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A - General rules of electrical installation design4 Power loading of an installationA18Factor of simultaneity for distribution boardsFigure A12 shows hypothetical values of ks for a distribution board supplying anumber of circuits for which there is no indication of the manner in which the totalload divides between them.If the circuits are mainly for lighting loads, it is prudent to adopt ks values close tounity.Number ofFactor ofcircuitssimultaneity (ks)Assemblies entirely tested 0.92 and 34 and 5 0.86 to 9 0.710 and more 0.6Assemblies partially tested 1.0in every case chooseFig. A12 : Factor of simultaneity for distribution boards (IEC 60439)Factor of simultaneity according to circuit functionks factors which may be used for circuits supplying commonly-occurring loads, areshown in Figure A13.Circuit functionFactor of simultaneity (ks)Lighting 1Heating and air conditioning 1Socket-outlets 0.1 to 0.2 (1)Lifts and catering hoist (2) b For the most powerfulmotor 1b For the second mostpowerful motor 0.75b For all motors 0.60(1) In certain cases, notably in industrial installations, this factor can be higher.(2) The current to take into consideration is equal to the nominal current of the motor,increased by a third of its starting current.Fig. A13 : Factor of simultaneity according to circuit function4.4 Example of application of factors ku and ks© Schneider Electric - all rights reservedAn example in the estimation of actual maximum kVA demands at all levels of aninstallation, from each load position to the point of supply is given Fig. A14 (oppositepage).In this example, the total installed apparent power is 126.6 kVA, which correspondsto an actual (estimated) maximum value at the LV terminals of the MV/LV transformerof 65 kVA only.Note: in order to select cable sizes for the distribution circuits of an installation, thecurrent I (in amps) through a circuit is determined from the equation:I = kVA x 10 3U 3where kVA is the actual maximum 3-phase apparent-power value shown on thediagram for the circuit concerned, and U is the phase to- phase voltage (in volts).4.5 Diversity factorThe term diversity factor, as defined in IEC standards, is identical to the factor ofsimultaneity (ks) used in this guide, as described in 4.3. In some English-speakingcountries however (at the time of writing) diversity factor is the inverse of ks i.e. it isalways u 1.Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009
A - General rules of electrical installation design4 Power loading of an installationA19Level 1 Level 2 Level 3UtilizationApparent Utilization Apparent Simultaneity Apparent Simultaneity Apparent Simultaneity Apparentpower factor power factor power factor power factor power(Pa) max. demand demand demand demandkVA max. kVA kVA kVA kVAWorkshop A Lathe no. 1 5 0.8no. 2no. 3no. 4no. 1no. 25 socketoutlets10/16 A30 fluorescentlamps55522180.80.80.80.80.81Distributionbox3 1 3144441.61.6180.750.214.43.63PowercircuitPedestaldrillSocketouletsLightingcircuitWorkshop Adistributionbox0.918.9MaingeneraldistributionboardMGDBWorkshop B Compressor3 socketoutlets10/16 A10 fluorescentlampsWorkshop C Ventilation no. 1Ovenno. 2no. 1no. 25 socketoutlets10/16 A20 fluorescentlamps1510.612.52.515151820.8111111111210.612.52.5151518210.41Distributionbox10.28113552LightingcircuitPowvercircuitPowercircuit12 Workshop BSocketouletsdistribution4.3 boxSocketouletsLightingcircuit0.9Workshop Cdistributionbox0.915.637.80.965LV / MVFig A14 : An example in estimating the maximum predicted loading of an installation (the factor values used are for demonstration purposes only)4.6 Choice of transformer ratingWhen an installation is to be supplied directly from a MV/LV transformer andthe maximum apparent-power loading of the installation has been determined, asuitable rating for the transformer can be decided, taking into account the followingconsiderations (see Fig. A15):b The possibility of improving the power factor of the installation (see chapter L)b Anticipated extensions to the installationb Installation constraints (e.g. temperature)b Standard transformer ratingsApparent power In (A)kVA 237 V 410 V100 244 141160 390 225250 609 352315 767 444400 974 563500 1218 704630 1535 887800 1949 11271000 2436 14081250 3045 17601600 3898 22532000 4872 28162500 6090 35203150 7673 4436Fig. A15 : Standard apparent powers for MV/LV transformers and related nominal output currents© Schneider Electric - all rights reservedSchneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009
Page 1 and 2: Technical collectionElectricalinsta
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Chapter JProtection against voltage
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Chapter MHarmonic management1234567
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Make the most of your energyISBN 97
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