end of its typical periodof 70 years humiliation in Avignon. Nevertheless, the Reformationmovement gained a decided footing in 1309 A.D. ; andhistorians of the Middle Ages tell us that our study of thehistory of the Reformation must begin with Avignon.Up to that time the head of Papacy had sway over the world,HZ 113

eing virtually " lting of kings," and " lord of lords." BonifaceVIII had been installrd in oflicc in 1295 A.D. He was morearrogant than any previous pope ; and it was this arrog:lnccwhich led to l'apacy's bnmiliation. When the great apostateChurch was at the summit of its power, in the very middle ofthe Papal millennia1 reign (See No. 5, page 24)) he issued thefamous bull called " Unam Sanctam," in which he claimed notonly temporal and spiritual authority, but further, that no mancould get eternal salvation except by his sanction.The king of France, Philip the Fair, was sufficicntlyenlightened to see the emptiness of this n~onstrous claim, andhe repudiated the bull and was in consequence excommunicated.Philip then did something which had never before been attemptedduring the period of Papal supremacy-he made the popeprisoner, just as Napoleon did about five hundred years later.Boniface, being an aged man, died from the indignities andinjuries received. Ilis successor died within a year. FinallpClement V, who had sold himself to the king of France, wasappointed ; but he was afraid to live in Rome. Being the vassalof the French l;ii~g he transferred the Papal See to Avignon,in 1309 A.D., and there began the " Babylollis11 Captivity of tliePapacy."Seven popes in succession ruled in Avignon till 1378 A.D. ;and as they were all under the dominion of Franc?, the otherkingdoms of Britain, Germany, Switzerland, etc., refused tohave the pope act as their umpire and arbitrator as formerly,ltnowing that his dccisions would be the dictates of Philip. Itis thus plainly evident that the imiversal power of " Babylonthe Great " was broken in I309 A.D. ; and the captive SpiritualIsraelites were allowed freedom to lay the foundations of theRefonned Church-the Spiritual Temple.Marsiglio, the "Morning Star of the Reformation"But only the foundations of the Spiritual Temple of theReformation were laid in 1309 A.D., just as at the parallel datein the Jewish Age, 536 B.c., only the foundations of the House ofthe Lord were then laid. In both cases enemies stopped theWork. It was not until 521-517 B.C. that tlie material temple114was completed in the Jewish Age ; and in the parallcl Crosl~~lAge it was not until the corresponding years, 1324-1328 A.I).,that the Spiritual Temple was bililt by Marsiglio, who is solnctimescalIcd " the inorning star of the Reformation."Marsiglio was the author of a book, which, when we considerthe grossly superstitious day in which it was written, is a trulywonderful production. In this publication, issued in I324 A.D.,he advocated Republicanism, contending that there should beno kings ; and that there ought not to be any division betweenclergy &nd laity. That the Church should have nothing whateverto do with temporal affairs, and should own no property. Heclaimed that Saint Peter never had been in Rome, but that evenif it could be proved he had been there, it was certain he hadnot founded the Papal Church ; and in any case the holding ofthe " keys " merely constituted Peter the turn-key, and notthe Judge. Christ was the Judge ; and the people had theright of freedom of conscience.By these and many other telling points Marsiglio undoubtedlybuilt the Temple of the Reformation. He forged the boltswhich were effectively used by succeeding Reformers. Hisgreat anlbition was to establish Republicanism, but he realisedthat it could not hold in this early day, for the mass of thepeople had yet too much reverence for the Divine right of kingsand clergy. Only the true Spiritual Israelites experienced theirfreedom of conscience consequent upon the breaking of the powerof Babylon the Great.Marsiglio recognised that the Church should be in subjectionto the Gentile powers, and not lord over them, andtherefore he aimed at pulling down the Papal supremacy. Withthis object in view he sought for some king whom he mightappoint as Emperor of the West, in imitation of Charles theGreat, who would be superior to the pope and thus make thesecidnr power supreme. In the year 1326 A.D., two years afterthe publication of his epoch-making book, he found what hewanted. King Louis of Bavaria was then quarrelling with thepope in Avignon, and Marsiglio took advantage of this quarrel,which was insignificent in itself, to forward his daring scheme.With a band of enthusiastic followers he approached KingT,onis and explained his project. Louis was well pleased with115

the proposal, and accompanied the hand to Rome. The peopleof Romc readily received the king, being angered at the pope'sresidence in Avignon. So long as tlie Papal Scc was in ilrignon,Rome was ncglectcd ; tl~c pcoplc of ot1ic.r countries, with theirmoney, were now all diverted to Avignon where the pope heldhis court. The prospect of having the Papal See restored toRomc great!y pleased the inhabitants, and king Lonis wasreceived with acclamation.In the year 1328 AD. Louis was crowned Emperor of thcWest. This was the summit of Marsiglio's reforming work ;in that very year he clied ; and Louis, who was a man of littleability and full of superstition, being now deprived of his clevercounsellor, abandoned his post and fled from Rome. The workof Marsiglio was thus finished in four years, just as the workon the material temple In the Jewish Age was completed inabout four years. But as the temple, built in four years, wasused forethe purpose for which it was erected ; so the four years'work of Marsiglio was used for its special purpose, namely, theorganisation of the great Reformation of the Gospel Age.Wycliffe and the " Great Pn$nl Scltis~?t "The tenlple being now ready it was necessary to replace init the holy vessels, that the House of God might be used inaccordance with the law. This important phase of the Reformationin the Jewish Age was accomplished under the leadershipof Ezra, who, in the 7th year of Artaxerxes, Spring of468 e.c.,* left Babylon and restored the vessels to the temple(Ezra 7 : 6-). We read, also, that Ezra was well informed inthe Law of the Lord, and that he instructed the pcople, whowere from all the twelve tribes of Israel (Ezra 6 : 17 ; 8 : z5),and did a great cleansing work among them.The parallel year in the Gospel Age is 1378 A.D., a veryprominent date in the history of the Church Reformation period,*Artaxerxes began to reign in the year 474 B.C. His $11 year wouldtherefore be 468 B.c., and his 20th year 455 B.C. See Section LIX inVol. I1 of Great Pyramid Passages, which deals with the proofs thatestablish the date 455 R.C. for Artaxerxes' 20th year.116It was in 1378 A.D. that the great lZcforn~er Wycliffe left Babylollthe Great, and restored to the true Spiritual Temple class inanyprecious truths and doctrines which had for long been misappropriatedand hidden in the idolatrous Papal system.On the 27th of 'March in the Spring-time of the year 1378A.D., which was 1845 years after Ezra left Babylon with thevessels for the material temple, the pope in Avignor, died ; andimmediately there arose what is historically known as the" Great Papal Schism." The people of Rome determined toput an end to the Papal exile, .and appointed a pope in Romeas in former times. The king of France, of course, did not wantto lose his power over the Papacy, and he appointed anotherin Avignon, so that there were now two popes in office. Thesepopes naturally quarrelled, each claiming that he was the truevicar of Christ. They called one another blasphenlous names,cach accusing the other of being the Antichrist (and in this, atleast, both were correct).Wl~erl the Schism took place Wycliffe's eyes were opened tot l true ~ Babylonish character of the Papacy, and he came outas the great Doctrinal Reformer. It was not long before hesaw that the doctrine of transubstantiation was false. Thiserror takes away the true doctrine of the Ransom-sacrifice ofour Lord Jesus Christ. When Wycliffe fully realised this hebegan to instruct the Temple class; and pointed out to themthe pure Scriptural teaching on this question. He showed theinhow Jesus Christ died for sin once and for all, and that thereforesacrifices of the Mass were not only unnecessary, but blasphemous.By teaching the Temple class the truth Wycliffe'scleansing and reforming work was in exact correspoiidence withthe work of Ezra, the great Reformer of the Jewish Age.The Reformatio~z Work of Huss was Secularas well as S$iritualIt was 13 years after Ezra left Babylon that the next phaseof the Jewish Reformation took placc. Nehemiah theii receivedhis comniission to rebuild the malls of Jerusalem (Neh. 2), andat the end of the 6th month of that year the walls were finished(Neh. 6 : 15), and tllere began the period of " 69 weeks," or117

483 years, to the corning of the Messiah (Dan. 9 : 25). In thiswork of building the walls of Jerusalem Nehemiah buttressedup the national system of the Fleshly House of Israel. So,also, 13 years after Wycliffe left Babylon the Great, tlle liefornlerJohn Huss of Bohemia received his coinmission to buttress theReformation walls of Spiritual Jerusalem (liev. 21 : 2) ; forthe work of Huss made the lieformation nlovement of the GospelAge a national force, and thus helped to protect the trueSpiritual Israelites.Though it was in the early years of the 15th century up tillliis martyrdom in I415 A.D., that Huss attracted general notice,yet it was in 1391 A.D., exactly 1845 years after Nehemiah, thathe might be said to have received his commission to rebuild thewalls of Spiritual Jerusalem ; for it was in that year that Hussbecame acquainted with the works of Wycliffe. ProfessorLodge, in his Close of the Middle Ages, page 207, says : " Thesystematic teaching of Huss was for the most part derived fromthe great English teacher, John Wycliffe. It is important toremember that the Hussite movement had a secular as well asan ecclesiastical side."In Burnet's History oi the I\'eforwzation, page 9, we read :" Before the end of the 14th century Wyclii'le had extended hisline of attack to some of the special doctrines of the Westerntheology : but the movement which he began, though its effectswere evanescent in his own country, became in the hands ofmore stimulating advocates [of whom Huss was the leader] agenuine national force in Bohemia." " Huss condemnedPapacy's worldliness, its right of secular possessions, and objectedto the supremacy of the pope. The Bible, according to him,ought to be tlie sole rule ol iaill~." (See Europe igt the MiddleAges, page 539, by Thatcl-ier and Schwill).The Inrefztion 01 Printing, and the Revival of LearningBy the foregoing it is evident that there was a similarity inthe reform work of Nehemiah and Huss, and as both had anational as well as a religious aspect they each formed a goodstarting-point for the " 70 weeks " mentioned by Daniel(Dan. 9 : 24, 35. See diagram oil page 110). This period of118f-70 weelis is stated as 7 weeks, and 62 weelis, and I week. Wemay not know the exact reason for this peculiar division, butwe desire to draw attention to the fact that the 7 weeks, or 40years, point to 405 B.c., about the time of Malachi the prophet,wlio did a reforming work by exposing thc abuses of his day.In tlie Gospel Age the 7 weeks bring us to the parallel datcI440 A.D., the time of the invention of printing, which did almostmore than anything else to carry on the great work of theReformation. Referring to this factor in the Reformationmovement, Archbishop Trench in Adediaval Church History,page 423, says : " Then while abuses were never rifer, while thelives of the clergy were never fuller of scandal, while thc Papalcourt was never more venal, nor could less endure the beatingupon it of that fierce light which leaves nothing hid,-theinvention of printing (1440) multiplied a thousandfold everyvoice which was raised to proclaim an abuse or to denounce acorruption. And marching hand in hand with this wonderousinvention there was the Rcvival of Learning."The Condition of the Religious World at the First atzd SecolzdAdvevtts of Jcszts CliristThen followed the period of 6z weelis to the coming ofJesus the Messiah in Autumn 29 A.D. This period of the JewishAge is Scripturally a blank, for the historical canon of ttle OldTestament ends with Ezra and Nehemiah, and the propheticbooks with Ma.lachi. Nevertheless we know that toward theend of that period a distinct falling away in the spirit of theReformation had occurred, and that the Fleshly House of Israelhad divided broadly into two parties, one, the Pharisees,holding to the traditions of the elders, and binding themselvesfaster and faster in those traditions.The other party, the Saducees, were free-thinkers, doubtingand criticising the Bible ; they denied the resurrection, andbegan to interfere more in the world's politics. Thus when in" due time " the Messiah came to his own, we read that his ownreceived him not (John I : 11-13). TO the small remnant whodid receive him was given the wonderful privilege of beconling" Sons of God."119

