Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

Indexpackaging specimens, 740phosgene exposure, 734–738preparing, shipping, and storing specimens, 740–741sample considerations, 739–741sulfur mustard exposure, 706–7283-quinuclidinyl benzilate, 738–739Dianisidine chlorosulphonatedevelopment and use of, 13–14, 79Diazepamanticonvulsive therapy, 189–190, 316arrhythmia treatment, 179brevetoxin intoxication treatment, 630Convulsive Antidote, Nerve Agent injector for, 189–190incapacitating effects, 420pediatric population and, 664severe nerve agent exposure and, 193, 194, 223, 244, 316, 520soman-induced seizure-related brain damage treatment,227–228, 230, 231–232Dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepineacute effects, 467characteristics of PS, CN, DM, and CR (table), 458–459chemical structure (figure), 467clinical effects, 467–469deployment methods, 467initial deployment of, 442long-term effects, 468–469nonmilitary uses, 342physical characteristics, 467physiological effects, 467severe medical complications, 468–469Dichlorethylsulphide. See Mustard agentDicobalt edetate. See Cobalt EDTADiglutathionyl dithiocarbonate. See also Glutathionechemical structure (figure), 735phosgene exposure and, 735–736Diisopropyl aminoethanethiolVX nerve agent assays and, 695Diisopropyl fluorophosphatebioscavenger use on, 250British research on, 48electroencephalographic effects, 321toxicity of, 48Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate. See Sarinblood cholinesterase inhibition and, 164–165electroencephalographic effects, 176–177insecticide use, 158–159Diller, W.F.phosgene research, 735Dimercaprol. See British antilewisiteDiphenylaminearsineacute effects, 465–466characteristics of PS, CN, DM, and CR (table), 458–459chemical structure (figure), 464clinical effects, 465–466deployment of, 464development of, 442, 464incapacitating dose, 465incapacitating effects, 416long-term effects, 466mortality from, 465physical characteristics, 464physiological effects, 464severe medical complications, 466Diphosgene. See ChloropicrinDissociative anesthetics. See also specific agentsdescription and incapacitating effects, 419–420Ditranincapacitating effects, 426Dizocilpinesoman-induced seizure-related brain damage treatment,227–228toxic effect of, 228DM. See DiphenylaminearsineDNA. See Deoxyribonucleic acidDoD. See US Department of DefenseDomankevitz, Y.mustard agent injury treatment, 285Domestic preparednesschemical preparedness programs and initiatives, 766–767Chemical Security Analysis Center, 767Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program,766–767DoD roles, 758–761DoD support to civil authorities, 761–764effective information flow and, 754emerging threats, 754exercises, 766–767, 769–770federal emergency response plan (figure), 762“incident command system” and, 754Laboratory Response Network, 765–766local responses, 754military healthcare role, 754, 764National Bio-Defense Analysis and Countermeasure Center,767national civilian preparedness, 1990-2001, 754–755National Disaster Medical System, 765national preparedness programs and initiatives, 765–766“120 Cities Program,” 755organizational outline for incident management command(figure), 757overview of the initial federal involvement under the StaffordAct (figure), 760post-September 11, 2001, 755–758state and regional authorities and, 754Strategic National Stockpile, 765training and education, 767–770DonepezilAlzheimer’s disease treatment, 158Dorandeu, F.ketamine research, 230Doughty, Johnchemical warfare proposals, 11–12Downey, Maj. FairfaxHow to Tell the Gases poem, 41DPIA. See Dry powder inhaler atropineDrager-Tubes industrial detectors, 580–581Drasch, G.tissue sample analysis of mustard agent exposure, 726urine sample analysis for mustard agent exposure, 710,715–716Dronesnerve agent delivery, 122Dry decontaminantsanimal studies, 534, 536description, 534examples of, 536M291 skin decontamination kits, 533, 536, 581water issues, 546Dry powder inhaler atropinedevelopment of, 652Dugway Proving Ground, UTopen-air test of lethal chemical agents, 123sheep-kill incident, 59Durham, D.xxxvii