Methodology for the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in ... - Cham

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Linddament, M. 1996. Why CO2? Air Infiltration Review, v. 18. December 1996.Linden, P.F. 1999. The Fluid Mechanics of Natural Ventilation. Annual Review of FluidMechanics. Vol. 31: 201-238.Merzkirch, W. 1987. Flow visualization. Orlando : Academic Press, 1987.MacDonald, J.M., D.M. Wasserman. 1989. Investigation of Metered Data Analysis Methods forCommercial and Related Buildings. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy.ORNL/CON-279. May 1989.Martin, A. and J. Fitzsimmons. 2000. Making Natural Ventilation Work. Guidance Note GN7/2000. BSRIA.McQuiston, F.C., J.D. Parker, J.D. Spitler. 2000. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning:Analysis and Design. Chapter 4. Wiley & Sons, New York. 2000.Nielsen, P.V. 1995. Airfow in a World Exposition Pavilion Studied by Scale-Model Experimentsand Computational Fluid Dynamics. ASHRAE Transactions:100v2. p. 1118-1126.Orme, M. 1999. Applicable Models for Air Infiltration and Ventilation Calculations.International Energy Agency, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Center. AIC-TN-51-1999.Orme, M. and N. Leksmono. 2002. AIVC Guide 5: Ventilation Modeling Data Guide.International Energy Agency, Air Infiltration Ventilation Center. AIC-GUI 05.Peppes, A.A., M. Santamouris, and D.N. Asimakopoulos. Experimental and Numerical Study ofBuoyancy-Driven Stairwell Flow in a Three Story Building. Building and Environment, v. 37.2002.Popiolek, Z. et al. 1998. Airflow Characteristic in Scale Models of Room Ventilation. 6 thInternational Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, RoomVent 1998.Rolloos, M. 1977. Possibilities and Limitations for the Prediction of Air Flow Patterns,Temperatures, and Velocities in Large Halls Using Scale Models. Heat Exchangers, AirConditioning – Heat Pumps. Refrigeration Science and Technology. International Institute ofRefrigeration. Yugoslavia, 1977.Rybka. 2002. Aldwyck Housing Association: Building Operational Philosophy. October 2002.Sawachi, T. 2002. Detailed Observation of Cross Ventilation and Airflow through LargeOpenings by Full Scale Building Model in Wind Tunnel. 8 th International Conference on AirDistribution in Rooms, RoomVent 2002.Seppanen, O. and W.J. Fisk. 2002. Association of Ventilation System Type with SBS Symptomsin Office Workers. Indoor Air. v. 12. p.98-112.170
Smith, E.G. 1951. The Feasibility of Using Models for Predetermining Natural Ventilation.Research Report No. 26. Texas Engineering Experiment Station. College Station, TX, 1951.Spalding, D.B. 2002. PHOENICS User Manual. CHAM, London.Szucs, E. 1980. Similitude and Modeling. Fundamental Studies in Engineering 2. ElsevierScientific Publishing Co. New York, 1980.Szirtes, T. 1998. Applied Dimensional Analysis and Modeling. Chapter 17: DimensionalModeling. McGraw-Hill Co. New York, 1998.TelAire 7000 Series Operation Instructions. April, 2002.U.S. Department of Energy. 2004. Real-Time Weather Data. Energy Efficiency and RenewableEnergy Building Technologies Program. May-July 2004.Walker, C.E., S. Manchanda, H.C. Spindler, L.K. Norford. 2004. Building Performance:Analysis of Naturally Ventilated UK Office Building. International Conference on AirDistribution in Rooms: RoomVent 2004 Conference Proceedings. September 2004.William Bordass Associates. 1996. Mixed Mode Ventilation and Cooling Systems in Buildings.June 1996.Yu, H., C-H. Hou, and C-M Lao. 2002. Scale Model Analysis of Opening Effectiveness forWind-Induced Natural Ventilation Openings. Biosystems Engineering: 82(2). P. 199-207.171
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Thesis Committee:Leon R. Glicksman,
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
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7.1.3 Full Model Case .............
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Figure 41. Wind Direction Data for
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List of TablesTable 1. Energy End U
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Table 64. Comparison of Dimensionle
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Chapter 1.0IntroductionEnergy consu
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insulated building envelopes with t
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energy usage and efficient design.
