Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfareclinical presentation, 355–356corticosteroid treatment, 353gaseous ammonia effects at various concentrations (table), 355nonmilitary use, 341–342signs and symptoms of inhalation, 353AMN. See Atropine methylnitrateAmyl nitritecyanide poisoning treatment, 383–384, 394–395, 397, 675–676Anders, M.W.phosgene research, 736Anesthetics. See also specific agentsdissociative anesthetics, 419–420pediatric population and, 665, 667Angolause of nerve agents against rebels, 63Ansauville, Battle ofphosgene and chloropicrin attacks, 25–26AnthraxCDC categorization as a category A threat agent, 616Anthrax attacksdomestic preparedness and, 761Strategic National Stockpile and, 765Antibiotics. See also Topical antibioticschlorine exposure treatment, 673mustard agent treatment, 672toxic industrial chemical exposure treatment, 363Anticholinergic deliriants. See also specific agentsancillary supportive measures for the treatment of delirium(exhibit), 430compound comparisons, 424–425diagnosis of syndromes caused by, 428incapacitating effects, 413, 421, 422–425mechanism of action, 422, 425safety of, 427summary of BZ and fentanyl derivatives (exhibit), 429testing on volunteers, 424–425treatment for intoxication, 425–426Anticonvulsive therapy. See also specific agentsnerve agent exposure and, 189–190Antidote treatment nerve agent autoinjectornerve agent exposure treatment, 182–186, 192, 193, 194, 518,520–521, 651, 663replacement of Mark I kits and, 651, 652Antioxidantstreatment of mustard agent exposure, 282Antipsychotic drugs. See also specific agentsincapacitating effects, 420side effects, 420Anxietydifferential diagnosis of incapacitating agent intoxication, 428Arab-Israeli Six-Day Warbiological warfare and, 58nerve agent use, 58Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur Warchemical weapons and, 61ARDS. See Acute respiratory distress syndromeArea medical laboratoriesdomestic preparedness role, 763–764endemic diseases section, 764nuclear, biological, and chemical section, 764occupational and environmental health section, 763–764professional officer filler information system, 764structure of, 763Armed Forces Institute of Pathology1-chloroacetophenone research, 463Armed Forces Radiobiology Research InstituteCBRNE training program, 768Arrhythmiasnerve agent exposure and, 179–180treatment for, 179, 190ventilatory support, 190Arsenicals. See Lewisite; Phosgene oximeArthur, Vice Admiral Stanleychemical warfare comments, 64AS. See Atropine sulfateAsahara, ShokoAum Shinrikyo and, 127Ashani, Y.plasma-derived human butyrylcholinesterase research, 245Ashton, I.dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine research, 467“Assay Techniques for Detection of Exposure to Sulfur Mustard,Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Sarin, Soman, GF, and Cyanide”(Technical Bulletin Medical 296), 693Assays of adducts to biomoleculesanalytical methods, 698–699analytical methods using adducts to biomolecules (table), 700application to human exposures, 699–701methods used to confirm human exposures to nerve agent adductsto biomolecules (table), 701ATCA. See 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acidAtkisson, Col. E.J.AEF 1st Gas Regiment leadership, 22Atlanta Olympics bomb scare, 754ATNAA. See Antidote treatment nerve agent autoinjectorAtroPennerve agent exposure treatment, 182, 663pediatric population and, 663Atropine. See also Atropine sulfate; Dry powder inhaler atropineantidote drug card for pediatric dosing of atropine (figure),683brevetoxin intoxication treatment, 630incapacitating effects, 412, 413, 422, 425, 426pediatric population and, 663–664saxitoxin treatment, 627tetrodotoxin treatment, 627Atropine methylnitratesoman-induced seizure-related brain damage treatment, 227,228Atropine sulfateadjuncts to, 182antidote treatment nerve agent autoinjector, 182–186arrhythmia treatment, 179, 190asymptomatic persons and, 185combined with oximes, 183, 188combined with 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride, 183cyclosarin exposure and, 202dosage considerations, 182–186eye pain and, 192goal of therapy, 184–185inhalational exposure to vapor treatment, 185IV delivery of, 180Mark I kits, 182–186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 663mechanism of action, 182, 316medical aerosolized nerve agent antidote, 186, 192nerve agent exposure treatment, 175, 182–186, 244, 316organophosphorus compound exposure treatment, 184pediatric population and, 195routes of administration, 193–194side effects, 182–183topical application of, 190ventilatory support and, 181, 186, 193aTSP. See Active topical skin protectantAtta, Gen. Qassimxxviii