Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

IndexT-shell development, 14VR nerve agentdescription, 156toxicity of, 168vapor hazard, 168volatility of, 168VS nerve agentweather conditions and, 135VX nerve agentadditives for, 135assays for, 699barrier creams and, 531behavioral effects of exposure, 175–176carboxylesterase and, 246chemical structure (figure), 694chloroperoxidase and, 250clinical effects, 316eye effects of exposure to, 170incapacitating effects, 416inhibition of blood ChE activity, 165land mine delivery, 120–121molecular model (figure), 166mortality from, 316neuropsychiatric effects, 320plasma-derived human butyrylcholinesterase and, 245–246,247, 249projectile delivery, 121pulmonary system effects, 174RBC-ChE inhibition, 165relation of cholinesterase activity to vomiting after exposure to(table), 166routes of exposure, 695skin effects, 529soap and water decontamination, 533, 534synthesis and production of, 157toxicity of, 693, 695vapor hazard, 168volatility of, 135, 168, 316Vycudilik, W.urine sample analysis for mustard agent, 708, 713WWada, S.mustard agent exposure research, 314Waitt, Maj. Gen. Alden H.assessment of the future of chemical warfare in 1946, 54chemical training for soldiers and, 103–104post-World War II discovery of German gas reserves, 104–105summary of CWS’s planning for the next war, 119Walker, M.C.ketamine research, 231Wallace rule of nines, 282Walter Reed Institute of Research Whole Blood Assaycholinesterase analysis, 702, 705–706Ward, Kyle, Jr.description of nitrogen mustard, 119Water testing kits. See M272 chemical agent water testing kitsWatson, Maj. Gen. Gerald G.chemical training and, 63Weather. See Wind and weather considerationsWeger, N.cyanide poisoning research, 394, 395–396Weigand, D.A.2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile research, 451Weimar, J.T.2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile research, 451Wepfercyanide poisoning description, 373Wet decontaminantsReactive Skin Decontamination Lotion, 533, 536–537water issues, 546White, C.1-chloroacetophenone research, 462White, R.G.1-chloroacetophenone research, 463White House Office of Homeland Securitycreation of, 755National Strategy for Homeland Security, 755WILD20soman-induced seizure-related brain damage treatment, 227Willder, W.B.2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile research, 452Willems, Jan L.Iranian mustard casualties, 263, 266, 268, 715Wils, E.R.J.skin sample analysis for mustard agent, 726urine sample analysis for mustard agent, 708–709, 716Wilson, I.B.oxime research, 186–187Wilson, President WoodrowWorld War I and, 12, 21Wind and weather considerationschemical attacks, 80, 117, 121, 135–136cold shock, 548–549decontamination in cold weather, 548–550hypothermia, 548–549stages and symptoms of hypothermia (table), 548Winternitz, M.C.phosgene exposure research, 325Wolfe, A.D.fetal bovine serum AChE research, 245, 246Wolff, H.C.anticholinergic deliriant research, 422Wooten, J.V.lewisite exposure research, 728World Health Organizationdiphenylaminearsine exposure research, 466World Trade Centerbombing in 1993, 754World Trade OrganizationCDC Enhanced Surveillance Program data, 622World War I. See also American Expeditionary Forces; specificbattles, battle sites, and countriesaftermath, 36–37, 41Allied retaliation against chemical warfare, 18an attack on a platoon of the 28th Division (exhibit), 27armistice ending, 36casualties attributed to gas, 36–37, 41–42, 82, 83, 341chemical agent production, 117chemical agents used (in chronological order) (table), 342chemical attacks involving children and civilians, 656chemical casualties (table), 79chemical warfare use by France, Great Britain, and Germany,12–21, 79–82, 312, 341, 373, 397chemical weapons, 117–118chlorine gas use, 2detailed map of Ypres (figure), 17Dr. Harvey Cushing’s account of Royal Army Medical Corpscapabilities, Flanders, Belgium, May 5, 1917 (exhibit), 88earliest reported description involving chemical warfare onthe AEF (exhibit), 22early Allied chemical warfare plans, 12–13evacuation in trench versus open warfare, 99–101excerpt from “Take Me Back to Dear Old Blighty!” (exhibit), 89lxvii