Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

Medical Aspects of Chemical WarfareChemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program role,766demilitarization of chemical agents and, 142, 143levels of protection, 580waste water disposal issues, 546US Food and Drug Administration“animal rule” for drug product approval, 647, 651anticholinesterase treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, 158clinical trial phases, 647investigational new drug submissions, 649, 650Laboratory Response Network and, 765–766medical chemical defense acquisition programs and, 646, 647,648–653“off-label” uses for drugs, 650phosgene inhalation treatment guidelines, 354Project BioShield and, 251pyridostigmine bromide approval, 204Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion approval, 536US General Accounting OfficeCBRNE training programs and, 768US Joint Forces Commanddomestic preparedness role, 764US Marine Corpschemical/biological incident response force, 762–763field management of chemical casualties, 489–490Joint Non-lethal Weapons Directorate, 431M20 simplified collective protection equipment and, 587US Navybinary weapon research, 123field management of chemical casualties, 489, 491–492hospital ships, 491–492US Office of Management and BudgetProject BioShield funding, 251US Postal Serviceoleoresin capsicum use, 443US War Department. See also US Department of Defensechemical warfare plan, 22chemical weapon stockpiles and, 44gas warfare function centralization, 22Memorandum on Gas Poisoning in Warfare with Notes on itsPathology and Treatment, 90Notes on Gas as a Weapon in Modern War, 90USACHPPM. See US Army Center for Health Promotion andPrevention MedicineUSAMRICD. See US Army Medical Research Institute of ChemicalDefenseUSAMRIID. See US Army Medical Institute of Infectious DiseaseUSNS Comforthospital ship capability, 491USNS Mercyhospital ship capability, 491USS Bon Homme Richardhospital ship capability, 491USS Kearsagehospital ship capability, 491VV-series nerve agents. See also specific agentscategorization of (exhibit), 47production during the 1950s, 55weaponization of, 3VAC. See Vacuum-assisted closure therapyVacuum-assisted closure therapycontraindications to, 287mustard agent injuries, 287van Galen, Christoph Bernharduse of toxic smoke projectiles, 11Van Hooidonk, C.decontamination research, 534, 536Vanderbelt, J.M.cyanide poisoning research, 396Vedder, Lt. Col. Edwardcareer of (exhibit), 103chemical training for soldiers and, 103comments on Shryock, 108Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare, 1041-chloroacetophenone research, 462Veephysostigmine isolation, 46Ventilatory supportarrhythmias and, 190atropine and, 181, 186, 193hydrogen cyanide inhalation, 354incapacitating agent exposure and, 471–472intermediate syndrome, 318mass casualty incidents, 181, 519–520mechanical devices for, 181mouth-to-mouth ventilation, 181, 675mustard agent injuries, 288–289, 672nerve agent exposure treatment, 181–182, 520triage issues, 519–520Vesicants. See also Incapacitating agents; Lewisite; Mustard agent;Phosgene oximechemical, physical, environmental, and biological properties ofvesicating agents (table), 260–261conventional wounds contaminated with, 523description, 260, 667management of vesicant exposures (table), 671pediatric population and, 667–673prolonged morbidity from, 667triage considerations, 519, 521–522, 523types of, 260–261Veterans Administrationphosgene exposure research, 325–326study on the effects of mustard agent and lewisite exposure,312–313Viala, B.2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile research, 471Vietnam WarAgent Orange use, 341defoliant use, 105mustard agent use, 57tear gas use for clearing tunnels, 1052-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile use, 444Vinci, Leonardo dapoison projectile proposal, 11Vision. See EyesVolunteersanticholinergic deliriant testing on, 424–425effects of soman on acetylcholinesterase activity in wholeblood from human volunteers who had taken pyridostigminebromide (figure), 706effects of soman on acetylcholinesterase activity in wholeblood from human volunteers who were given an increasingdose of huperzine A (figure), 707medical research on human volunteers during the 1950s, 551-chloroacetophenone testing on, 461von Deimling, Gen.chemical warfare comments, 15–16von der Linde, Hans-Jürgensarin research, 47, 156von Krueger, Gerdeorganophosphorus compound research, 47von Tappen, Hanslxvi