Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

Medical Aspects of Chemical WarfareOSHA Best Practices for Hospital-Based First Receivers of Victimsfrom Mass Casualty Incidents Involving the Release of HazardousSubstances, 493Osmond, Humphry“psychedelic” definition and, 416OTZ. See 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acidOwens, E.J.dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine research, 468Oxides of nitrogenair pollution and, 344–345diagnosis of exposure to, 358forms of, 344sources of, 358toxic effects of, 326–327, 358Oximes. See also Mark I kits; specific agentsadministration considerations, 188–189, 702antidote treatment nerve agent autoinjector and, 188, 189combined with atropine, 183, 188, 223cyclosarin exposure and, 202description, 186differences among agents, 187dosage considerations, 187–188mechanism of action, 186–187nerve agent exposure treatment, 186–189, 197–198, 663, 702pediatric population and, 663P-aminopropiophenonecyanide poisoning treatment, 394, 396PalestineIsrael’s possible use of DM against, 443Palmer, Col. John M.military training program comments, 56Palytoxinaccidental exposure, 620adverse effects of human palytoxin intoxication (exhibit), 621bioterrorism threat from, 622chemical structure (figure), 618clinical signs and symptoms of intoxication, 619health effects, 619laboratory findings, 619–620lethality of, 622mechanism of action, 617–618median lethal dose, 618–619physical examination results, 619primary source, 617protection against, 622public health surveillance programs, 622routes of exposure, 619, 620, 622sodium channel effects, 617–618stability of, 622synthesis, 617toxicity, 618–619, 620treatment, 620–622Papaverinepalytoxin intoxication treatment, 622Papirmeister, B.mustard agent research, 278PAPP. See P-aminopropiophenoneParalytic shellfish poisoningclinical signs and symptoms, 625–626food sources, 624–625physical examination and, 626red tide blooms and, 622saxitoxin and, 622, 624–625, 625–626tetrodotoxin and, 624–625ParathionPblood cholinesterase inhibition and, 165eye effects of exposure to, 170insecticide use, 158muscle necrosis and, 318Paris Convention. See Chemical Weapons ConventionPARP inhibitors. See Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitorsPatel, Marilyn Hallgas chamber executions with cyanide and, 374Patient protective wrapsdescription and uses, 587Patient thorough decontaminationbenefits of, 540civilian sector and, 540–541decontamination shelters, 544–546, 552decontamination worker protection, 541–543description, 500, 528detection devices, 544handling patients, 547hospital areas for, 529individual protective equipment, 543–544medical monitoring, 541musculoskeletal injury to decontamination workers, 541need for, 539–540night operations and, 547–548personnel needs, 540–541transport equipment, 544water concerns, 546–547work-rest cycles for workers, 542, 543worker safety and, 541–543wound contamination and, 538PATS. See M41 protection assessment test systemPattle, R.E.dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine research, 467Paulet, G.cyanide poisoning research, 394, 396PAVA. See Pelargonyl vanillylamidePB. See Pyridostigmine bromidePbTx. See BrevetoxinPCPdescription and incapacitating effects, 419treatment for intoxication by, 420Pediatrics. See Infants and children; Medical management ofchemical toxicity in pediatricsPelargonyl vanillylamidechemical structure (figure), 453police department use, 443synthesis of, 453Pentazocinedescription and incapacitating effects, 418–419Pereira, M.A.phosgene research, 737Perfluoroisobutylenenonmilitary uses, 357physiological effects, 354supportive care for exposure to, 358toxic effects of, 324, 326, 345toxic fumes from, 357–358treatment for inhalation of, 354Periodic medical examinations for chemical workerscomparing data from preplacement examinations, 600frequency and extent of, 600–601interval medical history and physical, 601Pershing, Gen. John J.AEF leadership, 22, 24, 25, 27, 33, 36, 89comments on the importance of chemical warfare, 41Pershing missilesnerve agent delivery, 122liv