During the correspontling pcriod of 62 weeks in the GospelAge, from I440 to 1874 A.D., a similar ino\~en~ent took place inNominal Spiritual Israel, misnamed Christendom. At first thegood work of reform went on, but toward the end the reformir~gspirit grew less, and during this interval two general partieswerc originated. One party held to the Bible, saying that theybclicvcd every word of it, though what they really held to wasthe traditions and creeds of the Dark Ages. Thz other party,tlle free-thinkers, began to criticise the Biblc, disbelieving greatportions of it, and dabbling in the politics of the kingdoms ofthis world.Eve11 as thc twu parties at the end of the Jewish Agccontinued after our Lord's first Advent until the great troublein the year 70 A.D. destroyed the nation ; so we have the twomain parties with us to-day, the one binding themselves morcfirmly in the traditions of the 1;athers (these are the " tares ") ;while the other is going illore and more into open infidelity(these are the higher critics, evolutionists, etc.).The result of the falling away from the spirit of theReformation was that, when our Lord camc again at his secondAdvent in 1874 AD., his own received him not; but again,those few who have received him have had the blessed privilcgcof becoming Sons of God, and hope soon to bc all joined withChrist in spiritual glory.SECTION XVwHEN Jesus Christ ascended to the Father forty daysafter his resurrection, the Scriptures declare that he" sat down " at the right hand of the majesty onIiigh, waiting till his enemies should be made his footstool(Heb. I : 3 ; 10 : 12, 13). The Apostle Peter, speaking to theassembled people, said : " And he [Jehovah] shall send JesusChrist, which before was preached unto you : whom the heavenmust retain until the times of restitution of all things " (Acts3 : 20, 21). The return of our Lord was therefore fixed byJehovah to take place at the beginning of the great Jubilee ofearth, or the " times of restitution."According to the time-prophecies and parallel Dispensations,this second Advent of Jesus Christ began in Autumn 1874 A.D.,cxactly 1845 years after his first Advent when he came as theMessiah at Jordan (See No. 8, page 25). Thc prophet Daniel,who foretold the first Advent of Messiah (Dan. 9 : 24-27), alsoforetold his second Advent in these words : (' At that time shallMichael stand up, the great prince which standeth for thechildren of thy people " (Dan. 12 : I). Michael, or Christ, thegreat Prince of Israel, who " sat down " at the right hand ofJehovah till the time when he should be " sent " to put intooperation the work of restitution, was thus to " stand up " onbehalf of his people and delivcr them from bondage, and gatherthem into their own land.At that time, also according to Daniel's prophecy, the resurrectionwas due to begin, for " illany of them that sleep in thedust of the earth shall awaltc " (Dan. 12 : 2), every man in hisown order, Christ's rnenlbcrs being the firstfr~uts (I Cor. I5 : 23 ;James I : 18). It shall be shown later how the resurrection of thei~icnlbers of the " body " of Christ is indicated in the Yyranlid.121

The prophet David lilcewise foretold of Cl~risl's coining asthe great King (Psa. 132 : 11 ; Luke I : 31-33) ; and Moses ofhis coming as the great Prophet (Lleut. IS : 15 ; Acts 3 : 20-22) ;but from the very beginning of their Age the people 01Israel expectantly looked forward to the coming of the world'sSaviour under the name of Shiloh.Drirw,~ b~ h7. Vnve/ianThe Step at the Hcad of the Grand Gallery of the Great Pyramid of Gitcli ;showing the Ramps termirrnting against tts n 7 1 th front ; and the lowpassage leading horizor~tally southward to the Ante-ChamberWhen on his death-bed, Jacob called to him his twelvesons and gave utterance to a prophecy regarding each. Themost important is that which relates to Judah : " The sceptreshall not depart from Judah, nor a law-giver from between hisfeet, until Slliloli come ; and unto liilli shall the gathering of122the people be " (Gen. 49 : 10). 'l'hus, f1.om the time of Jacob'sdeath onward, God's faithful people in both Jewish and GospelAges liave been anxiously looking forward to the Advent oftliis great Peace-maker and Deliverer.He did come, indeed, at the encl of the Age of Israel, butthe purpose of this first Advent was not for the " gatliering ofthe people." It was for the preliminary work of purchasingthe fallen race of mankind who had been condemned in Adam(Roni. 5 : 12, 18), by paying the ransom or corresponding pricefor Adam, a man's life for a man's life. It will be rememberedthat after his crucifixion, Christ's disciples expressed disappointrnentat the apparent frustration of all their hopes. (Luke24 : 21). It was not until after they received the HolySpirit that they understood how God, in his great Plan of theAges, had arranged beforehand that a certain company, the" Ante-Chamber " class, must first be selected out of the world,polished and made worthy to be associated with their Lord indelivering the people, before the kingdonl of Israel could berestored.These, the prospective meinhers of the Bride of Christ, havealso been eagerly looking forv~ard to thc promised coming ofShiloh ; and now they lcnow that he has arrived. They donot see liim with their natiural eyes ; they were expressly warnednot to expcct to see him in the flesh (Matt. 24 : 23-27). It is,with the eyes of their understanding that they discern him ;for the Lord was " put to death in the flesh but quickened[brought to life] in the Spirit " (I Pet. 3 : 18, 1c.v.). He is nowa Spirit, not discernible by any but the spiritual, those begottenof the Holy Spirit. By their study of the timc-prophecies inthe Bible, conlparing spiritual things with spiritual (I Cor.2 : 13-15), tliese spirit-begotten ones can clearly see that tllcLord has been present since Autumn 1874 A.D. (See Stzhdies illthe Scri$l~~res, Vol. 11, pages 187-190).This date 1874 A.D. when Jesus Christ was due to " standup " to assume Kingly control, is indicated by the line of thenorth wall of the syn\bolical King's Cllanlbcr in the followingway : Taking thc " l'oint of Intcrscction," where the FirstAscending Passage leaties tlie Descending Passa.ge, as markingtlie date when the twelve sons of Jacob fomlded the twelve223'

tribes of Israel (Gen. 49 : zS), thus setting apart a people wholooked forward to the coming of Shiloh according to promisc, andmeasuring from this point up the floors of the First AscendingPassage and Grand Gallery to the front of the Step, and thenfrom the north edge of the Step to the north wall or entranceof thc liing's Chamber, it will be found that the Icing's Chamberindicates tl~e date of the Second Advent of Jesus Christ, 1874 A.U.(The actual Pyramid-inch measurement, as indicated in thcdiagram, is 3687 -105 +. This corresponds to the period of3687 years from Jacob's death in 1813 KC., to 1874 A.D., takingthese two dates as whole numbers.)Since Christ's return in 1874 he has been engaged as Chieflicaper in the harvest work of gathering the whcat (thc saints)into the garner, and binding the tares (professing Christians), inbundles ready to be burned as tares, i.~., to be inanifested asnot true Cllristians. Soon Satan will be coinpletely bound,and the kingdoms of this world coixyletely overthrown in thegreat time of trouble which began as foretold in 1914 A.D. ;and Christ's reign will eventually bring in everlasting peace.SECTION XVITHE election of the members of Christ began after thedeath and resurrection of Jesus, and not before ; forJesus himself, referring to John the Baptist, said thatthough there were none greater born of woman, nevertheless theleast in the Kingdom of heaven would be greater than John( a t IT : I ). This was because John the Baptist died beforethe inauguration of the Church at Pentecost. Stephen themartyr was tlie first member of the " body " to lay down hislife ; and thenceforward throughout the Gospel Age one memberafter another fell asleep in death, waiting for their resurrectionat the return of Jesus Christ their " Head."This is the class who, up to the time of their death, have allbeen taught of God in the " School of Christ," represented inthe Pyrarnid by the Ante-Chamber (John 6 : 44, 45). Theymight be termed the " Ante-Chamber " class ; and we think itproper to expect that the date of their resurrection, when theywere due to be ushered into the presence of their " Forerunner,"should be indicated by the extreme south end-wall of thischamber. On calculation it will be found that this is so. Onrstudy of the time-prophecies in the Bible has revealed the factthat the date of this important event was Spring 1878 A.D.According to Jeremiah (16 : 18), Zechariah (g : g, IZ), andIsaiah (40 : 2, n~argin), the Gospel Age is the " double " of theJewish Age (See No. 6, page 25), that is to say, the period duringwhich the nation of Israel was cast off as a people from God'sfavour, exactly equalled in length the period when they enjoyedthis favour.Each of these Ages began on the death of its founder. Onthe death of Jacob (Israel) the founder of the Fleshly house of125

Israel, the Patriarchal Age ended and the Age of Israel began(Ccn. 49 : 2, 28, 29) ; and on the death of Christ the founder ofihc Spiritu~liou5c of 151ae1, (;ad's favo~u- was withclra~vn froilltlic l'lcshly housc and givrn to ilrc Spirilnal honse.Tlie Scriptural proof that the " cloublc " of disfavouir to theFleshly house oi Israel began at the death of Christ is clear.was due to begin, was that on which our 1.ord rode intoJcrusalcm sealccl on an ass- coinparc Zccli. 9 : 9 with Luke19 : 28-44, and notc the piopl~ccy of Ihc " shout," and ourLord's reference to it in the 40th verse in Luke's gospel-thusparticularly must prophecy be fulfilled.7 he t111er1ty one rnch qpace beheen !he norlh (left) wall, and the Sranile Leaf(right), in the Anle-Chamber of the Greal Pyramid of Sizeh ;showing the first granile floor-done to the rightIt was five days before his crucifixion that Jesus, wceping overJerusalem, pronounced the sentence : " Behold, your house isleft unto you desolate " (Matt. 23 : 35). Tllere is additionallythc testimoily of Zechariah (9 : 12)-" Evcn to-day do I declarethat 1 will render doublp unto thce." The context of thisprophecy shows that the " day " referred to, when the " double "I 26Tlle soulh wall of /he Anle-Chamber in the G'reat Pyrnmid of Gizeh ; showing111.5 four deep grooves which divide /he wall info fiue equal spoc~s:also /he low pasiage which leads southward lo /he King's ChamberAs Jacob's death occurred in Spring 1813 B.C. (Sec. 11) andChrist's death in Spring 33 A.D., the total duration of the JewishAge, the period of God's favour to the Fleshly house of Israel,was exactly 1845 years. Accordingly, the " double " of disfavour,beginning in Spring of 33 A.D. must have ended in1878 A.D., 1845 years later. It was in that year, at the famous127

Rerlirc Corcgress nf Nations, in which a Jew, Lord Beaconsfield,took the leading part, that the condition of the Hebrews thenresiding in I'alestiue was greatly anleliorntcd.But each of these dates, 33 and 1878 &.I>., was signalised byan event of even greater importance than the loss and returnof favour to Fleshly Israel. The first witnessed the resurrectionof the Lord Jesus, the Head of the Christ, and the othcr theresurrection of the sleeping saints, the Body of Christ. Thelast members of the Church who. are alive and remain on theearth during the short period since 1878, carry out their vow ofconsecration unto death ; but, unlike those who died in theLord prior to 1878, they will not have any interval of unconsciousnessor sleel, ; the momei-it of their death will be themoment of their resurrection change.This is the class referred to by Pat11 when he declared :" Behold, I show you a mystery [secret] ; We shall not all sleep[lie unconscious in death], but we shall all be changed, in amoment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump "(I Cor. 15 : 51, 52). The last or seventh trump is the proclamationof the tidings of the Lord's return. John the Rcvelatoralso wrote of this class and called them blessed. Describingthe time when the Gospel harvest would begin, he stated:" Rlcssed are thc dead which die in the Lord fvam henceforth ;Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their laboms,and their works do follow them " (Rev. 14 : 13).Seeing, therefore, that it is by the calculation of the " double "that the date of the resurrectioli of tl~e r~lernbers of C111.ist'sBody is made known, the south wall of the Ante-Chamberwhich marks this ,date should, properly, be the end of a timemeasurementindicating the " double." The Ante-Chamberclass are those who, through their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ,fulfil the Divine Law of God, as the Apostle says : " That therightcousncss of thc law ntight be fz~lfilled in zts, who walk notafter the flesh [as did the Jews], bt~t after the Spirit," that is,those who having been begotten to the spirit nature, mind thethings of the Spirit (Rom. 8 : 4).Now, as the express symbol of the Law of God in the GreatPyramid is the Granite Plug, we could not suggest a moreappropriate starting-point than this for the particular time-128mmsnren1cnt now nndcr consi~lm-,rtion. T ~III~, ac- in thc fornlrrcase where the Grdnite l'lug recluired to Iji. recognivxl wl~cncalculating the time-period of the Law Dispensation, dnringwhich the Fleshly Israelites endeavoured to gain life by theworks of the TAW kvitho~it faith, so he~e also, whcn dealingwith the Spiritual I\raelitrs who, without works, establish thisLaw through faith in Cllri\I during 1;leshly Israel's " double "of disfavom (Rorn. 3 . 28-31), we require to take the Pyramid'ssymbol of the Divine Law Into accountCommencing at the lower 01 1101th end of the Granite Plug,and nleas~iiing up along thc floors ol tlie Firit AscendingI'assage and Grand Gallery to the Step, thcn Irom the nortlledge of the Step into the soutl~ end-wall of the Ante-Chamber,11 will 1~ founcl, after adding to this n~easure~nent the lcngthof the Granite 1'111g itself (as in Section VIII), that tl~c. totalnnn1ht.r of Pyranlicl inches corresponds to thr. period of years ofthe Jewish Age ar~d its " double." (As thr Age oS T\rael was~845 years, as shown in No 6, page 25, tl~c (' I)or~ble " is nlso1845 years, innking a total of 3690 gears. The total number olPyramid inches in the measmt.men t hr~ e euplained, and asshown in t h diagram, ~ i~ 3690.122 t )J'IZQ

