Methodology for the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in ... - Cham

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6.3 Model Descriptions6.3.1 Physical ModelA scale model of the naturally ventilated prototype building was created at one-twelfth scale, andevaluated using air as the fluid. The central section of the building was modeled, encompassingtwo floors of open floor office plan and the central atrium. The model neglected the stairwells atthe east and west ends of the building and the service core. The building is three stories in heighton the north half of the building, and two on the south half of the building. The north half of theground level of the building was excluded because it consisted of meeting rooms that are closedoff from the rest of the building and can be mechanically ventilated when in use.Figure 27. Section of the Prototype Building with Outline of Area ModeledFigure 28. Reduced-Scale Model and Test Chamber Section View and DimensionsThe model is located in an insulated test chamber that is 5.16 meters in length, 3.65 meters inwidth, and 2.43 meters in height. The dimensions of the test chamber along with the overallmodel dimensions are presented in Figure 28 and Figure 29. All of the surrounding walls have94
an insulating value of R-30, or 5.3 Km 2 /W. The test chamber has its own heating, ventilating,and air-conditioning unit and controls. The control interface allows the operator to control setpoints of the system, including supply air temperature and airflow rate.Figure 29. Test Chamber Plan View with DimensionsThe dimensions of the scale model developed are 2.9 meters in overall length, 1.8 meters inwidth, and 1.2 meters in total height. The model has two 1.2 meter by 1.8 meter by 0.3 meteroccupied zones on each side of the atrium, which is 0.5 meters by 1.8 meters. The half floors arelocated on the ground and first floors on the south half of the model and the first and secondfloor on the north half of the model. All of the occupied zones are completely open to the centralatrium. The atrium extends above the roof of the second floor and includes openings thatrepresent the stack vents used to assist in ventilation of the building. The geometry of the atriumroof was simplified in the model construction, and does not include the slight slope of theprototype building. Instead, the atrium in the model is a rectangular shape. Railings were addedaround the perimeter of the atrium for the combined wind-buoyancy modeling.95
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Thesis Committee:Leon R. Glicksman,
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
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7.1.3 Full Model Case .............
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Figure 41. Wind Direction Data for
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List of TablesTable 1. Energy End U
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Table 64. Comparison of Dimensionle
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Chapter 1.0IntroductionEnergy consu
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insulated building envelopes with t
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energy usage and efficient design.
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Figure 3. European Patent Office Bu
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selecting boundary conditions) to e
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2.2.1 Buoyancy-Driven VentilationVe
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Figure 7. Neutral Pressure Level fo
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Combined wind-buoyancy flow is more
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design. The depth of natural ventil
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of cooling required by 30 percent o
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considered when determining how the
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environmental conditions are examin
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As natural ventilation is prevalent
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3.0Evaluation of Prototype
Page 45 and 46: Figure 12. Interior Atrium ViewFigu
Page 47 and 48: Table 8. Prototype Building Window
Page 49 and 50: Figure 15. HOBO® H8 Series Tempera
Page 51 and 52: Finally, airflow visualization was
Page 53 and 54: only is the airflow almost never at
Page 55 and 56: Table 10. Window Bag Device Measure
Page 57 and 58: Mon 7-21Tue 7-22Wed 7-23Thu 7-24Fri
Page 59 and 60: 12:00 AM1:00 AM2:00 AM3:00 AM4:00 A
Page 61 and 62: 27-Jul27-Jul28-Jul28-Jul29-Jul30-Ju
Page 63 and 64: A range of air exchange rates was f
Page 65 and 66: the windows on the second floor, or
Page 67 and 68: Total Electric (kWh/m2)Total Gas (k
Page 69 and 70: movement, Houghton Hall has much le
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 4.0Modeling and Visualizati
Page 73 and 74: for future design of similar type b
Page 75 and 76: lower and upper openings and natura
Page 77 and 78: the acceptable diffusion rate, or
Page 79 and 80: applications involving full-scale b
Page 81 and 82: digital camera with both manually o
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 5.0Dimensional Analysis and
Page 85 and 86: u oHgHT2uocu Hpo1Re Ar1Re Pr(5.7)(5
Page 87 and 88: X HM X HP(5.16)5.3.2 Kinematic Sim
Page 89 and 90: Radiation was found to have an impa
Page 91: height is used for the full-scale b
Page 96 and 97: Figure 30. Floor Plan of the Protot
Page 98 and 99: Figure 31. North Facade of Model wi
Page 100 and 101: Monitoring data collected from the
Page 102 and 103: By default, there was no accounting
Page 104 and 105: 40-location card inserted into the
Page 106 and 107: 6.5 ExperimentsTo evaluate the mode
Page 108 and 109: modified to determine the impact of
Page 110 and 111: Figure 39. Two Heated Zone ModelWit
Page 112 and 113: minute interval, the model was assu
Page 114 and 115: Figure 42. Cross-Section of Wind-Ge
Page 116 and 117: Table 25. Wind-Assisted Ventilation
Page 118 and 119: Figure 44. Heaters and Zones for a)
Page 120 and 121: Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
Page 122 and 123: Where V is the outlet velocity, A o
Page 124 and 125: Table 32. Conduction Heat Loss for
Page 126 and 127: a) Air Modelb) Water ModelFigure 50
Page 128 and 129: Height from Floor (m)The temperatur
Page 130 and 131: Height from Floor (m)In the atrium
Page 132 and 133: First NorthUpper Window 0.17 m/s -0
Page 134 and 135: Height from Floor (m)the column at
Page 136 and 137: Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
Page 138 and 139: Height from Floor (m)3.53.02.52.01.
Page 140 and 141: was less than 12 percent. These val
Page 142 and 143: Table 39. Variation of Outlet Wind
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temperature of the air was the same
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3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
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3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
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The average and exhaust internal bu
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Table 43. Calculated Wind and Buoya
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In the last two lines, for both the
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Figure 80. CFD Simulation of the Te
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uoyancy case the air from the groun
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160
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windows of naturally ventilated bui
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difficult to select the boundary co
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simulations are able to do would al
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Bordass, W.T., A.K.R. Bromley and A
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Linddament, M. 1996. Why CO2? Air I
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172
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MODEL: K20-8SERIAL: 10047RECORDER_I
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2 Boiler-3 50.00 C1 N1 1.0 ON ON OF
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|PW|DESCRIP |KW |KWH|KVA|KVH|------
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2:5 ;day_ofYr17:P30 ;EOT = 0.000075
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2:3136:P30 ;DUM2 = -0.040891:-4.089
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;7:21 ;input location;8:0 ;mulptipl
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;79:P22 ;EXC w/DELAY (only for dela
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1:45 ;port5 (homeSense)2:31 ;exit l
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13:P95 ;ENDIF14:P95 ;ENDIF15:P3 ;pu
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2:20 ;RH30:P70 ;sample1:12:20 ;RH31
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194
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Five Windows Open: Upper versus Low
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One Window Open: Upper versus Lower
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25 cm / 3 m 24.33 26.62 22.68 22.93
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25 cm / 3 m 24.07 25.26 22.65 22.78
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Two Stacks Open Temperature Stratif
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Stacks Closed Temperature Stratific
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2.3 24.31 24.65 24.781.4 23.35 23.6
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0.6 20.56 20.67 20.94 21.22 21.41 2
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Methodology for the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in ... - Cham

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