Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

Indexbioscavenger use, 245, 706description, 158gender differences in activity of, 164physiological role, 163succinylcholine and, 164synthesis of, 163–164BZ. See 3-quinuclidinyl benzilateCCaE. See CarboxylesteraseCAIs. See Chemical accidents or incidentsCalabar beanuse as a nerve agent, 156Calamine lotionmustard agent exposure treatment, 670Californiaaccidental chloropicrin exposure in Kern, CA, 456, 457Calmatives. See BioregulatorsCambrai, Battle ofchemical warfare, 24–25trench conditions, 24CANA. See Convulsive Antidote, Nerve Agent injectorCanadaRussia’s elimination of chemical weapons and, 145Canadian Department of National DefenceReactive Skin Decontamination Lotion and, 652–653Cannabinoidsdescription and effects of, 418Cantigny, Battle ofchemical attacks, 27, 29Capacio, B.R.blood sample analysis of mustard agent exposure (figure), 725Caplin ammonia inhalation classification, 355Capsaicin. See Oleoresin capsicumCarbamatescharacteristics of, 198–199chemical structure (figure), 198compounds included, 158mechanism of action, 161, 198uses of, 158Carbon monoxide gasGermany’s experimental testing on human subjects in concentrationcamps, 105Carboxylesterasebioscavenging use, 246Carcinomadibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine exposure and, 468–469mustard agent exposure and, 312–314, 313–314, 315–3161-chloroacetophenone and, 461palytoxin and, 6192-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile and, 449Cardiovascular systemAmerican Heart Association recommended values for safecardiovascular function (table), 542arrhythmias, 179–180batrachotoxin effects, 633brevetoxin effects, 630change in the electrocardiogram caused by the presence ofcyanide in the tissue (figure), 392cyanide poisoning effects, 391–393effects of nerve agent exposure, 179–180electrocardiogram from a cyanide-intoxicated individual(figure), 392heart rate, 180incapacitating agent exposure effects, 472palytoxin effects, 619, 620paralytic shellfish poisoning effects, 626saxitoxin effects, 623, 627tetrodotoxin effects, 623, 627Carfentanildescription and incapacitating effects, 419Cassava rootcyanide exposure and, 323, 374, 390, 731Castro, J.A.1-chloroacetophenone research, 460Catalytic bioscavengerschloroperoxidase, 250compared with stoichiometric scavengers, 250human paraoxonase 1, 250–251sources of, 250CBRNE incidents. See Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclearor explosive incidentsCDC. See Center for Disease Control and PreventionCenter for Disease Control and Prevention. See also National Institutefor Occupational Safety and Healthclassification of bioterrorism agents/diseases (table), 617demilitarization of chemical agents and, 142, 143Enhanced Surveillance Program, 622Laboratory Response Network and, 765–766list of toxic chemicals and chemical agents, chemical characteristics,and medical first aid and antidote treatment, 761phosgene inhalation treatment guidelines, 354sample collection, shipping, and storage guidelines, 739–741Strategic National Stockpile and, 765threat agent categorization, 616–617Center for Pediatric Emergency Medicinepediatric nerve agent antidote dosing schedule, 684Central Intelligence Agencylysergic acid diethylamide and, 414saxitoxin capsules and, 628terrorist interest in food and water contamination, 672Central nervous systembatrachotoxin effects, 633brain lesions, 178cyanide poisoning effects, 393–394electroencephalographic effects of nerve agent exposure,176–177, 321–322hypoxia, 178–179, 180, 287long-term effects of nerve agent exposure, 177–179mustard agent effects, 276, 290, 315, 669nerve agent effects, 175–179, 317neuropsychiatric symptoms, 315organophosphate insecticide effects, 317palytoxin effects, 621pediatric exposure to toxic agents and, 659polyneuropathy, 317saxitoxin effects, 623, 625–626seizures, 178–179soman effects, 416tetrodotoxin effects, 623, 625–626CG. See PhosgeneChadLibya’s use of chemical weapons against, 63Champagne-Marne defensivechemical attacks, 30US participation (figure), 31Chapman, A.J.1-chloroacetophenone research, 462Charles XII, King (Sweden)use of toxic smoke projectiles, 11Chateau-Thierry, Battle ofchemical attacks, 29overview and detailed maps (exhibit), 28ChE inhibitors. See Cholinesterase inhibitorsxxxi