The Ante-Clzan2,ber and the 144,000 OvercomersThe final part of the above-mentioned total Pyramid-inchmeasul-e~nent, is the horizontal distance from the front, north,edge of the Step southward to the south wall of the Ante-Chamber. In t11e diagram this hori~ontal distance is given as229.198 + inches, which we tabc to be tl~c standard n~easllrefor this section of tllc buildillg. Within I~rnits, however, othermeasures are possiblc. Taking a n~easure which is less than a60th part of an inch short of the standard, uc find, by a recognisedPyramid proportion, a signal confirmation of thc symbolicalmeaning attached to the l~ttle Ante-Chamber.The number of those who " follow the Lamb whithersoeverhe goeth " is said by thc Revelator to be 144,000 (See Rev.I4 : 1-4). As the Ante-Chamber class, instructed in the Schoolof Christ, the 144,000 overcomers of the Gospel Age are " sealed "in their foreheads with the necessary knowledge to enable themto co-operate with their Lord and Master in the Kingdom work(Rev. 7 : 3, 4). They were called to joint-heirship with God'sdear Son during the Gospel Age, represented in the Pyramid bythe Grand Gallery. But before they could bc sealed in theirforeheads with the full intellectual knowledge rcquired to servetheir heavenly Father acceptably, they had to bow downsubmissively to the Divine will, as illustrated in the Ante-Chamber by the Granite Leaf, under which one must bow beforethe full freedom of the Ante-Chamber can be enjoyed. (See thecompanion book : The Great Pymnzid : Its Spiritz~al Symbolism.)Therefore, in view of the symbolical meaning of all of thispart of the Great Pyramid, it may be said that the entirellorizontal floor-line from the north edge of thc Step at the headof the Grand Gallery, into the south end of the Ante-Chamber,pertains to, and represents, the 144,000 followers of Christ. Itis confirmatory to find that the number of Pyramirl inches inthis horizontal line indicates, by a proportionate method ofcalculation characteristic of the Pyramid, the actual number ofthe overcomers. For if we take an even IOO times this measurein inches as representing the mdius of n circle, we shall find thatthe length of the circumference of the circle is precisely 144,000inchcs. (The horizontal distance in this case is 229~183~18 k .)SECTION XVIITHAT the Grand Gallery represents the " walk " of thespirit-begotten of the Gospel Age, that is, the 144,000overcomers who " follow the Lamb whithersoeverhe goeth " (See Revelation 14 : I-5), is borne out by thesymmetrical proportion in which the special angle of theascension of this passage's floor-line is particularly recognised.The factor in this feature, which makes possible theindication of the number 144,000, is the number 6. Just as 10is the complete number, 7 the perfect number, 5 the Pyramid'ssacred number, 4 the square number, so the number 6 alsohas its symbolical significance, namely, imperfection, whenit pertains to man in his fallen state.But the number 6, from another standpoint, also denotesthe Word of God ; for the measuring " reed " spoken of inEzekiel and Revelation, 6 cubits long, by which the temple ofGod was measured, is known to symbolise the Scriptures, thestandard by which the " temple " class, or the people of God,are measured. But even in this symbolical meaning the number6 pertains to man, because the Word of God was written byholy men of old, called holy because of their faith in God, whowere moved by the Holy Spirit ; and it was written on behalfof fallen men. Tl~e body-members of Christ, the 144,000 whoovercome the world and the flesh by the Word of God, were,as the Apostle declares, " children of wrath even as others."When Nebuchadnezzar set up his golden image in the plainol Uura, which image is understood to have been a represcniationof the great image of a man seen by him in his dream(Daniel z : 31 ; 3 : I), he chose for its height 60 cubits, and itsI>re:~dth 6 cubits. .4nd in the Book of Revelation, the " number01' :I ilran " spoken of in the 18th chapter is Goo, plus 60, plus 6.M.111, :~c.c,o~,tling to the commandment of the Lord, was to1.31

" lshoiir " for 6 tlnys ant1 rest the 71:11. The land of Israel wasto l)c tillcd ;mtl lrwvcsted for man's nse din-illg 6 years, ant\ torest tllc 7th. For 6000 years ruatiltind has 1a.boured under sinand ctegradation, waiting for thc advent of their Saviour- aridKing in t11e 7th 1000-YFAT ~triod.l.n a.scendirlg ihc sl~r-p Hoor of Ihr Grant1 Ciallrry, spealcingirl, a figl.~r;iti ~ 6 stII:;r, : the :;pi1 it-11rgot fen prop]' iiri-rc.oliletile wenlincsses of i:lw flesh, rind llecolne gradually more liketheir 1,oril antl hlastcr Jesus Cllrist. 1t is through ttie sacrificeof their hnn~anity, walking in tl~r fool.stt:ps of their forcrnunrr,illat they ultimately attain Ill(: spirit: r-~nl-ure, and inherit tl-I?'IGngdom wi tl-I Chist.In the Great Pyra~ni

the supervision of C:hrist, complete govel-ning power in theKingdom, each having his own part to do (Lultc 19 : 10-19).find that tile cliagonal of this square inclicatcs the 1915-ycarperiod betwcen the birth of Christ, and tllc year 1q14 A.U. Forthe length of this diagonal is, practically, 1915 inches. (Thcprecise length is 1914.92" + inches.)This diagonal-length agrees very closely with the floorlengthbetwcen the point on thc floor of t h ~ First AscendingPassage that inarks the ddte of Christ's birth, 2 B.c., and thcupper floor-end of the Grand Gallery wh~ch marks the dateDiagram Illustrating the Geometrical, and Mathematical,Connection between the Numbers144,000 and 1 9 1 5Area of the Circle = 144,000 x 1 0Diameter of the Circle,i.c.. Side-Length of the Square= 1345.0550t-Diagonal of the Square = 19 14.9229 t ( Practically 191 5 )A 19 15-Year IndicationFurthermore, if the diameter of the above-mentioned circlebe regarded as the side-length of a square (that is, a square,each side of which is exactly 1354.0550 4 inches in length), weI34I914 A.D.Therefore there is, by this proportionate featurc, adirect connection between the area of the circle that reprcscntsthe 144,000 overcomers, and the floor-length terminating at theupper end of the Grand Gallery which is 1915 inch-years. Forwhile the precise standard length of this inclincd floor-line is,as already shown, 1915.0538 + inches, and the length of thediagonal spoken of is 1914.92" -+ , the differerlcc is only aboutan 8th of an inch, and therefore thc slightly shorter lengthis well within the limits of the practical measures sf this floor.135

Consistently with all that has been written regarding thecompleting of the membership of the body of Christ, the " feet "inembers still doing their necessary part while still in the flesh,and the beginning of Christ's reign over earth since 1914 a.1).when, legally, the rulership of the kingdoms of this world terminated,and therefore sincc which date the Kingship of theworld has passcd fi-om their hands to the Christ, as we read :" And there were voices in heaven saying, ' The kingdom of thisworld is becoine the kingdom of our Lord, and of his Christ ;and he shall reign for cver and ever ' " (Revelation II : 15),we find still another convincing feature in the Great Pyramidwhich indicates the nunlber of the 144,000 with the period of the" Seven Timcs " which ended in 1914 A.D. For before He whoscright it is could take to himself his Kingdom-rule, the lease ofpower to the lringdoms of this world had to run its coursc,that is, the complete period of the " seven times of the Gentiles,"the 2520 years from 606 B.C. to 1914 A.D., had to be accomplished.Besides recognising the number of the 144,000, and thenumber of years in the times of the Gentiles, 2520, the proportionatefeature we now present also recognises the two levelsin the Pyramid which symbolise the human and spirit natures,namely, the floor-levels of thc Quccn's and Icing's Chambers.As we have noted, the 144,000 required to leave the humannature before they could attain to the high spirit nature.The ~roportion is connected with a rectangle, thc four sidesof which are : the two floor-levels referred tv, and the twovertical lincs of the north and south walls of the Grand Gallery.That is to say, the lines of the two end-walls of the Gallerywhere they touch the floor of that passage, are produced upwardand downward vertically, till they rca-c'h the produced floorlevelsof the Icing's and Queen's Chambers. The length of thisdefinitely-indicated rectangle is, therefore, equal to the horizonta.1length of the Graiid (.;allery, that is, 1686.7882 I-Pyramid inches. 'The height is equal to the vcrtical distallcebetween the two floor-lines of the two chambers, already statedto be 855.2032 i- Pyramid inches.With this length and height, the area of the rectangle is1364jpage 197, etkt nth naae)a fsah Lap, B- 5th f rf3a feat a %QP 7 'ma& TQfound to be 1,442,546-88 square Pyramid inches. Now, by a.characteristic Pyramid method of calculating, this total ofsquare inches contai~~s the following three numbers : It (1)contains 10 times 144,000 ; and (2) the nulnber 2520 representingthe " Seven Tiines " ; plus (3) a rerllainder which, whenl~lultiplied by the perfcct nmnber 7, yields the precise length ofthe Grand Gallcry. For the remainder is 26.88, and thisinultiplied by 7 equals 1881.6, the Grand Gallery length.The measures used for tl~c sizc of this rectangle arc thc)scalready used in all the dilnensional features referred to in thisbouk, and in tl~c Scientific book. They all fit in harrlion~ouslywith each other both as nicaslues, and as symbols ; for tllesy~liholical nieaning ascribed to cach part of the I'yramid, andt he~r dirrae~~sions, are consistently recog~lised.'he fact th:~t thc tolal aiea of the lectangle i~lcludes thatlittle ainount extra which agrees wit11 thc G~and Gallery lcngthwhen ~nultiplicd by 7, emphasiscs ttlc sylnbolism which connectsthe 144,000 with the Grand Gallery. And the inclusion in thearea of the " Seven Times " indication, points once again to theiinpor tance of the 1914 A.D. date, the momentous year whichwitnessed thc close of that long period of 2520 years.I37

