Methodology for the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in ... - Cham

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simulations are able to do would allow further analysis of detailed flow patterns within the zone.Better controlling the media used to trace the fluid patterns would be of great help.There is much research yet to complete in the field of passive ventilation techniques, particularlyin the area of modeling airflow and temperature distribution in buildings. Through a combinedapproach, using field measurements, modeling efforts, and simulation techniques, tools can beenhanced in order to better predict the performance of buildings, while maintaining comfortconditions and reducing energy consumption and life cycle cost.166
ReferencesAction Energy. 2003. Energy Consumption Guide-ECG019: Energy Use in Offices. BestPractices Programme. Crown. March 2003.Allard, F. ed. 2002. Natural Ventilation in Buildings: A Design Handbook. James & James,London.Allocca, C. Q. Chen, and L. Glicksman. 2003. Design Analysis of Single-Sided NaturalVentilation. Energy and Buildings, v. 25, pp. 785-795. 2003.Andersen, K.T. 1995. Theoretical Considerations on Natural Ventilation by Thermal Buoyancy.ASHRAE Transactions, v.101, Pt.2. 1995.Andersen, K.T. 2003. Theory for Natural Ventilation by Thermal Buoyancy in One Zone withUniform Temperature. Building and Environment, v. 38. 2003.Andersen, K.T. 2002. Friction and Contraction by Ventilation Openings with Movable Flaps.Eighth International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, RoomVent2002. Copenhagen,Denmark. September 2002.Andersen, K.T. 1996. Design of Natural Ventilation by Thermal Buoyancy: Theory,Possibilities, and Limitations. 5 th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms,RoomVent ;96. July 1996.Andersen, K.T. 1996. Design of Natural Ventilation by Thermal Buoyancy. 5 th InternationalConference on Air Distribution in Rooms, RoomVent ‘96, v.3. 1996.Andersen, K.T. 1995. Natural Ventilation in Atria. ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia. V.101, Pt.2. 1995.ASHRAE. 2004. ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for HumanOccupancy. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers, Inc.ASHRAE. 2001. 2001 ASHRAE handbook—Fundamentals, Chapters 12, 9. Atlanta: AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ASHRAE. 1997. 1997 ASHRAE handbook—Fundamentals, Chapter 9. Atlanta: AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.Awbi, H. Ventilation of Buildings, Second Edition, Chapters 6, 7, 9. Spon Press. London. 2003.167
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Thesis Committee:Leon R. Glicksman,
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
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7.1.3 Full Model Case .............
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Figure 41. Wind Direction Data for
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List of TablesTable 1. Energy End U
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Table 64. Comparison of Dimensionle
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Chapter 1.0IntroductionEnergy consu
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insulated building envelopes with t
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energy usage and efficient design.
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Figure 3. European Patent Office Bu
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selecting boundary conditions) to e
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2.2.1 Buoyancy-Driven VentilationVe
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Figure 7. Neutral Pressure Level fo
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Combined wind-buoyancy flow is more
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design. The depth of natural ventil
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of cooling required by 30 percent o
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considered when determining how the
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environmental conditions are examin
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As natural ventilation is prevalent
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Chapter 3.0Evaluation of Prototype
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Figure 12. Interior Atrium ViewFigu
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Table 8. Prototype Building Window
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Figure 15. HOBO® H8 Series Tempera
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Finally, airflow visualization was
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only is the airflow almost never at
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Table 10. Window Bag Device Measure
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Mon 7-21Tue 7-22Wed 7-23Thu 7-24Fri
