Materials Measurement Phil Bartley Shelley Begley

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Typical Errors Caused By Air GapsPermittivity of materialHigh ε r materials in coaxial lines = 20% to 50%Size of transmission lineFor ε r = 10 and air gap = 0.25 mm (coaxial line)Coaxial line dimensions3.0 mm7.0 mm14.0 mm25.0 mm1.625 in3.125 inError35%14%8%4%3.2%1.7%Materials with higher permittivities and smaller diameter transmission lineswill be more susceptible to error from air gap.48
Transmission Line Typical Accuracy'r'r'ε rε = 1−3 ε = 3−10= 10−30Coaxial line 2% 5% 10%Waveguide 1% 3% 5%For low loss, nonmagnetic, isotropic, rigid materialRequires precise sample machining (e.g. 0.03 mm). It willdepend on the frequency.Reported 2-4 times better accuracy with no air gapsThe typical accuracy of a transmission line measurement ranges from 1% to10% or higher depending on the MUT and how well it is machined. Thenumbers shown above are typical, for comparison purpose.The uncertainty analysis should be performed for particular sample,measurement set up, frequency range etc. Full error analysis will beinvolved and tedious and, again, it will be fully valid only for the particularmeasurement situation. Many authors treat the uncertainty of transmissiontype of measurements, but a good overview is:J. Baker-Jarvis, M.D. Janezic, R.F. Riddle, R.T. Johnk, P. Kabos, C.Holloway, R.G. Geyer, C.A. Grosvenor, “Measuring the Permittivity andPermeability of Lossy Materials: Solids, Liquids, Metals, Building Materials,and Negative-Index Materials,” NIST Technical Note 15362005http://www.boulder.nist.gov/div818/81801/properties/Pages/publications.html49
Page 3: Extremely Diverse Applications“Ma
Page 6 and 7: Maxwell’s Equations∇× E=−∂
Page 8 and 9: Permittivity and Permeability Defin
Page 10 and 11: Definition of Dielectric Constant o
Page 12 and 13: Dielectric MechanismsIonic Polariza
Page 14 and 15: Consider Dipole RotationRandom Orie
Page 16 and 17: Electric Field Changed DirectionEDi
Page 18 and 19: Small and Large MoleculesMany mater
Page 20 and 21: ε rε' '',r6040Debye Relaxation fo
Page 22 and 23: Cole-Cole Plot Explanation"ε r3020
Page 24 and 25: Other Empirical ModelsταβOnly fe
Page 26 and 27: Dielectric Properties (at 3 GHz)100
Page 28 and 29: Which Technique is Best? Frequency
Page 30 and 31: Impedance Analyzers and FixturesHer
Page 32 and 33: Measurement Techniques that use a V
Page 34 and 35: Transmission LineMaterial assumptio
Page 36 and 37: Transmission Algorithms in 85071EOp
Page 38 and 39: Problems with N-R Model• This set
Page 40 and 41: NIST Model• Technique uses all fo
Page 42 and 43: Transmission (Fast) Model• This t
Page 44 and 45: Weakness of both the NIST and Trans
Page 46 and 47: Transmission Line Measurement Error
Page 50 and 51: Transmission Line Technique Summary
Page 52 and 53: Non-Contacting method for High or L
Page 54 and 55: 40 - 60GHz Free Space System54
Page 56 and 57: Free Space W-band SystemHere is a p
Page 58 and 59: Free Space Quasi-Optical SystemHere
Page 60 and 61: Before a Measurement Can be Made…
Page 62 and 63: TRL CalibrationThruReflectMove the
Page 64 and 65: Gated Reflect Line (GRL) Calibratio
Page 66 and 67: MUT and GRL Error AdaptersAfter 2-P
Page 68 and 69: MUT and GRL Error AdaptersAfter O11
Page 70 and 71: GRL Thru Standard (Air)A 11 =A 22 =
Page 72 and 73: QO System SchematicAdditional infor
Page 74 and 75: Measurement Results0.03Imaginary pa
Page 76 and 77: Measurement with NRL Arch andoption
Page 78: Free Space LabWith u-band calibrati

Materials Measurement Phil Bartley Shelley Begley

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