Methodology for the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in ... - Cham

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Height from Floor (m)Height from Floor (m)3.53.02.52.01.51.03 Stacks Open1 Stack OpenStacks Closed0.50.020.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0Temperature ( C)Figure 62. Full Model Scaled Temperature Stratification for Full-Scale Building: First FloorNorth at Column3.53.02.52.01.51.03 Stacks Open1 Stack OpenStacks Closed0.50.020.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0Temperature ( C)Figure 63. Full Model Scaled Temperature Stratification for Full-Scale Building: First FloorNorth Heated ZoneThough attempts were made to locate the thermocouples in the same location relative towindows, the longer windows in the north façade made it difficult to locate the verticaltemperature measurements between two windows. On the south half, the thermocouplesmeasuring the vertical temperature stratification were located at the edge of the incoming jetflows from the windows, whereas on the north half the thermocouples were located moretowards the center of the window jet. This affected the temperature measurements for the northhalf of the model, but was unavoidable due to the size and location of the windows.136
Height from Floor (m)The second floor was always the warmest location during the experiments, as air exited throughboth sets of windows at the second floor level in the three cases presented. The measurementsrecorded at the second floor also had the largest variation between the stacks open and stacksclosed cases, of 0.4°C. Overall, the temperature varied 1.5°C from floor to ceiling in the secondfloor-heated zone. At the second floor column, the highest temperatures occurred at the ceiling,due to air exiting through the stacks in the stacks open case and due to the warmer air in the topsection of the atrium entering the heated zone at the second floor and influencing the topthermocouple in the stacks closed case (Figure 64). In the heated zone (Figure 65), warm airfrom lower floors spilled into the second floor level at the floor. Additionally, even with thestacks open case, some warm air from the atrium entered into the second floor-heated zone,causing more warm air to enter just below the ceiling level. The complex airflow patterns andinteractions of the second floor-heated zone with the atrium affected the temperature distributionin that space (Figure 66 and Figure 67).3.53.02.52.01.51.03 Stacks Open1 Stack OpenStacks Closed0.50.020.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0Temperature ( C)Figure 64. Full Model Scaled Temperature Stratification for Full-Scale Building: Second Floorat Column137
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Thesis Committee:Leon R. Glicksman,
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
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7.1.3 Full Model Case .............
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Figure 41. Wind Direction Data for
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List of TablesTable 1. Energy End U
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Table 64. Comparison of Dimensionle
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Chapter 1.0IntroductionEnergy consu
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insulated building envelopes with t
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energy usage and efficient design.
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Figure 3. European Patent Office Bu
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selecting boundary conditions) to e
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2.2.1 Buoyancy-Driven VentilationVe
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Figure 7. Neutral Pressure Level fo
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Combined wind-buoyancy flow is more
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design. The depth of natural ventil
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of cooling required by 30 percent o
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considered when determining how the
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environmental conditions are examin
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As natural ventilation is prevalent
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Chapter 3.0Evaluation of Prototype
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Figure 12. Interior Atrium ViewFigu
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Table 8. Prototype Building Window
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Figure 15. HOBO® H8 Series Tempera
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Finally, airflow visualization was
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only is the airflow almost never at
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Table 10. Window Bag Device Measure
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Mon 7-21Tue 7-22Wed 7-23Thu 7-24Fri
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12:00 AM1:00 AM2:00 AM3:00 AM4:00 A
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27-Jul27-Jul28-Jul28-Jul29-Jul30-Ju
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A range of air exchange rates was f
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the windows on the second floor, or
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Total Electric (kWh/m2)Total Gas (k
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movement, Houghton Hall has much le
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Chapter 4.0Modeling and Visualizati
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for future design of similar type b
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lower and upper openings and natura
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the acceptable diffusion rate, or
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applications involving full-scale b
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digital camera with both manually o
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Chapter 5.0Dimensional Analysis and
Page 85 and 86: u oHgHT2uocu Hpo1Re Ar1Re Pr(5.7)(5
Page 87 and 88: X HM X HP(5.16)5.3.2 Kinematic Sim
Page 89 and 90: Radiation was found to have an impa
Page 91: height is used for the full-scale b
Page 94 and 95: 6.3 Model Descriptions6.3.1 Physica
Page 96 and 97: Figure 30. Floor Plan of the Protot
Page 98 and 99: Figure 31. North Facade of Model wi
Page 100 and 101: Monitoring data collected from the
Page 102 and 103: By default, there was no accounting
Page 104 and 105: 40-location card inserted into the
Page 106 and 107: 6.5 ExperimentsTo evaluate the mode
Page 108 and 109: modified to determine the impact of
Page 110 and 111: Figure 39. Two Heated Zone ModelWit
Page 112 and 113: minute interval, the model was assu
Page 114 and 115: Figure 42. Cross-Section of Wind-Ge
Page 116 and 117: Table 25. Wind-Assisted Ventilation
Page 118 and 119: Figure 44. Heaters and Zones for a)
Page 120 and 121: Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
Page 122 and 123: Where V is the outlet velocity, A o
Page 124 and 125: Table 32. Conduction Heat Loss for
Page 126 and 127: a) Air Modelb) Water ModelFigure 50
Page 128 and 129: Height from Floor (m)The temperatur
Page 130 and 131: Height from Floor (m)In the atrium
Page 132 and 133: First NorthUpper Window 0.17 m/s -0
Page 134 and 135: Height from Floor (m)the column at
Page 138 and 139: Height from Floor (m)3.53.02.52.01.
Page 140 and 141: was less than 12 percent. These val
Page 142 and 143: Table 39. Variation of Outlet Wind
Page 144 and 145: temperature of the air was the same
Page 146 and 147: 3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
Page 148 and 149: 3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
Page 150 and 151: The average and exhaust internal bu
Page 152 and 153: Table 43. Calculated Wind and Buoya
Page 154 and 155: In the last two lines, for both the
Page 156 and 157: Figure 80. CFD Simulation of the Te
Page 158 and 159: uoyancy case the air from the groun
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Page 162 and 163: windows of naturally ventilated bui
Page 164 and 165: difficult to select the boundary co
Page 166 and 167: simulations are able to do would al
Page 168 and 169: Bordass, W.T., A.K.R. Bromley and A
Page 170 and 171: Linddament, M. 1996. Why CO2? Air I
Page 172 and 173: 172
Page 174 and 175: MODEL: K20-8SERIAL: 10047RECORDER_I
Page 176 and 177: 2 Boiler-3 50.00 C1 N1 1.0 ON ON OF
Page 178 and 179: |PW|DESCRIP |KW |KWH|KVA|KVH|------
Page 180 and 181: 2:5 ;day_ofYr17:P30 ;EOT = 0.000075
Page 182 and 183: 2:3136:P30 ;DUM2 = -0.040891:-4.089
Page 184 and 185: ;7:21 ;input location;8:0 ;mulptipl
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;79:P22 ;EXC w/DELAY (only for dela
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1:45 ;port5 (homeSense)2:31 ;exit l
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13:P95 ;ENDIF14:P95 ;ENDIF15:P3 ;pu
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2:20 ;RH30:P70 ;sample1:12:20 ;RH31
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194
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Five Windows Open: Upper versus Low
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One Window Open: Upper versus Lower
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25 cm / 3 m 24.33 26.62 22.68 22.93
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25 cm / 3 m 24.07 25.26 22.65 22.78
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Two Stacks Open Temperature Stratif
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Stacks Closed Temperature Stratific
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2.3 24.31 24.65 24.781.4 23.35 23.6
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0.6 20.56 20.67 20.94 21.22 21.41 2
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