Materials Measurement Phil Bartley Shelley Begley

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Transmission Line Technique SummaryFrequency Range: Broadband or Banded 1 to 75GHzInstrument: Network AnalyzerAccuracy: typically ±2-5% for ε r’ and ± 10 -2 for tanδBest for hard machineablesolidsPrecise sample shape required(usually destructive)Widely available coax orwaveguide fixtures.Needs large samples for lowfrequencies; small samples forhigh frequencies.Works for magnetic materialsLiquids, powders and gasesmust be containedThe transmission line technique offers good broadband or banded frequencycoverage. Accuracy and loss tangent performance are good. It is best forhard solids that can be machined precisely to fit inside sample holders.Sample sizes scale with frequency and be difficult to handle at the extremelow and high frequencies.50
Transmission Free-Space SystemComputer(not required for PNA)Network AnalyzerGP-IB or LAN8507IE Software runson PC or PNASample holderfixtured between two antennaeThe free-space technique is just a variation of the transmission linetechnique. A typical free-space system consists of a vector networkanalyzer, two antennae facing each other with a sample holder betweenthem. Again, Agilent provides software that converts the S-parameter outputof the network analyzer to dielectric properties.The free-space configuration overcomes some of the difficulties of the tryingto fit samples into transmission line sample holders. And, because thesample is fixtured in space, it is isolated from the other hardware in thesystem. This can be very useful in a variety of situations.51
Page 3: Extremely Diverse Applications“Ma
Page 6 and 7: Maxwell’s Equations∇× E=−∂
Page 8 and 9: Permittivity and Permeability Defin
Page 10 and 11: Definition of Dielectric Constant o
Page 12 and 13: Dielectric MechanismsIonic Polariza
Page 14 and 15: Consider Dipole RotationRandom Orie
Page 16 and 17: Electric Field Changed DirectionEDi
Page 18 and 19: Small and Large MoleculesMany mater
Page 20 and 21: ε rε' '',r6040Debye Relaxation fo
Page 22 and 23: Cole-Cole Plot Explanation"ε r3020
Page 24 and 25: Other Empirical ModelsταβOnly fe
Page 26 and 27: Dielectric Properties (at 3 GHz)100
Page 28 and 29: Which Technique is Best? Frequency
Page 30 and 31: Impedance Analyzers and FixturesHer
Page 32 and 33: Measurement Techniques that use a V
Page 34 and 35: Transmission LineMaterial assumptio
Page 36 and 37: Transmission Algorithms in 85071EOp
Page 38 and 39: Problems with N-R Model• This set
Page 40 and 41: NIST Model• Technique uses all fo
Page 42 and 43: Transmission (Fast) Model• This t
Page 44 and 45: Weakness of both the NIST and Trans
Page 46 and 47: Transmission Line Measurement Error
Page 48 and 49: Typical Errors Caused By Air GapsPe
Page 52 and 53: Non-Contacting method for High or L
Page 54 and 55: 40 - 60GHz Free Space System54
Page 56 and 57: Free Space W-band SystemHere is a p
Page 58 and 59: Free Space Quasi-Optical SystemHere
Page 60 and 61: Before a Measurement Can be Made…
Page 62 and 63: TRL CalibrationThruReflectMove the
Page 64 and 65: Gated Reflect Line (GRL) Calibratio
Page 66 and 67: MUT and GRL Error AdaptersAfter 2-P
Page 68 and 69: MUT and GRL Error AdaptersAfter O11
Page 70 and 71: GRL Thru Standard (Air)A 11 =A 22 =
Page 72 and 73: QO System SchematicAdditional infor
Page 74 and 75: Measurement Results0.03Imaginary pa
Page 76 and 77: Measurement with NRL Arch andoption
Page 78: Free Space LabWith u-band calibrati

Materials Measurement Phil Bartley Shelley Begley

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