SECTION XVlIIAS an added corroboration that tfie upper, virtual, tloorendof the Grand Gallery inarks the date 1914 A.L).,we find that this point is the terminal of anotherstraight-lined measurement of I915 inches, representing the1915 years between the birth of the Man Christ Jesus, and theend of the period of the times of the Gentiles in 1914 A.D., whenhe exercised his Divinely conferred right and assumed Kinglyauthority as earth's new (invisible) Ruler.In this harmonious dimensional feature the starting-pointof the straight-lined measurement is the Pyramid's Socketlevelbase line. The date of the birth of earth's future Icing maybe regarded as appropriately indicated by the Socket four~dationof the Great Pyramid ; for the definite fulfilment of all tliepromises of God, and the prophecies, relating to the Kingdomand its Spiritual Ruler, all of which are so beautifully embodiedin the wonderful edifice which stands so firmly on its roclcfoundation,began at that date, as we read: " For unto us achild is born, unto us a son is given : and the government shallbe upon his shoulder : and his name shall be called Wonderful,Counsellor, the Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, the Princeof Peace. Of the increase of his government and peace thereshall b& no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom,to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justicefrom henceforth cven for ever. The zeal of the Lorcl of hostswill perform this " (Isaiah g : 6, 7).The vertical distance in incl~es between the Socket-levelhase, a11d the virtual floor-end of the upper terminal of the GrandGallery, is too short to directly agree with the period betweenJesus' birth and 1914 AD. This vertical distance is 1723.6268 +Pyramid inches. But by an ingenious method, in which the138length of the Grand Gallcry is rccogniscd, the rcc111iled ilumberof inches is symmetrically yieldcd by tfie height of the Gallery'supper floor-end above the Socket base, to within less than a3rd of an inch of the exact 1915.This method is as follows : The vertical distance separatingthe level of the upper floor-end of the Grand Gallery (i.e., the1914 A.D. date-level), and the Socket-level, is the length ofa rectangle. The width of this rectangle is the same numberof inches as the vertical height of the Grand Gallery, tliusrecognising the length of the Gallery and the angle of its ascent,and also, by association, recognising the symbolical meaningof this passage in its representation of the Gospel Age, whichbegan at the first advent of the Lord Jesus Christ, and ends athis second advent.It is the diagonal of the definitely-fixed rectangle detailedabove, which agrees in length with the period of years inquestion ; for with a length of 1723.6268 +, and a width of833.7616 + , inches, the rectangle has a diagonal-length of1914 6926 +, or barely a 3rd of an inch less than the precise1915 inches. (The width of 833.7616 + inches is the exactvertical height of the Grand Gallery. And this width, also,when inultiplied by an even, round, 100-thmsand, is the sameexactly as the number of square inches in the area of theSocket-level square base of the whole Pyramid.) The diagonal-I39

length of 19x5 inches, iicarly, is therefore appropriately relatedto all thc dimensions of tl~c bldlding, besides being still anotherconviiicing proof of the accuracy of thc 1914 AD. date for thcbegiililing of Christ's reign of righteousness.Alzother I7zdicatiout ofthe 1914 A.D. UaleWc have noted already the importance of definite nuinbcrs,such as 7, 10, etc., in the scientific calculations of thc GreatPyramid ; for the proportionate featu~es of the monument arcessentially based upon numbers, all of which have theirindividual significance. We find that the number 9 enterslargely into the building's symmetrical indications, sometimesas a multiplying, or dividing, number, and sometimes as anumber to be added to, or subtracted from, any given total.It is only by the adoption of this method of multiplying, dividing,adding, and subtracting, with 1-ecognised numbers, that so manycorroborations of the chronological and scientific features can beseen to be contained in the Great Pyramid. As we have pointedout before, this method is proved to be an integral part of theproportionate systcm that binds all the dimensions of thebuilding harmoniously together. It is the frequency withwhich the Pyramid's proportions show that this mathematicalmethod may be rightly used, and the minute accuracy of theresults of the calculations, that prove its intentional nature.Taking the length of the above-mentioned rectangle, thatis, the direct vcrtical distance between the Socltet-level base andthe 1914 A.11. date-level (as marked by the virtual floor--end oftlic i113per tcrmina.1 of the Grand Gallery), we find that thisindicates the 1915-year period by another calculation, in whichthe ilumbers 5) and :lo enter as factors : For ~o times the directvcrtical rlistar~ce of 1723.6268 .I-, when divided hy g, yields thefigure rgq .14o -I-, thus again presenting the thought of thcdate of Christ's birth, 2 B.c., being conilected with thefoundational line of the Pyramid, and of the date of his entryas King over Israel and the world, 1914 A.D., being connectedwith the level of the building which is fixed by the upper virtualfloor-terminal of the symbolical Grand Gallery.140The 14.4,000, and the 2915-Year .PeriodThe significance ol the two features that proporlionntelycoiroborate the outstanding period of 191s yeais betweeri oilrT.ordJs birth, and the date rqrq A T). wllen lie a\snnled his powera.; King over a11 tl~ eaith, 1s ac,crnt~~'itrri when it r i seen thatthe exact length, :lnd width, of, tllr let t~iiglr to which we havereferred, glveil to that rec-t~ngle an ;Ilea ol srl~l~ extr~~t, tllatwhen irt konrtl in squaie Pyram~d inc,lies it il~tlicares thenumber of the. Overcorners of the C;osptll Age, ruitl the periodof 2915 years frorn Chri\tls birth to the end of the Millenn~al1 eign. These inclicalions, like illany similar ones, are 1 lotdirect, I,ut proportionate ; and the factors g and IO are rccluiredin the calculations :As explained, the length of the rectangle is the verticalheight of the 1914 A.D. date-level above the Pyramid's Socketlevelbase, namely, 1723 6268 +, while the width is the sameas the vertical height of the Grand Gallery, 833.7616 +, iriches.With this length and width, the area of the rectangle is foundto be, to within about a 40th part of an inch, 1,437,094 squareinches. When we deduct from this area g inches, we get theremainder 1,437,085.Now this remainder of 1,437,055 square inches is short ofan even 10 times 144,000 lo the extent of 2915 inches. Or, inother words, if we add to the remainder of 1,143,085 the iluinber2915, and divide the sum by 10, we get 144,000, Just as the144,000 overcomers are identified with the 1915-year period,a\ shown elsewhere, so they are also identified with the 291.5-year period ; for they reign mlth Christ for the 1000 yc~llsfollowing the inauguration of the Kingdorn in 1914 A D , the" feet " members talting their part in this Kingdom work whilc

The Rectangle, and its Close Indication of theDuration of the Solar Tro9ical YearStill another harnlonious feature related to the dimensionsof the rectangle spoken of in this Section, shows that theparticular year which is represented by the inch-measuresconnected with it, is the solar tropical year, which is also thehistorical year. For these dimensions agree with the durationof tlie solar tropical year, by a proportion in which the perfectnumber 7 is required as a factor, as well as the number 10.The agreement is correct to within less than a 1000th part ofa day in the full year.If we deduct from 10 times the sum of the length and widthof the rectangle the perfect number 7, the remainder is equalin inches to the number of days in 70 solar tropical years. Inthe Scriptures the number 7 is specially connected with time,as previously noted. (The sum of 10 times the length andwidth of the rectangle, minus 7, equals 25,566.8850+, whilethe number of days in 70 solar tropical years is 25,5669539 t.The tliiference is eo688 + oi an inch in the measurement.)PSECTION XIXROFESSOR C. PIAZZI SMYTH'S opinion regarding the"basement-sheet" of the Descending Passage (See page SS),namely, that its present north-beglnnmg was designedby the ancient Architect to form an integral part of the Pyramid'ssynlbolical system, receives strong support by the mathematicalcslculations presented in the companion book, The Great Pymmid:Its Scientific Features, pages 94-100. We arc not surprised tofind that the important date of the flood is accurately indicatedat this Entrance part of the Pyramid ; for tlie DescendingPassage appropriately represents the downward course of the" Present Evil World " which began when the " Old World "was destroyed by the waters of the deluge, and which will endin the fiery trouble symbolised by the Subterranean Chaniberor Pit (z Pet. 3 : 6, 7).Professor C. Piazzi Smyth was the first to exprcss the beliefthat the Entrance must, by some method, commemorate thedeluge ; and in Vol. I11 of his Life and Work at the Great Pyramid,he shows by astronomical calculations that the coincidence ofceitain stellar signs (Draconis and Aquarius) on the meridionalline of the passage, points in a general way to the time of theflood. Professor Smyth confessed, however, that owing to thewidely divergent opinions of accredited chronological authorities(whose findings he quotes), he was unable to decide on the exactdate of the flood, and that his views must thus be tal- \en asapproximate only. We have stated the grounds for our confidencein the authenticity of the original Hebrew text of the oldTeqtarnent ; and from this we are enabled to fix the date as2472 B-c.-See the Bible dates in Section 11.It might be asked: How is it possible to satisfactorilyprox7e that the Bntranrr of the Pyramid was intcrldcd to indicateI13

the flood-date ! We hold that the wonderful fitness of tliesymbo1ic;~l featurcs of the Pyramid, and tllc cxact harmoniousco-relationship of all tllc time-measurements, are sufficientproofs of intention ; even as we recognise that the beautifulllaririo~ly of the nnrnrrons time and other featiires of theScriphtvcs, is an i:vidence of pre-arrangement or1 the part of itsDlvint: Auttior. When we find, therefore, that the conlmencemel~tof the roof of the Ilescending Passage (01: that part of theroof which is rlirecily and scliiarely opposite the north-beginningof the " basement-sheet ") indicates the date of tlie flood in anumber of important time-measurenlents, we are assured thatthis indication was specially designed 1,y the great Mijst~r-Blri1dt.r.---See tlir diagram on page 97.The T;lood, and Christ's Baptism, Scri~turally connectedThere is a chroilological parallel between the flood andChrist's baptism, which, according to the Apostle Peter (I Pet.2 : 20, 21) are related to one another as type and antitype(See No. 8 on page 25). The complete period of years betweenthe beginning of the typical flood, and the beginning of the antitypicaloutpouring of the Holy Spirit, is corroborated by ncorresponding Pyramid-inch time-measurement.We have already proved that the date of Chrisl's baptismis indicated by that point on the level of the Queen's Chamberfloor (the Plane of Human Perfection) which is vertically in linewith tlie Grand Gallery nor111 wall. If we measure northwardlrom this point horizontally to the floor of the First AscendingPassage (See diagram, page 142), then down the inclined floorlineto the " Point of Intersection," and from thence upwardtoward the Entrance of the Pyramid, we shall find that the pointon the floor of the Descending Passage which is vertically inline with the roof-commencement, indicates the clate of thel.){qinning of the flood, 24739 B.C. (See diagram, page 97).Thus the Pyramid, like the Scriptures, indicates a connectionhetween the flood, and the immersion with the Holy Spirit.(Tn this time-measurement the beginning of the flood is indicated,although the vertical " Flood-line," shown in the diagram onpage 97, also indicates the date of the drying-up of the flood144"'a year later---Compare Gen. 7 : 11, with 8 : I;, 14. Tlic pcriodfrom the beginning of the flood, to the baptism of Christ whenthe Holy Spirit first began to be poured out, is, therefore, a littleunder 2502 years. The precise total of Pyramid inches in thclileasurement detailed above, and as shown in thc diagrams, is:2501.9045 +.--See also footnote on page 63).The anointing of Jesus in Autumn of 29 A.n. was the beginningor the antitypical baptism of the Holy Spirit, .cvhich willultirnately " submerge " the whole world, as the Apostle intimatedwhen he quoted Joel : " And it shall come to pass in the last(lays, saith God, I will pour out of my spirit upon all flesh."The fact that the date of Jesus' baptism is indicated at tllccommencen~ents of the Grand Gallery and Horizontal Passagc,well illustrates Joel's prophecy and the Apostle's application ofit, namely, that in " those days " of the Gospel Age, symbolisc~lby the Grand Gallery, the Lord's " servants and handm:lidcns "would have the Holy Spirit pourecl upon them ; and tliat" aftelwards " the " sons and daughters " of thc Secoricl Ad;~mduring the time of the New Covenant (symbolised by thcHorizontal Passage to the Queen's Chamber),. would also haveGocl's Holy Spirit poured upon them. (Acts 2 : 16-18.)This time-measurement, therefore, which connects theIxginning of the Descending Passage with the beginning of theIiorizontal Passage, contrasts Noah the father of the " PrcsciltEvil World," with Christ the " Everlasting Father " of the" World to come wherein dwelleth righteousness."NOTE : The lneasurc of 23.362 l'j.raf?zid inches show11 in thc dingramon page 97, ,i.e., the floor-distance bet~veen thc north cdgc of Ll~eDescending Passage " basement-sheet " and the vertical " Flood-line," isbased 11po11 the right-angled, transverse, height of the Descending IJassr~3?roof above the floor, in this case taliru lo be 47.2648 -t Pyramid ilzclr~s,and upon the correct theoretical downward angle of 26" 18' 9".7 lor thepassage. According to the measilres of Professor C. Piazzi Sn~ytll, aspublished in his Vol. TI of LiJc a~zd IVork, thc transverse height ol thcIkscending Passage is Iron1 47.0928 t , to -17.27'6 +, I'yrariiid i?zckes.Tn thc First Ascending Passagc just above thc upper end of the GranitePlug, the mean transverse height of the roof above the Roor is 4'7.2493 i -Pyvalaid i?zci~es. We believe that slight variations in measure, withinnarro.rv limits, were intended, as wc have found ill other measure(1 partsof the building.F< 2r 4.5

