Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfarestatus epilepticus treatment, 231Durham, W.F.organophosphate insecticide exposure research, 319Dynport Vaccine Companyplasma-derived human butyrylcholinesterase production, 653EEaston, D.F.mustard agent exposure research, 313Ecstasy. See 3,4-methylene-dioxymethylamphetamineEddleston, M.atropine treatment research, 184Edgewood Arsenal, MDChemical Warfare Service and, 44, 117incapacitating agent research, 414, 422–424, 425–426, 463–464,466, 467mustard agent production, 119phosgene production, 119post-World War I chemical training and research, 103shell-filling plants, 1173-quinuclidinyl benzilate research, 422–4242-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile research, 450EEG effects. See Electroencephalographic effectsEgyptancient use of toxic smoke, 10Yemen Civil War and, 57–58, 341Yom Kippur War and, 61Eisenhower, Pres. Dwight D.incapacitating agent research and, 414Eldad, A.mustard agent injury treatment, 284Electroencephalographic effectsnerve agent exposure, 176–177, 321–322organophosphate insecticide exposure, 321three-stage changes, 177Electrometric ChE assaydescription and development of, 704ELISA. See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayEllman assaycholinesterase analysis, 702Elsayed, N.M.mustard agent research, 265EMPA. See Ethyl methylphosphonic acidEmployment of Chemical Agents, Field Manual 3-10, 136Enzyme debridementmustard agent injury treatment, 284–285Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaymustard agent exposure, 718, 721, 723phosgene exposure, 738Enzymes. See BioscavengersEPA. See US Environmental Protection AgencyEq BChE. See equine serum butyrylcholinesteraseEquine serum butyrylcholinesterasebioscavenging use, 245, 246Equipment decontaminationM295 equipment decontamination kits, 582M17 lightweight decontamination system, 583M100 sorbent decontamination system, 582–583Erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser ablationmustard agent injury treatment, 284Er:YAG. See Erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser ablationErythrocyte cholinesterasegender differences in activity of, 164physiological role, 164relation of effects of nerve agent exposure to erythrocyte cholinesteraseactivity (table), 166Ethiopia. See Italian-Ethiopian WarEthyl bromoacetate tear gasWorld War I and, 12–13Ethyl iodoacetate tear gasWorld War I and, 13Ethyl methylphosphonic acidVS nerve agent assays and, 695Ethyl-S-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate. See VXnerve agentExplosive release of chemical weapons. See also specific systems, i.e.,Cluster bombsdescription, 132droplet release, 132–133vapor release, 132, 134Exposure routes of nerve agents. See also specific agentsdefinitions of Ct, LCt 50 , and LD 50 (exhibit), 168dermal exposure to liquid, 169–170, 185–186, 244effects of dermal exposure to liquid nerve agents (table), 169effects of exposure to nerve agent vapor (table), 169inhalational exposure to vapor, 168–169, 185, 244Eyesatropine treatment and, 191–192chloropicrin effects, 457chronic eye disease, 314corneal damage, 274, 314dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine effects, 468dilute hypochlorite and, 537dim vision, 171–172diphenylaminearsine effects, 466eye pain, 172incapacitating agent effects, 442, 471irrigation of, 277, 287lewisite exposure effects, 293light reduction, 171–172mustard agent exposure effects, 274–275, 278, 290, 312, 667,670, 672mustard agent injury treatment, 287, 288nerve agent exposure effects, 170–172oleoresin capsicum effects, 4551-chloroacetophenone effects, 461, 463palytoxin effects, 619, 621phosgene oxime exposure effects, 295recovery from injury to, 274, 278topical antibiotics for, 287, 288transient vision loss, 2872-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile effects, 448, 451–452visual acuity, 172Fabrizi, L.phosgene research, 737FBI. See Federal Bureau of InvestigationFBS AChE. See Fetal bovine serum AChEFDA. See US Food and Drug AdministrationFederal Bureau of Investigationcounterterrorism plans, 128homeland security role, 755oleoresin capsicum research, 443riot control agent use to attack the Branch Davidian compoundin Waco, TX, 125terrorist plot to release chlorine gas at Disneyland and, 657Federal Emergency Management AgencyChemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program role,766–767counterterrorism plans, 128formation of, 755state and regional coordination and, 759Federal Response PlanFxxxviii