Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare (2008) - The Black Vault

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Medical Diagnostics25. Noort D, Hulst AG, Platenburg DH, Polhuijs M, Benschop H. Quantitative analysis of O-isopropyl methylphosphonicacid in serum samples of Japanese citizens allegedly exposed to sarin: estimation of internal dosage. Arch Toxicol.1998;72:671–675.26. Katagi M, Nishikawa M, Tatsuno M, Tsuchihashi H. Determination of the main hydrolysis products of organophosphorusnerve agents, methylphosphonic acids, in human serum by indirect photometric detection ion chromatography.J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997;698:81–88.27. Suzuki T, Morita H, Ono K, Maekawa K, Nagai R, Yazaki Y. Sarin poisoning in Tokyo subway. Lancet. 1995;345:980.28. Polhuijs M, Langenberg JP, Noort D, Hulst AG, Benschop HP. Retrospective detection of exposure to organophosphates:analyses in blood of human beings and rhesus monkeys. In: Sohns T, Voicu VA, eds. NBC risks: Current Capabilities andFuture Perspectives for Protection. Dordrecht, Holland, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1999:513–521.29. Polhuijs M, Langenberg JP, Benschop HP. New method for retrospective detection of exposure to organophosphorusanticholinesterases: application to alleged sarin victims of Japanese terrorists. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997;146:156–161.30. Heilbronn E. The effect of sodium fluoride on sarin inhibited blood cholinesterase. Acta Chem Scand. 1964;18:2410.31. Heilbronn E. Action of fluoride on cholinesterase. II. In vitro reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by organophosphoruscompounds. Biochem Pharmacol. 1965;14:1363–1373.32. Albanus L, Heilbeonn E, Sundwall A. Antidote effect of sodium fluoride in organophosphorus anticholinesterasepoisoning. Biochem Pharmacol. 1965;14:1375–1381.33. Jakubowski EM, Heykamp LS, Durst HD, Thompson SA. Preliminary studies in the formation of ethyl methylphosphonofluoridatefrom rat and human serum exposed to VX and treated with fluoride ion. Anal Lett. 2001;34:727–737.34. Jakubowski EM, McGuire JM, Evans RA, et al. Quantitation of fluoride ion released sarin in red blood cell samplesby gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry using isoptope dilution and large-volume injection.J Anal Toxicol. 2004;28:357–363.35. Adams TK, Capacio BR, Smith JR, Whalley CE, Korte WD. The application of the fluoride reactivation process to thedetection of sarin and soman nerve agent exposures in biological samples. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2004;27:77–91.36. Black RM, Harrison JM, Read RW. The interaction of sarin and soman with plasma proteins: the identification of anovel phosphonylation site. Arch Toxicol. 1999;73:123–126.37. DeJong LP, van Dijk C. Formation of soman (1,2,2-trimethylpropyl-methylphosphonofluoridate) via fluoride-inducedreactivation of soman-inhibited aliesterase in rat plasma. Biochem Pharmacol. 1984;33:663–669.38. Clement JG. Importance of aliesterase as a detoxification mechanism for soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate)in mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 1984;33:3807–3811.39. Clement JG, Benschop HP, DeJong LP, Wolthuis OL. Stereoisomers of soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate):inhibition of serum carboxylic ester hydrolase and potentiation of their toxicity by CBDP (2-2-methylphenoxy)-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide) in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987;89:141–143.40. Maxwell DM, Brecht KM, O’Neill BL. The effect of carboxylesterase inhibition on interspecies differences in somantoxicity. Toxicol Lett. 1987;39:35–42.41. Maxwell DM, Brecht KM. Carboxylesterase: specificity and spontaneous reactivation of an endogenous scavenger fororganophosphorus compounds. J Appl Toxicol. 2001;21(suppl 1):S103–S107.42. Nagao M, Takatori T, Matsuda Y, et al. Detection of sarin hydrolysis products from sarin-like organophosphorusagent-exposed human erythrocytes. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997;701:9–17.743
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The Coat of Arms1818Medical Departm
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Textbooks of Military MedicinePubli
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MEDICAL ASPECTS o fCHEMICAL WARFARE
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ContentsContributorsForeword by The
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ContributorsMICHAEL ADLER, PhDResea
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DONALD M. MAXWELL, MSResearch Chemi
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ForewordThe US military has been co
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PrefaceA significant concern for th
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PrologueThe original edition of Med
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xxii
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Medical Aspects of Chemical Warfare
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Nerve AgentsChapter 5NERVE AGENTSFR
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Nerve AgentsAbout 10,000 to 30,000
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Nerve Agentsphorofluoridate (DFP) w
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Nerve AgentsFig. 5-2. This schemati
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Nerve AgentsExhibit 5-1 continuedis
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Nerve Agentsactivity but only 15% t
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-3CHEMICAL, PHYS
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-4EFFECTS OF EXP
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Nerve Agentsaffecting the other eye
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Nerve Agentsmay cause severe rhinor
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Nerve Agentsof jerks and tremor.Cen
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Nerve Agentsand they were decreased
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Nerve Agentsnerve agent toxicity on
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Nerve Agentspatient. Decontaminatio
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Nerve AgentsFig. 5-5. The Mark I ki
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Nerve Agentsadministered intramuscu
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Nerve Agentsthat hydroxamine reacti
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Nerve AgentsOral administration may
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-7RECOMMENDED TH
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Nerve Agentsimpairment such as whee
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Nerve Agentssuboptimal, manner. The
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Nerve Agentsthan those who did not.
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Nerve Agentssible for binding nerve
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Nerve Agentsfor comparison was not
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Nerve AgentsTABLE 5-11EFFECTS OF PY
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Nerve Agentstivity of smooth muscle
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Nerve Agents38. Grob D, Lilienthal
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Nerve Agents77. McDonough JH, Shih
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Nerve Agents117. McLeod CG Jr, Sing
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Nerve Agents154. Tryphonas l, Veino
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Nerve Agents193. Funckes AJ. Treatm
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Nerve Agents235. Suzuki T, Morita H
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Nerve Agents274. Pellegrini JE, Bak
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PROCESSMedical Aspects of Chemical
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesChapte
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesreceiv
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesentran
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiescatego
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesIn a f
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Triage of Chemical Casualtiesnose)
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Triage of Chemical CasualtiesWith n
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Triage of Chemical Casualties14. Sa
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Decontamination of Chemical Casualt
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