SECTION XXwHILE the roof-commencement of the DescendingPassage indicates the date of the flood, whichinaugurated the " Present Evil World," Adam's" day " of condemnation, in which the cvorld was started on itsdownward course to destruction, is indicated by the -floorcommencement,i.e., the north edge of the " basement-sheet."In the Pyramid's symbolical time-measurements these twoindications are consistently recognised throughout.When God pronounced the sentence of condemnationagainst Adam, saying: " In the day that thou eatest thereof,thou shalt surely die " (Gen. 2 : 17), we must not understandthat the " day " referred to was one of 24 hours, for accordingto the record of Adam's death, he had lived for 930 years. Theharmony of the time-parallels, shown on pages 24 and 25,warrants our clai~n that this " day " of condemnation was athousand years long (2 Pet. 3 : 8).In consequence of Adam's disobedience against the Divinecommand, the whole race of mankind has been born in sin,and all are condemned to die, as the Apostle says : " by oneman sin entercd into the world, and death by sin : and so deathpassed upon all Inen " (liorn. 5 ; 12). In the symbolism of theGreat Pyramid, the human race is represented as labouringdown the steep Descending Passage on the way to the Pit ofdestruction, because of the condemnation passed upon theirfederal head on that " day " in which he sinned. The date ofthe end of this 1000-year " day " is, therefore, appropriatelyindicated by thc north edge of the "basement-sheet " in anumber of time-measurements. (See diagram, page 97.)To understand the application of the present time-measuremmt,cve must remember that, had Adam not disobeyed his146Creator, the Bible would not have required to be written, northe corroborating Pyramid to he built ; for the Bible is a recordof God's plan for man's redemption. In symbol, Adam andEve are represented as standing on the solid rock enjoying thefull uninterrupted light of heaven, haviilg nothing between themand their Maker. Immediately after the transgression they werecast out of this light and entered the darkness of sin and death,represented by the dark Descending Passage in the interior ofthe Pyramid.Toward the end the end of the " day " of condemnationAdam died ; and his children, born in degradation and powerlessto retrace their steps, had perforce to continue on the downwardway. The lower they descended the darker bccame their path,until there was bale1 sufficienl illunlination to remind then1 ofthc great light and freedom once enjoyed by father Adam.When they passed the bend at the lower end of the passage,they lost even that little trace of light, and weie compelled togo on in complete darkness till they fell into the Pit of death.The Entrance to the downward passage is situated a( o~~\itlcrablc distancc ahovc. thc rock-has(: of thr l)~~ildi~lg. T11is117

distance was not fixed in a haphazard way by tllc Archit-ect, aswe have noticed, but was so arranged, that the period of Adam's1000-year " day " is indicated in thc following way : by themeasurement from the levelled rock-base up the inclined faceof the casing to the ancient Entrance, th~ndown the now missingportion of the Descending Passage to the north edge of tlic" basement-sheet . " (The total nunnber of Pyramid inches intl~is measurement, as shown in the diagram, is rooo ,1810 + .)Adam's 930 Years Sho?e~.e,ll by the PyramidAccording to the stateme~lt of the Bible, the exact age ofAdam at death mas 930 years, or just 70 years short of the full1000. This difference of 70 years is corroborated in the Pyramidby the difference between the two inclined heights of (I) theancient floor-beginning, and (2) the north edge of the " bascn~cntshcet,"of the Descending Passage above the natural rock-levcl.Thc second one of these two inclined heigtits is taken along aline which is exactly parallel to the first one, i.e., parallel tothe casing-stone surface. The precise difference betu.een thesctwo inclined measures is 70.0917 + Pyramid iflches. Thusthc north cdgc of the " basement-sheet " lnarlis both tllccnd of Atlain's 1000-ycar " (lay " of condemnation, and tllcdate of llis actual tlcnth ;~t (130 yc;irs of age: ((;en. 5 : 5).IEntrance of the Pyramid.SECTION XX1N his 5th Edition of Our Inhevitance in the Great Yymfnid, pagc296, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth draws attention to the four" angular " stones which lie conspicuously above theHe demonstrates that their purposcwas evidently to monumentalise the 7r (Pi) angle of the sidesof the building, viz. : 51" 51' 14~I.3, but does not suggest areason why this clomina~lt angle of the Pyramid should beparticularly indicated at the Entrance. (Diagram, page 88.)We suggest the follo\ving as being a possible symbolical reason :The great " angular " stones preserve, by their inclinationtoward each other, the scientific 7r angle 03 the Pyramid's foursides. They thus seem to say, in figurative language, that atone time a perfect Pyramid stood here at the Entrance of thcDescending Passage. As the apex of the inside angle formedbetween the two sets of inclined stones is in line, nearly, withtlic level of the Queen's Chamber floor, this perfect pyramidwould represent Adam, who was created a perfect man.111 the Sci-iptures, Jesus Christ is likened to the head cornerstoneof a pyramid, of which the great stone Pyrainid in Egyptis a synlbol (Psa. 118: 12 ; Matt. 21 : 42). It is therefore quitcin accord with the Scriptures, and with the Pyramid's corroborativesymbolisms, to liken Adam, who in certain aspects was atype of Christ, to a small perfect pyramid standing on the levclof the Queen's: Chamber floor, immediately above the Entrailccto the passage dov711 which he afterwards is represented asfalling in consequence of his disobedience. Now, tihe directvertical distance between the north edge of the " basementsheet" of the Descending Passage, and ttie level of the Queen'sChamber floor, is exactly a 25th of the complete vertical heightof the whole Pyramid. (This vertical distance is 232.5201 +I49

l'yrn~tzid inclzcs, aiicl is ;LII ~xact 25tll 1);li.t of tlie 1~111 Soc:lietto-apesvertical height of the building, i.r., 51313.0101 -t.)We have seen that, in his fallen state, Adam is representedat the end of his 1000-year " day " of condeinnation, standingat the north cdgc of the " basement-sheet." Thus, tlie littlepyramid, now reckoned as having fa.llen like Adam from theQueen's Chamber floor-level down to the " basement-sheet," itsapex just touching the linc above which symbolises the I'lane ofHuman Perfection, represents Adam at the full end of his1000-year " day" losing all llold upon his at one--time perfect11ulnan state, a.nd falling into tlic, Ucsccnding Passage conditionof death (See the diagram).The fact that Adam is represented by a pyramid which isan exact 25th the size of the Great Pyramid, may explain thereason for the Queen's Chamber being situated at the 25thmasonry course of the building. This seems to be the Pyramid'smethod of corroborating the Scriptural dcclaration, that Adamwas made in the image of his Creator, and that he was the earthlytype of the Spiritual Adam (Rom. 5 : 14)) Christ, who is syinbolisedby the whole Great Pyramid.As the pyramid rc.yresenting Adam is a 25th of the size ofthe whole Pyramid, it follows that the dimensions of the latterin cubits is exactly reprod~~ccd in irlches in the little model ;for a cubit equals 25 inches. The number of iiiches in the baselengthof the little pyramid is 365 .Z~'J, i.~, tlie same as thenumber of days in tlie solar year.ADAM, and the Man Christ Jesus, arc the only two wliohave stood upon the " Plane of Human Perfection."Through his disobedience Adam fell froin this perfectstate, and the whole human race share in his condemnation todeath. In due time, according to the fore-arranged plan of God,Jesus Christ' left the glory which he had with the Father beforethe world was, and became flesh and died the " just for theunjust," and thus ransomed mankind from the grave. By thcco~npletion of Christ's glorious 1000-year " Day " of Restitution,2874 A.D., all the world will have regained " that which waslost."But all who were secretly harbouring the spirit of theAdversary, having yielded only feigned obedience during theRestitution process (Psa. 66 : 3, margin), will be deceived bySatan when he is let loose from the bottomless Pit during the" little season " of 40 years which follows, and God will destroyd them along with Satan in the Second death (Iiev. 20 : 1-3 ;iPsa. 37 : 10). All who pass the final test will have demonstratedthat they are not only perfect in body as Adam was before hisfall, but that they have developed the perfect character of theirRedeemer, who stood immovable in faith, love, and loyalty toGod the Father even under the great trials to which he wassubjected during his earthly ministry (Psa. 37 : 29). We wouldunderstand, therefore, that by the date 2914-2915 A.D., theredeemed race will experiencc to the full the glorious hbertyof the children of God, with complete dominion over the earth(Compare Nos. 2 and 3 on pagc 24).As the " Plane 01 Human Perfection " is representrd inthe Great Pyramid by the level of the Queen's Chamber floor,.md as the Ransom-sacrifice of Christ is symbolised by theT

Well-shaft, tlicsc two important fc:itures ~llust govcrii t.liis Limcmeasurement.We have already proved that the north cdgc of tl~cIJescending Passage " bascmcnt-sheet " n~arlrs tlie cncl of tlicFirst Adam's 1000-year " day." This point is below the lcvclof the (jueen's Chamber floor, and thus represents Adam in liiscondemned state. The point on the Queen's Chamber floorlcvclvertically above the north edge of the " bascnient-slleet "would, therefore, very well represent Adam in liis perfection,and would form the most appropriate starting-point for tllctime measurement now under consideration.If, then, we begin from this point as marking the date whcnAdam fell froin perfection, 4126 B.c., and rneasurc at the usualrate of a Pyramid-inch for a year verl.ically down till wc reaclithe level of the lower Well-opening (the level of the top edge),then horizontally southward to the north edge of the opening,and from thence vertically upward till we regain the level of thcQueen's Chamber floor, we shall find that the termination of ourlong measurement indicates the date 2914-2915 A.D.This time-measurement is the Pyramid's method of illustratingtl~e Apostle's brief, but comprehensive state~nellt ofGod's Plan of the Ages : " As in Adam all die, even so in Christsliall all be made alive "-I Cor. 15 : 22. (The sum of thetwo vertical, and thc horizontal, lines is 7040.8796-tPyramidi?z,clzes, and therefore agrees in inches with the number of yearsfrom 4126 U.C. to 2915 A.D.)

wE read that " death reigned from Ada111 to Rloses"(Koin. 5 : 14) ; and that the law of Moses, although"ordained to life," was found after all to be away to death, owing to the weakness of the flesh (Rom. 7 : 10).When, however, Jesus Christ came at the end of the LawDispensation and abolished death, and brought life and immortalityto light through the' Gospel (2 Tim. I : IO), the opportunityto " pass froill death unto life " was then offered to allwho would exercise the necessary faith (Julln 5 : 24).But although the resurrection power has been working inthe footstep followers of Christ (Rom. 6 : 4), the time of theirreal, in contradistinction to their reckoned, resurrection from thedead, when death shall have no more dominion over them; wasunalterably fixed by God according to his set ti~nes and seasons.Thus, the Scriptural time-features show that, since the " day "when the First Adam brought death into the world, none couldhope to pass from death unto life in the actual sense, till theinauguration of the Second Adam's 1000-year " day " ofregeneration.We have seer1 in Section XVI that very early in this glorious" day," namely, in 1878 A.D., 34 years after the return of theSecond Adam, the illembers of the " Bride " class who fellasleep during the Gospel Age have received their resurrectionchange, and are nnw with thcir T20rd waiting till the full numberof the elect company are " caught up together " with them(I Thess. 4 : 15-17). After this the general resurrection willbegin, for Cl~rist must reign till he has put all enenlies under hisfeet, and tlie last cnemy that shall he destroyed is death(I Cor. 15 : 22-26). The year 1878 A.D., therefore, was in thepurposes of God the extreme time-limit for the absolute power154ol t1ea.l-11 ovcr tl~e wurld ; for wl~cu " this mortal sl~all 11a.v~ 1)utoil. immortality, tlzcn shall be brought to pass the saying that iswritten, ' Ileath is swallowed up in victory.' "The Great Pyramid corrohorates this Scriptural teacliing l>yillcans of its symbolisms and inch-year rneasurcs, by the longestpossible symmetrical mcasurernent between the outside Entranceand the lower mouth of the Well-shaft. We havc demonstratedthat the north edgc of the Descending Passage " hasementsheet" marks the end of the First Adam's 1000-ycar " day " ofcontlemnation ; arid it has also bee11 proved tha.t the Wellshaftsymbolises the ransom-sacrifice of our Lord Jesus Clii-ist,by which means alowe any tan escape tllr l)e\ct.nding-Pa\sagccondition of condeinuation to death brought up011 the worltlthrough A4dain's sinThe measurement from thc north edge of the " bascmentsheet,"first vertically do\vn to the level of the bottom of theWell-shaft, then horizontally 5outhwarcl to the ccntre of theopening of the Well* agrecs with the long pcriod of years duringwhich ihc downwarcl conric of t10,~th lrds held absolute ?wayDctails and measnres con~~ectcd with the lowcr ul)eiiiiig ol the \Yellshaftare given in Vol. 11 of Gre'lt Pyrat~zid Pussuges.I55

