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A - General rules of electrical installation design4 Power loading of an installationA16Fluorescent lighting (corrected to cos ϕ = 0.86)Type of application Estimated (VA/m 2 ) Average lightingfluorescent tube level (lux = lm/m 2 )with industrial reflector (1)Roads and highways 7 150storage areas, intermittent workHeavy-duty works: fabrication and 14 300assembly of very large work piecesDay-to-day work: office work 24 500Fine work: drawing offices 41 800high-precision assembly workshopsPower circuitsType of application Estimated (VA/m 2 )Pumping station compressed air 3 to 6Ventilation of premises 23Electrical convection heaters:private houses 115 to 146flats and apartments 90Offices 25Dispatching workshop 50Assembly workshop 70Machine shop 300Painting workshop 350Heat-treatment plant 700(1) example: 65 W tube (ballast not included), flux 5,100 lumens (Im),luminous efficiency of the tube = 78.5 Im / W.Fig. A9 : Estimation of installed apparent power4.3 Estimation of actual maximum kVA demandAll individual loads are not necessarily operating at full rated nominal power nornecessarily at the same time. Factors ku and ks allow the determination of themaximum power and apparent-power demands actually required to dimension theinstallation.Factor of maximum utilization (ku)In normal operating conditions the power consumption of a load is sometimes lessthan that indicated as its nominal power rating, a fairly common occurrence thatjustifies the application of an utilization factor (ku) in the estimation of realistic values.This factor must be applied to each individual load, with particular attention toelectric motors, which are very rarely operated at full load.In an industrial installation this factor may be estimated on an average at 0.75 formotors.For incandescent-lighting loads, the factor always equals 1.For socket-outlet circuits, the factors depend entirely on the type of appliances beingsupplied from the sockets concerned.© Schneider Electric - all rights reservedFactor of simultaneity (ks)It is a matter of common experience that the simultaneous operation of all installedloads of a given installation never occurs in practice, i.e. there is always some degreeof diversity and this fact is taken into account for estimating purposes by the use of asimultaneity factor (ks).The factor ks is applied to each group of loads (e.g. being supplied from a distributionor sub-distribution board). The determination of these factors is the responsibilityof the designer, since it requires a detailed knowledge of the installation and theconditions in which the individual circuits are to be exploited. For this reason, it is notpossible to give precise values for general application.Factor of simultaneity for an apartment blockSome typical values for this case are given in Figure A10 opposite page, and areapplicable to domestic consumers supplied at 230/400 V (3-phase 4-wires). In thecase of consumers using electrical heat-storage units for space heating, a factor of0.8 is recommended, regardless of the number of consumers.Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009
A - General rules of electrical installation design4 Power loading of an installationA17Number of downstream Factor ofconsumerssimultaneity (ks)2 to 4 15 to 9 0.7810 to 14 0.6315 to 19 0.5320 to 24 0.4925 to 29 0.4630 to 34 0.4435 to 39 0.4240 to 49 0.4150 and more 0.40Fig. A10 : Simultaneity factors in an apartment blockExample (see Fig. A11):5 storeys apartment building with 25 consumers, each having 6 kVA of installed load.The total installed load for the building is: 36 + 24 + 30 + 36 + 24 = 150 kVAThe apparent-power supply required for the building is: 150 x 0.46 = 69 kVAFrom Figure A10, it is possible to determine the magnitude of currents in differentsections of the common main feeder supplying all floors. For vertical rising mainsfed at ground level, the cross-sectional area of the conductors can evidently beprogressively reduced from the lower floors towards the upper floors.These changes of conductor size are conventionally spaced by at least 3-floorintervals.In the example, the current entering the rising main at ground level is:3150 x 0.46 x 10= 100 A400 3the current entering the third floor is:3(36 + 24) x 0.63 x 10= 55 A400 34thfloor6 consumers36 kVA0.783 rdfloor4 consumers24 kVA0.632ndfloor5 consumers30 kVA0.531 stfloor6 consumers36 kVA0.49groundfloor4 consumers24 kVA0.46Fig. A11 : Application of the factor of simultaneity (ks) to an apartment block of 5 storeys© Schneider Electric - all rights reservedSchneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009
Page 1 and 2: Technical collectionElectricalinsta
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Chapter JProtection against voltage
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Chapter MHarmonic management1234567
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Make the most of your energyISBN 97
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