Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfaremustard agent and, 20Fujikawa, D.G.ketamine research, 230Fuller, Maj. Gen. J.F.C.Italian-Ethiopian War observation report, 46GG8 Global Partnership against Proliferation of Weapons and Materialsof Mass DestructionRussia’s elimination of chemical weapons and, 144G-series nerve agents. See also specific agentscategorization of (exhibit), 47World War II use of, 3GA. See TabunGacyclidinesoman-induced seizure-related brain damage treatment, 230GalanthamineAlzheimer’s disease treatment, 158Gangliosidesmechanism of action, 227soman-induced seizure-related brain damage treatment, 227Gas chromatographyblood sample analysis for mustard agent exposure, 721, 723,725, 726combined with liquid chromatography for mustard agent assays,711, 713lewisite exposure, 728nerve agent assays and, 695, 699sample preparation methods for the gas chromatographicmassspectrometric analysis of sulfur mustard adducts toblood biomolecules (exhibit), 724–725sample preparation time, 693urine sample analysis for mustard agent, 710, 716–717, 718USAMRICD research, 693use with MS, 692, 693“Gas fright” syndromedescription, 82Gas masks. See also Respiratorsactivated charcoal use in, 561butyl rubber and, 562, 563canisters for, 561chemical destruction of the agent and, 561composition of, 562dead space and, 563development of, 18developmental objectives, 563early types, 80effectiveness against chlorine and phosgene, 19effectiveness against mustard agent, 21faceblanks for, 563“hypo helmets,” 561joint service general purpose masks, 563M17 series, 561modern design features, 561–562nose cups for, 563original design features, 561perfluorocarbon rubber and, 562silicone rubber and, 562, 563types of devices (figure), 84use of for children, 657voicemitters, 562Gastrointestinal tractbrevetoxin effects, 630chloropicrin effects, 457dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine effects, 468diphenylaminearsine effects, 466mustard agent exposure effects, 275–276, 288, 290, 670, 672oleoresin capsicum effects, 455palytoxin effects, 6192-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile effects, 452Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louiscyanide research, 373GB. See SarinGC. See Gas chromatographyGD. See SomanGender factorsbutyrylcholinesterase activity, 164erythrocyte cholinesterase, 164Geneva Protocolchemical weapons provisions, 57, 61, 136–137, 341, 413development of, 136–137United States ratification of, 60, 137weakness of, 137Genovese, R.F.equine serum butyrylcholinesterase research, 249Germany. See also specific battles and battle sitesairplane gas attacks during World War I (exhibit), 26chemical warfare use during World War I, 12–21, 79–82, 341,413chlorine gas attacks, 12, 14–18experimental testing of chemical and biological warfare agentsin concentration camps, 105, 157failure to use chemical weapons in World War II, 48–50, 157,262, 413mustard agent attacks, 2–3, 15, 18, 20–21, 25–26, 83, 261–262nerve agent production, 48, 156nerve agent use in World War II and, 3, 413phosgene attacks, 19–20phosgene oxime production, 294Russia’s elimination of chemical weapons and, 145secret development of nerve agents, 46trichloromethyl chloroformate attacks, 20Zyklon B use in Nazi concentration camps, 15, 51, 105, 373,397, 656Gershon, S.organophosphate insecticide exposure research, 319, 320GF. See CyclosarinGiesbrecht, G.G.hypothermia research, 548Gilchrist, Col. Harry L.chemical training for soldiers and, 103Chemical Warfare Service leadership, 90–91, 97plan of a division in action for chemical warfare trainingpurposes (figure), 86“Symptomology, Pathology and General Treatment of GasCases,” 91GK-11. See GacyclidineGlass, Col. Albertincapacitating agent treatment research, 430Glaucomacarbamate treatment, 158Gloveschemical protective glove set, 573–574decontamination of chemical casualties and, 539joint service lightweight integrated suit technology block 2glove upgrade, 574Glutathione. See also Diglutathionyl dithiocarbonatedescription, 735mechanism of lung injury, 352–353mustard agent reactions with, 265, 708, 711, 717–718phosgene exposure and, 735–736, 738reaction pathway of glutathione (figure), 712Glycolates. See Anticholinergic deliriantsGM1 monosialogangliosidexl