ovc:~. tlrc: woi.ltl, fro111 the c:ilcl OU the First Adaui's ~ooo-ycar" (lay" of cursing-, till 1878 .%.u. whcn tllc death-state first1)c.gan to 12c " sn~altowcd up in victory " with tllc &sing of tllcfc~llowcrs of ('llrist, early in tlle Second Adam's glorious 1000-year" (lay " of l~lessing. (Froin the end of Adam's 1000-yc8.r" tlay" of conciemnation, 31264 B.c., to tllc bcgiilniilg of tl~e', first rcsurrcction," when tile body of the Christ rose froill tl~cslcc11 of death, 1577 A.D., is 50031 years. Thc total mcasureinontwhich represents this period in tile Pyramid is 5003.SoO; + I-)!'rn~nid inches, which is barcly a. 3rd of ail iricll irioretllail tlic exact rcquirc~ncnt.)TIIlC remarkable connection that is known to cxist hctwccri.thc Great Pyrarnid which marks the ce*ntrc of tlrcscctorinl-shaped land of Lower Egypt, and the ancicnt:city of 13etlilehem where the licdecmcr was born, is detailed inthe coinpanion 1)ook : 7'1~e Great Pyuanzid : Its Scientijc 1;entrtrrs.'his connection is not only that of angle (the straight linc1)etwccn the Pyramid and Hethlehem, runs from the Pyranlitlnorth-eastward to Bethlehem at the same angle to the Pyi-anlid's~arallel of latitude, as the passage-ways in the buildingascent1 and descend, namely. 26" 18' yf'.7), ;LII~ of ?tlr.aszwe,lint is symboliial also.Syinbolically, the Great I'yrai~lid is n mctterial rcprescntntionor Jesus Christ, the holy, Iiai.i~ilrss, aild uuclefi1c.d So11 of God.Or, in anotllcr pictui-c, our T,ord is syn~bolised 1)y thc heat1corncr-stone of the monnmrnt, arid his body-menlhers. the spiritbegottenclass of the Gospel Agi:, arc represcl~tcd as hcing built"1) to Him, ttlns l~eco~i~in~ thr " fnlncss of Ilim t11at fillet11 allill ill1 " (Ep11. I : 18-23).7'hc aoeriire and lrarnwuy-car lillc hetwccriCairo o11d [he Pyrurr~ids o/ GizchThe connection by measurc, which is ill~~stratcci in the twoaccornpanying diagrams, is very wonderful, and very confirmatoryof the whole teaching of the Great Pyramid. Briefly :The interval bf years between the dates of thc erection of then~onllnlent, and of the birth of the Man Christ Jesus, 2138, isrvl)rcscl~tetl ill Pyraillid cubits by a coinplete circle, each even~ooo rlrl)it.; in the circnmi'c~rence of this cirrlc corrrsponciillg to757

one year ; for in the circumference are exactly 2738 times 1000cubits in all. And the diameter of thi.; circle is the straight linecoilnrclirlg the Pyramid with Bethlehem, the length of the linebeing the distance separating the Pyramid and Bethlehemaccording to the known geographical positions of both.The 191 5-Yeav IgzdicatiogzThen, by anotlicr rnf>tllod oi measuring, the 1915-yearinterval between thc birth of Jesus in 2 n.c., and 1914 A.n.when he began hi5 Klngdoln rcign over the ealth (thoug1~invisible to human eyes, hut cles~ly perceived as pvesenthecause of the unitcd testimony of all the time-prophecies ofthe Scriptures.---Src (he cliagramq on pagcs 2-25), i~ ,~l-,o158represented in Pyramid cubits, and again by a complete circle,each even ~ooo cubits in the periphery of which corresponds toa year. The diameter of the circle is in this case the base-lineof the right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse of which triangle isthe straight line between the Pyramid and Bethlehem, risingfrom the Pyramid's latitude, i.e., the said base-line, at the uniqueangle of 26" 18' g".7 as mentioned above. The length of thehypotenuse of the right-angled triangle, that is, the distancebetween the Pyramid and Bethlehem, necessarily has a directbearing on the length of the base-line of the triangle ; and thislength is so proportioned that the circle described on the baselinehas the circumference of exactly 1915 times an even1000 Pyramid cubits of 25 Pyramid inches each. (See thefurther description of these features in the ScienZ

7'he hleas~we qf 2138 P~o~c~rfic~ii~~tt~:~).~Kelnt~rl to theJ;o?oev I

of 2138 (See Sect1011 )ill 1 111 tl~e Scieqitijic hook). 'lllerc is afitness in all these agreements which is very conviricing of thewhole teaching of tbc Great Pyramid. And this featurc isstill more apparent when we find still another appropriatemeasure in the Great Pyramid agreeing with this 2138 periodas follows :Tlze 2138 Period Indicated by the Two Levels ofKing's and Queen's ChalnbersThc Scriptures declare that " He that descended, is the sarneal.50 that ascended " (Ephrsians 4 : 10). In other words, theLord Jesus Christ, sent into the world from his former spiritualhabitation to suffer and die for mankind, was afterwards receivedinto glory, the& to become Lord of the living and the deadand to receive his Kingdom.This Script~zral declaration is illustrated by the angle ofdescent between the city of Bethlehem, so~zth-westward tolcgypt's centre, occupied by the Great Pyramid. It is alsoill~zstrated by the two levels in the Great Pyrainid w11icl1syinbolise the spirit and l~urr~ari plar~es, namcly, the floors of theIcing's and Queen's Chambers.As the Great Pyramid, in its perfection when built, is thedirect symbol of the perfect. 5inless, Son of God, who, when hecame into this world, was 1101-n in Rcthlehem as foretold by theprophet (Micah 5 : 2 ; Matthcw 2 : 4-6), the period of yearswhich separated thc dates of the erecting of the Pyramid andthe birth of Christ Jesus, 2~38, is therefore coilstantly broughtbcfore our notice when we speak of the length and angle of thestraight line connecting the Pyraniid with Bethlehem.Now, the vertical distance betwecn the two levels of theKing's and Queen's Chambers, froin floor to floor, also indicatesthe 2138-year interv;rl, by the following inctliod : liegard aneven 10 timcs this precisc vertical distancc between these twofloor-levcls as the lcngth ol thc pcrimetcr ol a square. It willhe found that thc length of one side of this square is almostexactly a round 2138 Pyrainid inches, the difference being lessthan a 100th part of an inch (The ~ertical distance betweenthe two floors is 855 .zo3zgg + Pyrdmid inches. This multi-162theplied by ro, thcn divided by 4, gives the side-length of thesquare referred to, namely, 2138.0082 i- inches.)The Getlmetrical. Relationship Between th~! TWOAdjoining Periods of 2138 and 1915 YearsAs in the two proportionate features just considered, so inthis additional feature the basis of the calculations is a square.We have already noted the importance of the connectionof the interval of 2138 years (between the erectillg of thesymbolical stone Witness in Egypt and the birth of the MailChrist Jesus), with the 1915-year interval which immediatelyfollowed, ending in 1914 A.D. when Christ took to himself hisgreat power and began his reign. We now draw attention tothe fact that there is a geometrical connection between the twonumbers, 2138 and 1915. This connection is shown by a planegeometrical figure, the basis of which, as we said, is a square.Draw a square with an area of exactly an even IOOtimes2138 square inches. The side-length of this square is462.3851 + inches (i.e., the square-root of IOO ~2138).Inscribe a circle within this definite square. The diameterof the circle is, of course, the same as the side-length of thcsquare. Therefore, multiplying this diameter, or side-length,by the ratio T, we find that the length of the circunlferellce ofthe inscribed circle is 1452.6256 + inches.The sup of the diameter and circumference of the inscribedcircle, is almost exactly a round, even, 1915 inches. (Theprecise sum is 1g15.0108 + inches, which is little more than a100th part of an inch over the exact 1915.)By this simple geometrical and mathematical method, thethree very important dates, namely: first, 2140 B.C. for theerection of the symbolical Great Pyramid, second, z B.C. for thebirth of the world's Saviour and King, and third, 1914 A.D. forthe beginning of the righteous reign of this King of Glory, areall prominently and symmetrically indicated. Thus we perceivestill more evidence of intentional design in all of Jehovah'sgrcat Plan of the Ages.

The Two Periods of 2138 and 1915 Years areGe~metricall~y Related to the Precessional Cycle PeriodII The Areu - of the S~null Squnr.c'1I is exactly 2138 x 100IIAs the Precessional Cycle period of years was the primarybasis for the' important discovery of the building-date of theGreat Pyramid (as demonstrated by the exact positions of thenotable stars Alpha Draconis, and Alcyone of the Pleiades, atthat date), and as the number of years in the precession isfound to be corroborated by the perimeter of the Great Pyramidat that precise level in the building which marks the terminationof the 1915-year time-measurement, it is certainly a still furtherconfirmation of our faith in the teaching of the Pyramid tofind that, geometrically, and mathematically, these three periodsof 2138, 1915, and 25,694-5 years are each related to the other.This relationship is contained in a further development ofthe plane geometrical figure just detailed, namely, the square,having an area of precisely IOO times 2138 square inches. Wenow regard the diagonal of this square as being the sidc-lengthof another, larger, square. The side-lengths of both squaresare thus determined by the precise area ofthe first, small,square, with its inscribed circle indicating the 1915-year period.The calculation connected with these two squares whichindicates the precessional period is as follows : The length ofthe diagonal of the small square, which is also the side-lengthof the large one, is 653.9113089+ inches. The perimeter ofthe large square is therefore 2615.64523 + inches.From an even 10 times the perimeter of the large square,deduct the length of one side of the small square. The remainderis 25,694.0672 + inches, which is equal to the years in tl~e131 ecessional cycle.There are other proportionate features connected will1 illisgro~netrical , figure, all confirmatory of the fol.rgoiuy,, 31~1confirlnatory of the Pyramid'r; mrasulrs generally.Diagram l llustrating the Geometrical, and Mathematical,Connection between the Numbers2138, 191 5, and 25,694164

