Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

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Abbreviations and AcronymsAbBreviations a n d AcronymsAA: arachidonic acidAC: hydrogen cyanideACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial HygienistsAch: acetylcholineAChE: acetylcholinesteraseADMS: assistant director of medical servicesAEF: American Expeditionary ForcesAEGL: acute exposure guidance levelAML: area medical laboratoryAMN: atropine methylnitrateAR: Army RegulationARC: American Red CrossARDS: acute respiratory distress syndromeATCA: 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acidATNAA: antidote treatment nerve agent autoinjectorATP: adenosine triphosphateaTSP: active topical skin protectantA-V: atrial-ventricularABA: bromoacetoneBAL: British anti-Lewisite (dimercaprol)BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluidBAS: battalion aid stationBBC: bromobenzyl cyanideBChE: butyrylcholinesteraseBEF: British Expeditionary ForcesBMZ: basement membrane zoneBTX: batrachotoxinBZ: 3-quinuclidinyl benzilateBCCA: bromobenzyl cyanideCaE: carboxylesteraseCAI: chemical accident or incidentCAIRA: chemical accident or incident response and assistancecAMP: adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphateCANA: convulsive antidote, nerve agentCAS: Chemical Abstracts ServiceCB: chemical-biologicalCBIRF: Chemical/Biological Incident Response ForceCBR: chemical, biological, and radiologicalCBRN: chemical, biological radiological, and nuclearCBRNE: chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosiveCBRRT: chemical biological rapid response teamCDC: Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCEA: cultured epidermal autograftcGMP: current Good Manufacturing PracticeCHASE (Operation): Cut Holes and Sink ‘EmChE: cholinesteraseCK: cyanogen chlorideCN - : cyanide anionCN: chloroacetophenoneCNO - : cyanateCNS: central nervous systemCOLPRO: collective protectionCP EMEDS: collectively protected expeditionary medical supportCPRP: chemical personnel reliability programCR: dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepineCS: o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrileCSA: The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the LordCSEPP: Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness ProgramCSF: colony-stimulating factorCSMSPD: chemical surety medical support program directorCt: concentration (C) of agent vapor or aerosol in air multipliedby time (t) of exposureCWA: chemical warfare agentCWC: Chemical Weapons Convention (1993)CWS: US Army Chemical Warfare ServiceDA PAM: Department of the Army pamphletDA: diphenylchloroarsineDC: diphenylcyanoarsineDCE: defense coordinating elementDEET: N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamideDEPMEDS: deployable medical systemDFP: diisopropyl phosphorofluoridateDHHS: Department of Health and Human ServicesDHP: diisopropylfluorophosphateDHS: Department of Homeland SecurityDM: diphenylaminoarsine4-DMAP: 4-dimethylaminophenolDMS: director of medical servicesDNA: deoxyribonucleic acidDoD: Department of DefenseDOE: Department of EnergyDOJ: Department of JusticeDOT: Department of TransportationDVA: Department of Veterans AffairsDECG: electrocardiogramEDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetateEEG: electroencephalogramEKG: electrocardiogramEMEDS: expeditionary medical supportEMS: emergency medical serviceEMT: emergency medical technicianEOC: emergency operations centerEPA: Environmental Protection AgencyEq: equineER: endoplasmic reticulumEr: YAG: erbium: yttrium-aluminium-garnetESF: emergency support functionFBI: Federal Bureau of InvestigationFBS: fetal bovine serumFCC: federal coordinating centerFDA: Food and Drug AdministrationFEMA: Federal Emergency Management AgencyFHP: force health protectionFOC: full operational capabilityFRC: forward resuscitation careEFxxiii
Medical Aspects of Chemical WarfareGGA: tabunGABA(A): gamma-aminobutyric AGB: sarinGD: somanGF: cyclosarinGK-11: gacyclidineGM1: monosialotetrahexosylgangliosideGSA: General Services AdministrationGSH: glutathioneH: mustardH 2 O 2 : hydrogen peroxideH 2 S: hydrogen sulfideHAZMAT: hazardous materialsHAZWOPER: hazardous waste operations and emergencyresponseHC: hexachloroethaneHCN: hydrogen cyanideHD: mustard (distilled)HE: high explosivesHHS: Department of Health and Human ServicesHN2: nitrogen mustardHSS: health service supportHu PON1: human paraoxonase 1HWA: HeereswaffenamtICAM: improved chemical agent monitorICG: indocyanine greenICS: incident command systemIDLH: immediately dangerous to life or healthIgG: immunogammaglobulinIL: interleukinIM: intramuscularIMA: installation medical authorityIND: investigational new drugIOC: initial operational capabilityIOT&E: initial operational test and evaluationIP: intraperitoneal injectionIPE: individual protective ensemble/equipmentIV: intravenousHJFO: joint field officeJPEO: joint program executive officeJPEO-CBD: Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical BiologicalDefenseJPMO: joint product management officeJSGPM: joint service general purpose maskJSLIST: joint service lightweight integrated suit technologyJSMLT: joint service mask leakage testerJSPDS: joint service personnel skin decontamination systemJTF: joint task forceKCN: potassium cyanideK m : a measure of the strength of binding of a substrate to anenzymeIJKLCt 50 : the vapor or aerosol exposure that is lethal to 50% of theexposed populationLD 50 : median lethal doseLDPI: laser Doppler perfusion imagingLHON: Leber hereditary optic neuropathyLPS: lipopolysaccharideLSD: lysergic acid diethylamideLMMAC: multiagency coordinationMANAA: medical aerosolized nerve agent antidoteMCE: maximum credible eventMDMA: 3, 4-methylene-dioxymethylamphetamineMEDCOM: medical commandMEDEVAC: medical evacuationMITS: medical identification and treatment systemsMO: medical officerMOPP: mission-oriented protective postureMPE: most probable