Materials Measurement Phil Bartley Shelley Begley

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MUT and GRL Error AdaptersAfter 2-Port CalibrationO21MUTS21T12O11O22S11S22T22T11O12S12T21Six Unknowns021 = O12O11O22T21 = T12T11T22Here is a signal flow graph showing just the GRL adapters and a MUT. TheOxx parameters refer to port 1 and the Txx refers to port 2. The goal is todetermine all the Oxxs and Txxs and embeding them into the orginalcalibration. Each of the error adapters can be modeled by their four s-parameters. Because of the passive nature of these error adaptersO21=O12 and T21 = T12. This leaves six unknowns.66
GRL Cal – How it worksTime Domain of Empty Free Space FixturegateTransmittingAntennaReceivingAntennaAirAbove is a time domain S11 graph of the measured fixture when the fixtureis emptyNote that you can identify the various responses as the reflection associatedto the transmitting antenna, followed by the low reflection of air and thenthe reflection associated with the receiving antenna and its associatedsupporting structure. The GRL places time domain gates around theresponses associated with the transmitting antenna. The frequencydomain of this gated measurement is O11 of the port one error adapter.The same approach can be used to determine T11 of the port 2 erroradapter.. These terms can be then embedded into the original 2-portcalibration.Using this new calibration set the other terms of the error adapters can becalculated from the s-parameter measurements of the Thru (emptyfixture or air) and the Reflect (metal plate) standards.67
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Extremely Diverse Applications“Ma
Page 6 and 7:
Maxwell’s Equations∇× E=−∂
Page 8 and 9:
Permittivity and Permeability Defin
Page 10 and 11:
Definition of Dielectric Constant o
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Dielectric MechanismsIonic Polariza
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Consider Dipole RotationRandom Orie
Page 16 and 17: Electric Field Changed DirectionEDi
Page 18 and 19: Small and Large MoleculesMany mater
Page 20 and 21: ε rε' '',r6040Debye Relaxation fo
Page 22 and 23: Cole-Cole Plot Explanation"ε r3020
Page 24 and 25: Other Empirical ModelsταβOnly fe
Page 26 and 27: Dielectric Properties (at 3 GHz)100
Page 28 and 29: Which Technique is Best? Frequency
Page 30 and 31: Impedance Analyzers and FixturesHer
Page 32 and 33: Measurement Techniques that use a V
Page 34 and 35: Transmission LineMaterial assumptio
Page 36 and 37: Transmission Algorithms in 85071EOp
Page 38 and 39: Problems with N-R Model• This set
Page 40 and 41: NIST Model• Technique uses all fo
Page 42 and 43: Transmission (Fast) Model• This t
Page 44 and 45: Weakness of both the NIST and Trans
Page 46 and 47: Transmission Line Measurement Error
Page 48 and 49: Typical Errors Caused By Air GapsPe
Page 50 and 51: Transmission Line Technique Summary
Page 52 and 53: Non-Contacting method for High or L
Page 54 and 55: 40 - 60GHz Free Space System54
Page 56 and 57: Free Space W-band SystemHere is a p
Page 58 and 59: Free Space Quasi-Optical SystemHere
Page 60 and 61: Before a Measurement Can be Made…
Page 62 and 63: TRL CalibrationThruReflectMove the
Page 64 and 65: Gated Reflect Line (GRL) Calibratio
Page 68 and 69: MUT and GRL Error AdaptersAfter O11
Page 70 and 71: GRL Thru Standard (Air)A 11 =A 22 =
Page 72 and 73: QO System SchematicAdditional infor
Page 74 and 75: Measurement Results0.03Imaginary pa
Page 76 and 77: Measurement with NRL Arch andoption
Page 78: Free Space LabWith u-band calibrati
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Materials Measurement Phil Bartley Shelley Begley

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