SECTION XXVITHE SYMMETRICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SOLAR YEAR,TIIE ~RECESSIONAI~ CYCLE, AND THE 1915-YEAR,I'ERIODSTHE foundation of this feature is a circle, the area ofwhich is as many square inches as there are squarecubits in 7 x 2 tlnles the Socket-base area of the GreatPyramid. In other words, the area of this circle is, in inchrs,equal to the ilulllbei ol days in r l Limes the square of tlie soldrtropical year.There are 365.24219866 + days in the solar tropical year,and therefore 133,401.863687 + days in the square of the year.(In the area of the Pyramid's Socket-level square base there are133,401 863687 + square Pyramid cubits.) Thus, in 14 timesthe square of the solar year the number of days total to1,867,626.091626 + ; and this, reckoned in inches, is the areaof our circle. (The number 7 is in Scriptures specially connectedwith time.)We desire now to find the diameter of this circle, the areaof which is, as we see, definitely determined by the day-valueof the solar tropical year, and the perfect number 7 (ie, 14,the double of 7). For the further development of this featureis connected with the square of the diameter of this circle.That is to say, we require to ascertain the precise area of asquare, the side-length of this square being the same exactlyas the diameter-length of the circle.If we know the area of a circle, it is easy to find the squareof the diameter of that circle. We need only to multiply theknown area of the circle by 4, and divide the result by theratio T. (Or we can multiply the known area of the circleby 4, and then multiply again by the reciprocal of the ratio T.The value of the reciprocal of the ratio T is .3183098861837g + .)Calculating with this wf,ll known mathematical rule, weI 66as the diameter-length of the above-mentioned circle, is2,377,935.394638 + square inches.The even 100th part of the area of the square is23,779.35394 + square inches. We can symmetrically dividethe area of a square into IOO equal parts by dividing itslength into 10 parts, and then its width into IO parts, allequally spaced. Our feature has to do with this symmetricallydivided 100th part of the full area of thr square.To the area of the small 100th-part square rrdd exactly1915 inches. The resultant sum is as many square inches asthere are years in the precewional cycle of the equinoxes. Thus,1915 inches added to 23,779.35394 +, the area of tbe 10ot11-partsmall square, totals to 25,694.35394 + square inches. Thistotal is the same as the perimeter of the Great Pyramid at the167

inch Perimeter at the Mean Socket-level Base Isequal to Days In 100 Solar Tropical Yearsdlevel of the upper floor-end of the Grand Gallery, which floorendinarks the termination of the 1915-inrll time-measurcmcntThe d~fference between the two totals is no1 more than nbonta 1000th part of ail inch.Instead of dividing the area of the square into IOO equalparts, we may explain the feature in this way: TO the fullarea of the square add an even 1-00 times 1915 inches. Theresultant sum is equal to an even 100 times the perimeter of thePyramid at the 1914 A.D. date-point level. (The sum of thearea of the square and IOO times 1915 is 2,569,435.3946+inches. And IOO times the perimeter of the Pyramid at thelevel which marks the date 1914 A.D. is 2,569,435.2904-kinches. The difference between these two large totals is littlemore than a 10th part of an inch.)The correspondency in the above feature is thereforepractically exact. It further demonstrates the wonderfulharmony of all the dimensions of the Great Pyramid, bothtoward each other, as well as toward the durations of the solartropical year, and the precessional cycle, and their relationshipto the outstanding period of 1915 years between Christ's birthand 1914 A.D. In augmenting the precise area of the squareby the addition of the round number of IOO times 1915, weare following one of the methods of calculating required in alarge number of the Pyramid's geometric and mathematicalproportions, examples of which we have presented in thecompanion book entitled : The Great Pyramid: Its S(:iefztiJic:Featz~res, which see.The Solar Year, the l'recessio~t, and 1915, Corzr~c.cl~dby the I'yuamid's Di~r~ensio~~sThe dit~~ci~sions of the Great Pyramid are so wonderl~lllyIjalanced, that they everywhere bear out the main teaching ofGround Plan of the Great Pyramidthe moni~ment. The day-value of the solar tropical year i.;given us in the perimeter of the building at the Socket-level1base, the number of inches in this perimetcr being equal to thenl~mber of days in an even IOO years. The year-value of thegreat precessional cycl~ of the equinoxes is given 11s in Ihrper~nlrter uf tl~r 1,uilding at ll~r lrvrl ut the upper fluol-er~d uf16s 169Showing the Mean Socket~level Square Base, and the Horizontal Sectional Areaat t h LPVC~ ~ nlarked by the Upper Terminal of the Gland Gallery Floor

the Grand Gallery, tlie level which we may appropriately namethe " 1914 A.D. date-level." The nunlber of inches at this levelis equal to the number of years in the precession.Here, then, we have two squares at different levels, the lowerone showing the solar Far, and the upper one showing theprecession. And the vertical distance betwcen these two levelsis connected definitely with the highly scientific dimensions ofthe King's Chamber, as noted in Section VIII of the Scientijicbook. Looking down upon tlie Pyramid as upon a plan, thesquare of the 1914 A.D. level would seern to be centrallyplaced within the Socket-level square. The straight, andhorizontal, line between the adjacent corners of the two squaresis 1914,468 + Pyramid inches, or about half an inch less than theprecise 1915. This horizontal line is, of course, part of thebase-cliagonal of the building. This feature means that thevertical height of the 1914 A.D. level was so adjusted by thegreat Designer, that its horizontal diagonal distance inwardfro~n eacli base corlle1 of the building is between 1914 aucl 1915Pyramid inches, thus still again bringing before our vision thecentral truth of the Holy Word, and the central truth of thePyramid too, namely, that the Saviour of the world was borninto the world, known to be both Saviour and King, in the year2 B.c., and that after an interval of 1915 years, in the year1914 A.D., he came as earth's invisible King of righteousness.(The semi-diagonal of the Pyramid at the Socket-level base is6456.6308 + inches ; and the semi-diagonal at the 1914 A.D.level of the building is 4542.1627 t- inches. The difference is1914.4680 + Pyramid inches.)SECTION XXVIIADAM'S creation, according to the chronology of tlie Bible,took place at the date 4128 B.c., or, more particularlyas explained in Section IV, 41282 years before 1stJanuary A.D.I. The year before the creation of Adam can,therefore, be named the " zero " year, or the year " o ", thebeginning of which is 4129; years previous to A.D. I, that is,41292 B.C.This year is just before the advent of man on earth, and thusis properly styled " pre-historic " ; and because it is outsideof the scope of history, but of special importance as being thevery year preceding the first appearance into the materialuniverse 01 God's noblest earthly creation, Man, it is proper toexpect that this " zero " year, while not marked by any pointwithin the Pyramid's passage system, would nevertheless befound to be connected with the building by some method.The Method by which the " Zero " Year is IndicatedMr. E. W. T. Macdonald, a Scotsman resident in Hendon,England, and a very enthusiastic student of the Great Pyramid,suggested that the important " zero " year might reasonably bemarked by a definite geometrical point in the rock below the baseof the Pyramid, namely, by the intersection of the two straightlines produced downward into tlie rock of: (I) the outercasing-stone surface of the building, at its special angle of51" 51' 14" .3, and (2) the floor of the First Ascending Passage,with its distinctive inclination of 26" 18' 9".7 This intersection,purely geometric, is within the confines of thebuilding because in direct line with the casing-stone surface,and is connec$ed with the passage-system owing to its locationT7I

on the line continuous with the Ascending Passage's floor. Atthe same time, this point is an appropriate one to mark the" zero " year, for though definitely related to the buildingby its two domina.nt angles, it is sufficiently removed from thepassage-ways to demonstrate that the year it indicates is notwithin the history of mankind.But there is another method by which this geometricallyfixedpoint shows the pre-historic nature of the year which itmarks, and that is that none of the time-measurements, ordimensional features found in connection with it, are direct,lmt are indirect. In other words, there is no Pyra.mid-incliti~ne-rneasureinei~t between any point in the passages illatnlai-ks an established date, which directly connects the year4129$ R.C. at this " zero " point. The " zero " point in11ica.tionsare all connected with proportionate measures, which, llowever,are in themselves symmetrical and harmonious with the1)uildingJs mathema tical and geometrical design.The one well-established date in the Scriptural clirunologywl1ic.11 is convinc,ingly iilarlircl by an appropriate point in thePyramid's passage-walrs, is the year of the death and rcsur-172reetion of our Lord. Jesus Christ, Spring of 113 Am., marked bythe line where the First Ascendir~g Pa.ssagc atrd Grand Ciallery~rieet. This line: of delliarcation between the two asceridirrgl~ssages would, tlirrcforc, wry wcll forin the starting-point forthc downward incli~lecl time-iilcasui-en produced to tlre" zero " point. If tlie tirne-lneasui-en~ent werc a direct one,the number of iriches in this straight line woulcl agree with tlrc:pre(:isc liuinber of years between Spring of the year 33 A,!).and the beginning of the " zero " year 41294 B.C. But when wcaccurately calculate, by the usual trigonometrical rules, theI~tigtll of the fi~oduced floor-line, from thc " Point of Tntersection" down to the " zero " point, and add tliis to tile floorl~ngtl~of the First Ascendiiig I'assage, we find that tlic totalnumber of Pyramid inches is less than that required. Hutthe ail~ount' of shortage is an exact iruinber particularlyrelaietl to thc inoriument's yroportionatc features, iiamely,all ever1 100.By this indirect iiiethotl, co~lvincing because of its syrunletry,the Pyrair~id indicates the begilliliilg of the " zero " year qracj:R.c., the gea.r before Adam " became a living soul." (The periodof yeai-s ill rluestiorl is 41614, frvnl 41zgi B.C. to 32% A.D., i.c.,to Spring 33 A.D., the date of our Lord's death and resurrectiollas marked by the upper, southern, end of the First Ascendingl'assage. The floor-length of thc First Ascendiiig Passage is1543.4642 +, and the total length of the produced floor-lincto the " zero " point is 2517.9590 +, Pyrainid indics. The:~\un of thcsc two Icngths, plus an cvcn 100, is 4161 .4233 -I-,or lxa,ctically 4161i inclics.)7'hc Iizterval bel-i@ee?t tile " Zero " T'ecrv t~ildof tltc Israel.tles fvo~~t B,qy+tthe ~ X O ~ I ~ SAIIO~~PI- prolxn-t~onatc t~~nc-~neas~irrn~clIt, in which thcpettect riuinhrr 7 1s a Idctor, confirlns the Pyranlid's iriark~ngof the " zero " ye, 7.Egypt is the Scriptural type of the world going after " othergods " in its degradat~on, and hence hastening downward to tliepit of destruction. The Descending Passage is a fitting illustrationof this depraved condition of the world, a symbol thatI73

is further strengthened by the interesting fact that, at the timewhen the Great Pyramid was being built, Alpha Dsaconis, thestellar representation of Satan, the " god of this world," shoneright down the central line of this passage at midnight. The" Point of Intersection," therefore, where the First AscendingPassage branches upward from the Descending Passage, convincinglymarks the date of the Exodus ; for it was then thatJehovah separated the people of Israel from the world to be a" peculiar treasure " unto himself, and measurably lifted themabove the other nations by giving them the perfect law, andinstituting sacrifices which typically cleansed them from sin.From the beginning of the " zero " year to the date of theExodus, is 2514+ years (4129a B.C. to 16142 B.c.). This intervalis corroborated proportionately by the length of. the prodztcedfloor-line of the First Ascending Passage, from the " zero "point to the " Point of Intersection." For when we deduct .33, that is, half of the perfect number 7, from the number ofinches in this produced line we get, practically, 25144(2514.459 +).The number 3$ is, in the Scriptures, usually associated withsuffering, as, for instance, the 34 years of our Lord's earthlyministry during which he " suffered in the flesh " ; and the34 " times " of oppression against the saints of the Gospel Age.The Apostle tells us that " death reigned from Adan1 to Moses "(Rom. 5 : 14), and hence the special number 3; connected withthe above proportionate measure, mav be taken as indicativeof the condition of suffering in the world because of the deathsentence,before the law of Moses gave the first opportuilityof gaining life.L)il.lzensiovzal Pro;bortions Connected with the " Zero " PointA Precessional Cycle IndicationLt is now established, both in this book, and in the otherentitled : The Great Pyranzid : Its Scientific Features, that manyof the Pyramid's indications are. bascd upon proportionatecalculations, and that this method of proving the numerouscorroborative features of the building is intentional. Thus,by taking advantage of this distinctive past of the Pyramid'sI74scientiiic design, we call show that tlic " zero " year point iscoilnected with a measurement that agrces with the durationof the precessional cycle.It is obvious that the exact location of this geometric " zero "point is altogether dependent upon, not only the two scientificangles of the Pyramid's casing-stone surface and its interiorpassage-ways, but also upon the precise position of the AncientEntrance of the building, and the point on the floor of theDescendiilg Passage from which the First Ascending Passagebranches upward. There is nothing of a haphazard natureabout the " zero " point, therefore, although geometric.The precessional-cycle indication is connected with the fullheight of the Great Pyramid, in conjunction with the positionof the " zero " point ; and the factors used in the calculationare the numbers 3 and 50. When we compute, by the rules oftrigonometry, the full Pyramid-inch length of the straighti~lclined line, from the level of the " zero " point upward to theapex of the Pyramid, we find that 3 times this length, plus thespecial Pyramid number 50, yields the same number as thereare years in the precessional cycle, in this instance 25,695 .277 + .(The inclined height of the Pyramid, from the Socltet-level baseup the casing-stone surface to the apex, the measurement beingtaken up the central line of the building's northern flank, is7391.5578-t Pyramid inches. The length of the producedcasing-stone line, from the Socket-base level down to the levelof the " zero " point, is 1156.8678 +. The sum of these twolengths multiplied by 3, and 50 added, equals 25,695,277 +.Or if we add 7 x 7, i.e., 49, which is also a special Pyramidnumber, we get 25,694.277 +. As we have hitherto noted,the duration of tlic precessional cyclc rangcs bctwccn, or closcto, 25,694 and 25,695 years.)The " Zero " Poinl Level Indicates theSize of the Pyramid.The consistency oi' tlle " zero " point with the Pyramid'sdimensions is still, further supported by the following proportionatecalculation : Regard the level at which this " zero "I75

