Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

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Medical Diagnostics99. Sandelowsky I, Simon GA, Bel P, Barak R, Vincze A. N1-(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl)-4-methyl imidazole (4-met-1-imidthiodiglycol)in plasma and urine: a novel metabolite following dermal exposure to sulphur mustard. Arch Toxicol.1992;66:296–297.100. Price EO, Smith JR, Clark CR, Schlager JJ, Shih ML. MALDI-ToF/MS as a diagnostic tool for the confirmation sulfurmustard exposure. J Appl Toxicol. 2000;20(suppl 1):S193–S197.101. Willems JL. Clinical management of mustard gas casualties. Ann Med Milit (Belgium). 1989;3(suppl):1–61.102. Jakubowski EM, Sidell FR, Evans RA, et al. Quantification of thiodiglycol in human urine after an accidental sulfurmustard exposure. Toxicol Methods. 2000;10:143–150.103. Carroll LS. Sulfur mustard: cutaneous exposure. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(1):55.104. Newmark J, Langer JM, Capacio B, Barr J, McIntosh RG. Liquid sulfur mustard exposure. Mil Med. 2007;172(2):196–198.105. Barr JR, Young CL, Woolfit AR, et al. Comprehensive quantitative tandem MS analysis of urinary metabolites andalbumin adducts following an accidental human exposure to sulfur mustard. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Conference ofthe American Society of Mass Spectrometry. San Antonio, Tex: June 5–9, 2005.106. Ludlum DB, Austin-Ritchie P, Hagopian M, Niu TQ, Yu D. Detection of sulfur mustard-induced DNA modifications.Chem Biol Interact. 1994;91:39–49.107. Van der Schans GP, Scheffer AG, Mars-Groenendijk RH, Fidder A, Benschop HP, Baan RA. Immunochemical detectionof adducts of sulfur mustard to DNA of calf thymus and human white blood cells. Chem Res Toxicol. 1994;7:408–413.108. Van der Schans GP, Mars-Groenendijk R, de Jong LP, Benschop HP, Noort D. Standard operating procedure for immunoslotblotassay for analysis of DNA/sulfur mustard adducts in human blood and skin. J Anal Toxicol. 2004;28:316–319.109. Fidder A, Moes GWH, Scheffer AG, et al. Synthesis, characterization, and quantitation of the major adducts formedbetween sulfur mustard and DNA of calf thymus and human blood. Chem Res Toxicol. 1994;7:199–204.110. Noort D, Verheij ER, Hulst AG, de Jong LP, Benschop HP. Characterization of sulfur mustard induced structuralmodifications in human hemoglobin by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol.1996;9:781–787.111. Black RM, Harrison JM, Read RW. Biological fate of sulphur mustard: in vitro alkylation of human haemoglobin bysulphur mustard. Xenobiotica. 1997;27:11–32.112. Noort D, Hulst AG, Trap HC, de Jong LPA, Benschop HP. Synthesis and mass spectrometric identification of the majoramino acid adducts formed between sulphur mustard and haemoglobin in human blood. Arch Toxicol. 1997;71:171–178.113. Fidder A, Noort D, de Jong AL, Trap HC, de Jong LPA, Benschop HP. Monitoring of in vitro and in vivo exposure tosulfur mustard by GC/MS determination of the N-terminal valine adduct in hemoglobin after a modified Edmandegradation. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996;9:788–792.114. Black RM, Clarke RJ, Harrison JM, Read RW. Biological fate of sulphur mustard: identification of valine and histidineadducts in haemoglobin from casualties of sulphur mustard poisoning. Xenobiotica. 1997;27:499–512.115. Noort D, Hulst AG, de Jong LP, Benschop HP. Alkylation of human serum albumin by sulfur mustard in vitro andin vivo: mass spectrometric analysis of a cysteine adduct as a sensitive biomarker of exposure. Chem Res Toxicol.1999;12:715–721.116. Noort D, Fidder A, Hulst AG, Woolfitt AR, Ash D, Barr JR. Retrospective detection of exposure to sulfur mustard:improvements on an assay for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of albumin-sulfur mustardadducts. J Anal Toxicol. 2004;28:333–338.747
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The Coat of Arms1818Medical Departm
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Textbooks of Military MedicinePubli
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MEDICAL ASPECTS o fCHEMICAL WARFARE
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ContentsContributorsForeword by The
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ContributorsMICHAEL ADLER, PhDResea
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DONALD M. MAXWELL, MSResearch Chemi
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ForewordThe US military has been co
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PrefaceA significant concern for th
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PrologueThe original edition of Med
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xxii
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Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare
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Nerve AgentsChapter 5NERVE AGENTSFR
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Nerve AgentsAbout 10,000 to 30,000
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Nerve Agentsphorofluoridate (DFP) w
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Nerve AgentsFig. 5-2. This schemati
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Nerve AgentsExhibit 5-1 continuedis
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Nerve Agentsactivity but only 15% t
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-3CHEMICAL, PHYS
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-4EFFECTS OF EXP
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Nerve Agentsaffecting the other eye
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Nerve Agentsmay cause severe rhinor
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Nerve Agentsof jerks and tremor.Cen
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Nerve Agentsand they were decreased
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Nerve Agentsnerve agent toxicity on
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Nerve Agentspatient. Decontaminatio
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Nerve AgentsFig. 5-5. The Mark I ki
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Nerve Agentsadministered intramuscu
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Nerve Agentsthat hydroxamine reacti
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Nerve AgentsOral administration may
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-7RECOMMENDED TH
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Nerve Agentsimpairment such as whee
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Nerve Agentssuboptimal, manner. The
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Nerve Agentsthan those who did not.
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Nerve Agentssible for binding nerve
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Nerve Agentsfor comparison was not
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-11EFFECTS OF PY
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Nerve Agentstivity of smooth muscle
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Nerve Agents38. Grob D, Lilienthal
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Nerve Agents77. McDonough JH, Shih
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Nerve Agents117. McLeod CG Jr, Sing
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Nerve Agents154. Tryphonas l, Veino
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Nerve Agents193. Funckes AJ. Treatm
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Nerve Agents235. Suzuki T, Morita H
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Nerve Agents274. Pellegrini JE, Bak
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PROCESSMedical Aspects of Chemical
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesChapte
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesreceiv
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesentran
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiescatego
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesIn a f
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesnose)
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesWith n
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Triage of Chemical Casualties14. Sa
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Decontamination of Chemical Casualt
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