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Figure 3. European Patent Office Bu
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selecting boundary conditions) to e
Page 26 and 27:
2.2.1 Buoyancy-Driven VentilationVe
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Figure 7. Neutral Pressure Level fo
Page 30 and 31:
Combined wind-buoyancy flow is more
Page 32 and 33:
design. The depth of natural ventil
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of cooling required by 30 percent o
Page 36 and 37:
considered when determining how the
Page 38 and 39:
environmental conditions are examin
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As natural ventilation is prevalent
Page 43 and 44:
Chapter 3.0Evaluation of Prototype
Page 45 and 46:
Figure 12. Interior Atrium ViewFigu
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Table 8. Prototype Building Window
Page 49 and 50:
Figure 15. HOBO® H8 Series Tempera
Page 51 and 52:
Finally, airflow visualization was
Page 53 and 54:
only is the airflow almost never at
Page 55 and 56:
Table 10. Window Bag Device Measure
Page 57 and 58:
Mon 7-21Tue 7-22Wed 7-23Thu 7-24Fri
Page 59 and 60:
12:00 AM1:00 AM2:00 AM3:00 AM4:00 A
Page 61 and 62:
27-Jul27-Jul28-Jul28-Jul29-Jul30-Ju
Page 63 and 64:
A range of air exchange rates was f
Page 65 and 66:
the windows on the second floor, or
Page 67 and 68:
Total Electric (kWh/m2)Total Gas (k
Page 69 and 70:
movement, Houghton Hall has much le
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 4.0Modeling and Visualizati
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for future design of similar type b
Page 75 and 76:
lower and upper openings and natura
Page 77 and 78:
the acceptable diffusion rate, or
Page 79 and 80:
applications involving full-scale b
Page 81 and 82:
digital camera with both manually o
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 5.0Dimensional Analysis and
Page 85 and 86:
u oHgHT2uocu Hpo1Re Ar1Re Pr(5.7)(5
Page 87 and 88:
X HM X HP(5.16)5.3.2 Kinematic Sim
Page 89 and 90:
Radiation was found to have an impa
Page 91:
height is used for the full-scale b
Page 94 and 95:
6.3 Model Descriptions6.3.1 Physica
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 30. Floor Plan of the Protot
Page 98 and 99:
Figure 31. North Facade of Model wi
Page 100 and 101:
Monitoring data collected from the
Page 102 and 103:
By default, there was no accounting
Page 104 and 105:
40-location card inserted into the
Page 106 and 107:
6.5 ExperimentsTo evaluate the mode
Page 108 and 109:
modified to determine the impact of
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 39. Two Heated Zone ModelWit
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minute interval, the model was assu
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 42. Cross-Section of Wind-Ge
Page 116 and 117:
Table 25. Wind-Assisted Ventilation
Page 118 and 119:
Figure 44. Heaters and Zones for a)
Page 120 and 121: Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
Page 122 and 123: Where V is the outlet velocity, A o
Page 124 and 125: Table 32. Conduction Heat Loss for
Page 126 and 127: a) Air Modelb) Water ModelFigure 50
Page 128 and 129: Height from Floor (m)The temperatur
Page 130 and 131: Height from Floor (m)In the atrium
Page 132 and 133: First NorthUpper Window 0.17 m/s -0
Page 134 and 135: Height from Floor (m)the column at
Page 136 and 137: Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
Page 138 and 139: Height from Floor (m)3.53.02.52.01.
Page 140 and 141: was less than 12 percent. These val
Page 142 and 143: Table 39. Variation of Outlet Wind
Page 144 and 145: temperature of the air was the same
Page 146 and 147: 3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
Page 148 and 149: 3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
Page 150 and 151: The average and exhaust internal bu
Page 152 and 153: Table 43. Calculated Wind and Buoya
Page 154 and 155: In the last two lines, for both the
Page 156 and 157: Figure 80. CFD Simulation of the Te
Page 158 and 159: uoyancy case the air from the groun
Page 160 and 161: 160
Page 162 and 163: windows of naturally ventilated bui
Page 164 and 165: difficult to select the boundary co
Page 166 and 167: simulations are able to do would al
Page 168 and 169: Bordass, W.T., A.K.R. Bromley and A
Page 172 and 173: 172
Page 174 and 175: MODEL: K20-8SERIAL: 10047RECORDER_I
Page 176 and 177: 2 Boiler-3 50.00 C1 N1 1.0 ON ON OF
Page 178 and 179: |PW|DESCRIP |KW |KWH|KVA|KVH|------
Page 180 and 181: 2:5 ;day_ofYr17:P30 ;EOT = 0.000075
Page 182 and 183: 2:3136:P30 ;DUM2 = -0.040891:-4.089
Page 184 and 185: ;7:21 ;input location;8:0 ;mulptipl
Page 186 and 187: ;79:P22 ;EXC w/DELAY (only for dela
Page 188 and 189: 1:45 ;port5 (homeSense)2:31 ;exit l
Page 190 and 191: 13:P95 ;ENDIF14:P95 ;ENDIF15:P3 ;pu
Page 192 and 193: 2:20 ;RH30:P70 ;sample1:12:20 ;RH31
Page 194 and 195: 194
Page 196 and 197: Five Windows Open: Upper versus Low
Page 198 and 199: One Window Open: Upper versus Lower
Page 200 and 201: 25 cm / 3 m 24.33 26.62 22.68 22.93
Page 202 and 203: 25 cm / 3 m 24.07 25.26 22.65 22.78
Page 204 and 205: Two Stacks Open Temperature Stratif
Page 206 and 207: Stacks Closed Temperature Stratific
Page 208 and 209: 2.3 24.31 24.65 24.781.4 23.35 23.6
Page 210 and 211: 0.6 20.56 20.67 20.94 21.22 21.41 2
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