eventMRI: magnetic resonance imagingMRT: mean residence timeMRT: medical response teamMS C LRIP: milestone C low rate initial productionMT: metric tonMTF: medical treatment facilityMULO: multipurpose overbootN 2 O: nitrogen oxideN 2 O 4 : nitrogen tetroxideNAAG: N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamateNaCN: sodium cyanideNAD + : nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNaNO 2 : sodium nitriteNATO: North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNBC: nuclear, biological, chemicalNCO: noncommissioned officerNCS: National Communications SystemNDA: new drug applicationNDMS: National Disaster Medical SystemNF: number facilityNIMS: National Incident Management SystemNIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthNMDA: N-methyl d-aspartateNO: nitric oxideNO 2 : nitrogen dioxideNORTHCOM: Northern CommandNRP: National Response PlanNSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugNSP: neurotoxic shellfish poisoningNOOC: oleoresin capsicumOH: hydroxyl radicalOP: organophosphorusOPCW: Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical WeaponsOPIDN: organophosphorus ester–induced delayed neurotoxicityOps: operationsOSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administrationxxiv
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The Coat of Arms1818Medical Departm
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Textbooks of Military MedicinePubli
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MEDICAL ASPECTS o fCHEMICAL WARFARE
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ContentsContributorsForeword by The
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ContributorsMICHAEL ADLER, PhDResea
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DONALD M. MAXWELL, MSResearch Chemi
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ForewordThe US military has been co
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PrefaceA significant concern for th
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PrologueThe original edition of Med
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xxii
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Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare
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Nerve AgentsChapter 5NERVE AGENTSFR
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Nerve AgentsAbout 10,000 to 30,000
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Nerve Agentsphorofluoridate (DFP) w
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Nerve AgentsFig. 5-2. This schemati
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Nerve AgentsExhibit 5-1 continuedis
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Nerve Agentsactivity but only 15% t
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-3CHEMICAL, PHYS
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-4EFFECTS OF EXP
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Nerve Agentsaffecting the other eye
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Nerve Agentsmay cause severe rhinor
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Nerve Agentsof jerks and tremor.Cen
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Nerve Agentsand they were decreased
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Nerve Agentsnerve agent toxicity on
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Nerve Agentspatient. Decontaminatio
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Nerve AgentsFig. 5-5. The Mark I ki
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Nerve Agentsadministered intramuscu
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Nerve Agentsthat hydroxamine reacti
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Nerve AgentsOral administration may
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-7RECOMMENDED TH
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Nerve Agentsimpairment such as whee
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Nerve Agentssuboptimal, manner. The
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Nerve Agentsthan those who did not.
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Nerve Agentssible for binding nerve
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Nerve Agentsfor comparison was not
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-11EFFECTS OF PY
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Nerve Agentstivity of smooth muscle
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Nerve Agents38. Grob D, Lilienthal
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Nerve Agents77. McDonough JH, Shih
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Nerve Agents117. McLeod CG Jr, Sing
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Nerve Agents154. Tryphonas l, Veino
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Nerve Agents193. Funckes AJ. Treatm
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Nerve Agents235. Suzuki T, Morita H
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Nerve Agents274. Pellegrini JE, Bak
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PROCESSMedical Aspects of Chemical
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesChapte
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesreceiv
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesentran
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiescatego
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesIn a f
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesnose)
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesWith n
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Triage of Chemical Casualties14. Sa
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Decontamination of Chemical Casualt
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Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

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