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12:00 AM1:00 AM2:00 AM3:00 AM4:00 A
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27-Jul27-Jul28-Jul28-Jul29-Jul30-Ju
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A range of air exchange rates was f
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the windows on the second floor, or
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Total Electric (kWh/m2)Total Gas (k
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movement, Houghton Hall has much le
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Chapter 4.0Modeling and Visualizati
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for future design of similar type b
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lower and upper openings and natura
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the acceptable diffusion rate, or
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applications involving full-scale b
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digital camera with both manually o
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Chapter 5.0Dimensional Analysis and
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u oHgHT2uocu Hpo1Re Ar1Re Pr(5.7)(5
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X HM X HP(5.16)5.3.2 Kinematic Sim
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Radiation was found to have an impa
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height is used for the full-scale b
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6.3 Model Descriptions6.3.1 Physica
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Figure 30. Floor Plan of the Protot
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Figure 31. North Facade of Model wi
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Monitoring data collected from the
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By default, there was no accounting
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40-location card inserted into the
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6.5 ExperimentsTo evaluate the mode
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modified to determine the impact of
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Figure 39. Two Heated Zone ModelWit
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minute interval, the model was assu
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Figure 42. Cross-Section of Wind-Ge
Page 116 and 117: Table 25. Wind-Assisted Ventilation
Page 118 and 119: Figure 44. Heaters and Zones for a)
Page 120 and 121: Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
Page 122 and 123: Where V is the outlet velocity, A o
Page 124 and 125: Table 32. Conduction Heat Loss for
Page 126 and 127: a) Air Modelb) Water ModelFigure 50
Page 128 and 129: Height from Floor (m)The temperatur
Page 130 and 131: Height from Floor (m)In the atrium
Page 132 and 133: First NorthUpper Window 0.17 m/s -0
Page 134 and 135: Height from Floor (m)the column at
Page 136 and 137: Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
Page 138 and 139: Height from Floor (m)3.53.02.52.01.
Page 140 and 141: was less than 12 percent. These val
Page 142 and 143: Table 39. Variation of Outlet Wind
Page 144 and 145: temperature of the air was the same
Page 146 and 147: 3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
Page 148 and 149: 3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
Page 150 and 151: The average and exhaust internal bu
Page 152 and 153: Table 43. Calculated Wind and Buoya
Page 154 and 155: In the last two lines, for both the
Page 156 and 157: Figure 80. CFD Simulation of the Te
Page 158 and 159: uoyancy case the air from the groun
Page 160 and 161: 160
Page 162 and 163: windows of naturally ventilated bui
Page 164 and 165: difficult to select the boundary co
Page 168 and 169: Bordass, W.T., A.K.R. Bromley and A
Page 170 and 171: Linddament, M. 1996. Why CO2? Air I
Page 172 and 173: 172
Page 174 and 175: MODEL: K20-8SERIAL: 10047RECORDER_I
Page 176 and 177: 2 Boiler-3 50.00 C1 N1 1.0 ON ON OF
Page 178 and 179: |PW|DESCRIP |KW |KWH|KVA|KVH|------
Page 180 and 181: 2:5 ;day_ofYr17:P30 ;EOT = 0.000075
Page 182 and 183: 2:3136:P30 ;DUM2 = -0.040891:-4.089
Page 184 and 185: ;7:21 ;input location;8:0 ;mulptipl
Page 186 and 187: ;79:P22 ;EXC w/DELAY (only for dela
Page 188 and 189: 1:45 ;port5 (homeSense)2:31 ;exit l
Page 190 and 191: 13:P95 ;ENDIF14:P95 ;ENDIF15:P3 ;pu
Page 192 and 193: 2:20 ;RH30:P70 ;sample1:12:20 ;RH31
Page 194 and 195: 194
Page 196 and 197: Five Windows Open: Upper versus Low
Page 198 and 199: One Window Open: Upper versus Lower
Page 200 and 201: 25 cm / 3 m 24.33 26.62 22.68 22.93
Page 202 and 203: 25 cm / 3 m 24.07 25.26 22.65 22.78
Page 204 and 205: Two Stacks Open Temperature Stratif
Page 206 and 207: Stacks Closed Temperature Stratific
Page 208 and 209: 2.3 24.31 24.65 24.781.4 23.35 23.6
Page 210 and 211: 0.6 20.56 20.67 20.94 21.22 21.41 2
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