point is located as constituting a " subterranean " base to thewhole Pyramid.This geometric base is, by calculation, 909.8061 + Pyramidinches vertically below the builhng's Socket-level base ; andthe side-length of this lower base, found by producing thesloping lines of the Pyramid's four flanks downward at thesame casing-stone angle of 51" 51' 14".3 to that precise, , zero " level, is 10,560 .I751 + inches.It is the diagonal of the " zero " base, which indicates thesize of the whole Great Pyramid. For the length of thisgeometric diagonal, plus the Pyramid's basic number 10, isequal in Pyramid inches to the sum of : (I) the vertical Socketto-apexheight, and (2) the length of the Socket-level base-line,of the building. The difference between the sum of these twoprincipal exterior dimensions of the Great Pyramid, and thesum of the " zero " base-diagonal and the complete number 10,is only about 2 of an inch.(The " zero " square base diagonal-length, plus 10, equals 14,944.3428 + inches. The sum of theSocket-to-apex vertical height, and Socket-level base-side length,of the Great Pyramid is 14,944.0651 + inches. The differencebetween these two definite sums is .2777 + of an inch, i.e.,little more than a quarter of an inch.)There are other dimensional proportions connected with the" zero " point, but these are sufficient to prove its authenticity.The " Shortening " of the TimeThere is one possible time-indication in the Great Pyramidwhich ought not to pass unnoticed ; but as it is partly of a dateyet future, we can only draw attention to it by presenting thecalculations which seem to support it as reasonable. Part ofthis time-measurement has already been fulfilled in accordancewith the interpretation we give it, and because of this it is notimpossible that the future part may be fulfilled.Measuring upward from the " zero " year point to the upperend of the First Ascending Passage, adding, as shown, an exactIOO inches to this measure, we arrive at that placein the Pyramid'spassage-system which marks the date of our Lord's death andresurrection, 33 A.D. And contin~ling our 11pward measur~mentM~ I77

to the south end-wall of the Grand Gallery we find the datcI914 A.D. to be here marked. This south wall of the GrandGallery is vertically in alignment above the north wall of therock-cut Subterranean Chamber, which chamber is symbolicalof the destruction into which the nations of Christendom enteredwhen the great war was precipitated upon the unsuspectingworld in Autumn of 1914 A.D.While the " first shot to be fired " in the war was on 28thJune, 1914 A.D., when the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, nephewof the Emperor Francis Joseph, and heir to the Hapsburgthrone, was assasinated in the streets of Serajevo (for historiesof the world-war begin with this date) ; and while exactly amonth later, on 28th July, Austria-Hungary formally dieclaredwar against Serbia ; and on 1st and 3rd August Germanydeclared war on Russia and France ; yet it was when GreatBritain took up arms on midnight of 4th August that thegreatest war in the history of the world can be said to havebegun in earnest.America declared war on Germany on 5th April, 1917 ;and after fully another year and a half of most desperate agony,the Armistioe was signed on 11th November, 1918, largelythrough the peace efforts of President Wilson of the UnitedStates of America. What a prayer of thankfulness and cryof relief went up from the whole earth on that memorableday of the Armistice !It was suggested by Mr. Wm. Reeve of Toronto, Canada, inhis small work on the Pyramid publislled i111909, that the wordsof our Lord Jesus respecting the shortening of the days of trouble,as expressed in Matt. 24 : 21, 22, might be interpreted in thetime-measurements of the Pyramid, by taking the shorterperiod of a month to the inch, instead of a year. He pointedout that this method of measuring could appropriately begin tocount from the south end-wall of the Grand Gallery, as it wasbelieved that this wall marked the date of the commencementof the great tribulation spoken of by the Prophet Daniel, andpointedly referred to by our Lord in the text cited above.For Jesus said : " For then shall be great tribulation, such aswas not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, norever shall be. And except those days should be shortened,178there should no flesh be saved : but for the elect's sake thosedays shall be shortened " (See also Mark 13 : 19, 20).The south wall of the Grand Gallery marks the date 1914 A.D. ;and, in this symbolical representation, the low passage leadinghorizontally southward to the Ante-Chamber illustrates thetroublous time into which Christendom entered in Autumn ofthat year, the Elect themselves experiencing in a special sense thegreat hardships of the period. But, said Jesus, " for the elect'ssake, whom hc hath chosen, he hath shortened the days."(Mr. Wm. Reeve suggested the date 1910 for the beginningof this trouble; but for many years students of the Bibleknew that I914 A.D. was the date foretold in the Scriptures.)When the Armistice was signed a " breathing-space " wasprovided, especially for the Lord's people, the " Elect."The length of the low passage from the line of the GrandGallery's south wall, to the north wall of the Ante-Chamber,agrees in inches with the number of months (Biblical monthsof 30 days each), between the 4th-5th August, 1914 A.D., and11th November, 1918, when the Armistice was signed. (Thefirst low passage is, in its accurate theoretical length, 51.9792 +Pyramid inches, that is, praclically 52 inches. At 30 days tothe inch this length represents 1560 days ; and from the 5thof August, 1914, to the 11th of November, 1918, including theextra day in 1916 which was a leap-year, there were 1560 days.)It is, of course, natural to suggest that, as the first low passageby its length thus exactly agrees with the period of tribulationcaused by the world-war, each inch rcprcsenting thc Biblicalmonth of 30 days, the same scale of measuring along the Antechamber'sfloor to the south wall of that chamber would mark adefinite date there also. Reckoning with the theoretical Ante-Chamber length of 116.2602 + Pyramid inches, and the monthof 30 days to the inch, the period represented is 3487.8, orpractically 3488 days. Taking account of the leap-years,3488 days from 12th November 1918, end on 30th May 1928,which must be close to Pentecost of that year.If we continue the interpretation of the first low passage tothe second low passage, this second passage could be held torepresent the final trouble upon the world, and upon the Lord'schildren (I Thess. 5 : 1-6). The walls, floor and ceiling of theI79

first passage are of limestone, while that of the second are ofgranite ; and the length of the second is, according io thetheoretical measures which we accept, IOO .8434 + Pyramidinches.That the south wall of the Ante-Chamber, which is alsothe north-beginning of the low granite passage leading to theIcing's Chamber, should mark the date 1928 A.D. may beregarded as appropriate enough, and in keeping with the othertime-measurements of the Pyramid ; for this point also marks,by the other method of measuring explained in Section XVI,the date 1878 A.D. Between these two dates is a period of50 years, just as there was a period of 50 days between theparallel date to 1878 A.D., namely, 33 A.D. when our Lord rosefrom the dead, and the great Pentecostal day when God pouredout his Holy Spirit upon his waiting Chu~~ll (Acis 2 : 16-18).The companion books of this series are entitled :The Gvenf Pyramid: Its Scientzjfc Ferrtuvcs(Yarf 1 of r9r4 n.n. and the Great Pyramid)The Great Pyrau~id : Its S$i~iLurzZ Sy~nl.oZisisl/rThree useful books on the Great Pyramid:(I) The Great Pyramid : Its Spiritual Symbolism (144 pages).(2) The Great Pyramid : Its Scientific Features (224 pages).(Part I. of 1914 A.D. and the Great Pyramid.)(3) The Great Pyramid : Its Time Features (184 pages).(Part 11. of 1914 A.D. and the Great Pyramid.)1 Price : For a single copy, 2/3, or 55 cents.6 copies at the rate of z/-, or 50 cents, per copy.12 copies at the rate of ~/g, or 45 cents, per copy.i48 copies and over at the rate of 1/6, or 35 cents, per copy.The three books, printed on stouter paper, may be procured boundtogether in stiff boards covered with good cloth, and title blocked in real gold.Price of above three Pyramid boob bound together in cloth:One copy for 8/6, or $2.00.10 copies at the rate of 7/6, or $1.75, per copy.25 copies and over at the rate of 6/6, or $1.50, per copy.iIjIIIGreat Pyramid ChartThis chart is drawn true to scale from actual measurements taken in thePyramid by Dr. John Edgar, and his brother Morton Edgar, during 1909 and1912. It is the only diagram of this monument which has the accurate lengthof the Descending Passage, and the correct dimensions of the building generally.It can be procured in tluee sizes, but the 44 feet by 3 feet size, printed on cloth,which contains the dimensions of every part of the Pyramid, is speciallyrecommended. The wonderful symbolisms and Pyramid-inch time-measurementsof the building demonstrate beyond all doubt the great importanceof the date 1914 A.D.. one ot the most momentous years in history.The price of the 49 feet by 3 feet size:New Edition, lithographed in five colours on cloth, 4/-, or $1.00, per copy.Old Edition, lithographed in black, on cloth, 3/-, or 75 cents, per copy.Small size, 3 feet by 2 feet, printed in black:On Cloth, Single copy, 1/6, or 35 cents.5 copies, 1/3, or 30 cents, per copy.On Paper, Single copy, 6d., or 12 cents.5 copies, 4d., or 8 cents, per copy.10 or more copies, 3d., or 6 cents, per copy.Special large size, suitable for lecturing from in large halls, 104 feet by 7 feet,hand painted on cloth, coloured, 35/-, or $8.50, per copy.Chronological ChartThis chart of,:he chronology and time-features of the Bib$ is that whichappears in the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society's Bible. It isclearly printed, and proves most helpful to an understanding of the " timesand seasons." It is fully explained in Vol 11 of the work entitled " GreatPyramid Passages."44 feet by 3 feet, printed on cloth, 3/-. or 75 cents, per copy.18-in. by 12-in., on art paper, bound with brass top and bottom for hangingon wall, 3d., or 6 cents, per copy; six or more coples, zid . or 5 cents, per copy.7-in, by 4$-in., stiff art card, twelve copies, 6d., or 12 cents.Postcard size, for correspondence, fifty copies, 1/6, or 35 cents.Address Orders to MORTON EDCAR, 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland

NOTICEThe Booklets noticed below are good value. They have been,and still are, much used in the spread of the knowledge ofthe Truth, the subject-matter of each being in perfect harmonywith " Studies in the Scriptures." Many write expressing theirthankful appreciation.These11Bookletsall uniformin sizeand price.Where are the Dead iSocialism and the Bible.Mythology and the Bible.The Great Pyramid and the Bible.Memoirs of Doctor John Edgar.Memoirs of Aunt Sarah.A Tree Planted by the Rivers of Wntcr.The Preservation of Identity in the Resurrection.Abraham's Life-History an Allegory.Faith's Foundations, also Waiting on God.Prayer and the Bible.TWO STYLES OF BINDINGThese handy and useful little books are neatly bouild in distinctivecoloBrs, either in paper covers or in stiff boards covered with good cloth.The cloth-bound brochures have the title blocked in gold on thecover and form a neat little library-a truly valuable little collection,containing a mine of information in a very small space.Paper-bound : Per copy 23d., or 5 cents.One dozen copies. 21-, or 50 cents.50 copies, 71-, or $1.75.IOO copies, 131-, or $3.25.500 copies at the rate of 121-, or $3.00, per loo.1000 copies at the rate of IT/-, or $2.75, per 100.Cloth-bound : Per copy, ad., or 16 cents.Eleven copies, 79d., or 15 cents, per copy.Twenty-two copies, 7d., or 14 cents, per copy.Forty-four copies, 64d.. or 13 cents, per copy.Eighty-eight copies, 6d., or 12 cents, per copy.Note-Ordersfor quantities may be assortedNew Edition " WHERE ARE THE DEAD ? " Large SizeSince first published in 1908, Dr. Edgar's little brochure on" Where are the Dead ? " has had a wide circulation. Many haveexpressed a desire to procure this important address in a largerand more durable form. We have, therefore, prepared a SpecialEdition, printed on stout antique papkr, with large clear type.It is bound in stiff cloth boards, and measures 7&-in. by 5-in.Price : Per copy, 21-, or 50 cents.Ten copies at the rate of 119, or 45 cents, per copy.Address Orders to MORTON EDCAR, 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland