Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfarephosgene and, 7362-PAM Cl. See 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride2-pralidoxime chloride. See 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chlorideadministration considerations, 187, 188–189, 652, 682–683combined with atropine, 183, 223, 651dosage considerations, 187, 189, 194intermediate syndrome treatment, 318limitations of, 653nerve agent exposure treatment, 174, 183, 197–198, 244, 316,651pediatric population and, 663, 664, 682–683side effects, 187, 188soman-induced seizure-related brain damage treatment, 227treatment of children and, 195UUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesCBRNE training programs, 768United Kingdom. See Great BritainUnited NationsBush’s and Blair’s warning on Iraq’s weapons of mass destructionprogram, 66Disarmament Committee, 137Iran-Iraq War and, 63report condemning the production and stockpiling of chemicalweapons, 60Yemen Civil War and, 58United States. See also specific conflicts, leaders, cities, states, militaryinstallations, agencies, and departmentschemical demilitarization program, 141–143, 609–611, 766Chemical Weapons Convention and, 65, 157chlorine production, 672chloropicrin production, 455diphenylaminearsine production, 464gas chamber executions with cyanide, 374Geneva Protocol ratification, 60, 137, 443Memorandum of Understanding with the Soviet Union onprohibiting chemical weapons, 63nerve agent weaponization, 3phosgene production, 345, 672plans for gas warfare during World War II, 52–53post-World War I chemical warfare policy, 44–45Russia’s elimination of chemical weapons and, 144sarin production, 157stockpile agent destruction (table), 143US-Soviet weapons destruction agreement, 138VX nerve agent development and production, 157World War I experience of chemical warfare, 21–42, 117University of Maryland Medical Centercoordination with local resources, 678triage for chemical agent casualties, 677University of Pennsylvanianeuropeptide research, 420Upshall, D.G.dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine research, 467, 469Urine sample analysisanalysis methods for urine samples to measure thiodiglycol orthiodiglycol and thiodiglycol-sulfide (table), 710analytical methods, 708–713application to human exposure, 713, 715–718collection issues, 692cyanide poisoning, 734guidelines for collection, 739lewisite exposure, 728, 729mustard agent exposure, 708–718noninvasive, 692published reports (1995-2006) of laboratory analysis of humanurine samples for glutathione reaction products following asuspected exposure to sulfur mustard (table), 720published reports (1995-2006) of laboratory analysis of humanurine samples for hydrolysis metabolites followingsuspected exposure to sulfur mustard (table), 719sample considerations, 739sample preparation methods for the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric/mass spectrometric analysis of the sulfurmustard urinary β-lyase metabolites (exhibit), 713US Air Forcecollectively protected expeditionary medical support and, 585field management of chemical casualties, 490–491US Army. See also Chemical Corps; Chemical Warfare Service; USDepartment of Defense; specific divisions and installationsarea medical laboratories, 763–764binary weapon research, 122–123Chemical Materials Agency, 142, 143Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program,142–143chemical training improvements during the 1980s, 63Defense Medical Readiness Training Institute, 768demilitarization of chemical agents, 141–143destruction of chemical weapons stockpile and, 610–611Employment of Chemical Agents, 136field management of chemical casualties, 481, 487, 489520th Theater Army Medical Laboratory, 693M20 simplified collective protection equipment and, 587Medical Department, 79Medical Management of Chemical Agent Casualties Handbook, 184reorganization of, 56–57substance abuse and dependency policies, 602–603Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency, 141Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties, 18420th Support Command, 763US Army Center for Environmental Health Researchbiomonitoring device, 631US Army Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Medicinedomestic preparedness role, 763, 764US Army Chemical Corps. See Chemical CorpsUS Army Chemical Materials Agencychemical accidents or incidents and, 607missions of, 596–597US Army Chemical SchoolCBRNE courses, 769US Army Materiel Commandchemical accidents or incidents and, 607US Army Medical Commanddomestic preparedness role, 761, 763, 764resources of, 764US Army Medical Departmentambulance company dressing stations, 93–94army-level gas hospitals, 97base and gas hospitals, 95bathing of chemical casualties, 92, 93, 95battalion aid stations, 92–93bulletins aimed at keeping personnel current on chemicalwarfare developments, 91casualty cards, 97classification of chemical casualties, 94–95classification of wounded soldiers, 97company aid posts, 92defensive gas training, 89difficulty of carrying “anti-gas” medical equipment, 96division field hospitals, 95–96division gas medical officers, 92division triage stations, 94lxiv