Methodology for the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in ... - Cham

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Height from Floor (m)Height from Floor (m)3.53.02.52.01.51.00.5Lower WindowsUpper Windows0.020.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00Temperature ( C)Figure 45. Single Zone Scaled Temperature Distribution Scaled for Full Building, SevenWindow, Three Stack Open Case: At Column3.53.0Lower WindowsUpper Windows2.52.01.51.00.50.020.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00Temperature ( C)Figure 46. Single Zone Scaled Temperature Stratification Scaled for Full Building, SevenWindow, Three Stack Open Case: In the Middle of the Heated Zone120
Height from Floor (m)14.012.010.08.06.04.02.0Lower WindowsUpper Windows0.020.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00Temperature ( C)Figure 47. Single Zone Scaled Temperature Stratification Scaled for Full Building, SevenWindow, Three Stack Open Case: In AtriumAdditional data for the single zone temperature measurements are provided in Appendix B.Experiments were carried out for a variety of cases where the number of windows and stacksopen was changed. In general, as the number of windows and stacks decreased, the internaltemperatures increased, but the temperature distribution remained similar at the column andwithin the atrium. However, in the heated zone the temperature stratification changed, in part dueto the reduced airflow through the heated zone and in part due to the location of the verticaltemperature measurements. The thermocouples were located in between two windows, and midway between the window façade and the atrium, not fully within a jet from the window inlet.With decreased window openings, if the thermocouple location was not near the incoming air jet,then the temperatures were higher and not influenced by the incoming air stream.Inlet and outlet velocity measurements were recorded for the single heated zone case. Themeasured velocity did not vary significantly between the experiments with the upper windows orlower windows. The velocity measured was due to buoyancy-driven flow, and as there was littleheight difference between the two windows, little variation in velocity measurements wasexpected. The variation between the two measurements is less than 15 percent, and may beassociated with error due to the sensitivity of the hot-wire anemometer used.With the inlet and outlet velocity measurements along with the inlet and outlet temperaturemeasurements, the heat loss due to advection, or airflow through the model, was calculated. Anenergy balance around the model is written as:Qinput VA TUAT(7.4)OS121
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Thesis Committee:Leon R. Glicksman,
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
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7.1.3 Full Model Case .............
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Figure 41. Wind Direction Data for
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List of TablesTable 1. Energy End U
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Table 64. Comparison of Dimensionle
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Chapter 1.0IntroductionEnergy consu
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insulated building envelopes with t
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energy usage and efficient design.
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Figure 3. European Patent Office Bu
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selecting boundary conditions) to e
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2.2.1 Buoyancy-Driven VentilationVe
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Figure 7. Neutral Pressure Level fo
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Combined wind-buoyancy flow is more
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design. The depth of natural ventil
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of cooling required by 30 percent o
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considered when determining how the
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environmental conditions are examin
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As natural ventilation is prevalent
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Chapter 3.0Evaluation of Prototype
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Figure 12. Interior Atrium ViewFigu
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Table 8. Prototype Building Window
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Figure 15. HOBO® H8 Series Tempera
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Finally, airflow visualization was
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only is the airflow almost never at
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Table 10. Window Bag Device Measure
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Mon 7-21Tue 7-22Wed 7-23Thu 7-24Fri
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12:00 AM1:00 AM2:00 AM3:00 AM4:00 A
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27-Jul27-Jul28-Jul28-Jul29-Jul30-Ju
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A range of air exchange rates was f
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the windows on the second floor, or
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Total Electric (kWh/m2)Total Gas (k
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Page 71 and 72: Chapter 4.0Modeling and Visualizati
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Page 75 and 76: lower and upper openings and natura
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Page 79 and 80: applications involving full-scale b
Page 81 and 82: digital camera with both manually o
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 5.0Dimensional Analysis and
Page 85 and 86: u oHgHT2uocu Hpo1Re Ar1Re Pr(5.7)(5
Page 87 and 88: X HM X HP(5.16)5.3.2 Kinematic Sim
Page 89 and 90: Radiation was found to have an impa
Page 91: height is used for the full-scale b
Page 94 and 95: 6.3 Model Descriptions6.3.1 Physica
Page 96 and 97: Figure 30. Floor Plan of the Protot
Page 98 and 99: Figure 31. North Facade of Model wi
Page 100 and 101: Monitoring data collected from the
Page 102 and 103: By default, there was no accounting
Page 104 and 105: 40-location card inserted into the
Page 106 and 107: 6.5 ExperimentsTo evaluate the mode
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Page 110 and 111: Figure 39. Two Heated Zone ModelWit
Page 112 and 113: minute interval, the model was assu
Page 114 and 115: Figure 42. Cross-Section of Wind-Ge
Page 116 and 117: Table 25. Wind-Assisted Ventilation
Page 118 and 119: Figure 44. Heaters and Zones for a)
Page 122 and 123: Where V is the outlet velocity, A o
Page 124 and 125: Table 32. Conduction Heat Loss for
Page 126 and 127: a) Air Modelb) Water ModelFigure 50
Page 128 and 129: Height from Floor (m)The temperatur
Page 130 and 131: Height from Floor (m)In the atrium
Page 132 and 133: First NorthUpper Window 0.17 m/s -0
Page 134 and 135: Height from Floor (m)the column at
Page 136 and 137: Height from Floor (m)Height from Fl
Page 138 and 139: Height from Floor (m)3.53.02.52.01.
Page 140 and 141: was less than 12 percent. These val
Page 142 and 143: Table 39. Variation of Outlet Wind
Page 144 and 145: temperature of the air was the same
Page 146 and 147: 3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
Page 148 and 149: 3.532.521.55m/s4m/s3m/s2m/s1m/s1.5m
Page 150 and 151: The average and exhaust internal bu
Page 152 and 153: Table 43. Calculated Wind and Buoya
Page 154 and 155: In the last two lines, for both the
Page 156 and 157: Figure 80. CFD Simulation of the Te
Page 158 and 159: uoyancy case the air from the groun
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Page 162 and 163: windows of naturally ventilated bui
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Page 166 and 167: simulations are able to do would al
Page 168 and 169: Bordass, W.T., A.K.R. Bromley and A
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Linddament, M. 1996. Why CO2? Air I
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172
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MODEL: K20-8SERIAL: 10047RECORDER_I
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2 Boiler-3 50.00 C1 N1 1.0 ON ON OF
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|PW|DESCRIP |KW |KWH|KVA|KVH|------
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2:5 ;day_ofYr17:P30 ;EOT = 0.000075
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2:3136:P30 ;DUM2 = -0.040891:-4.089
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;7:21 ;input location;8:0 ;mulptipl
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;79:P22 ;EXC w/DELAY (only for dela
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1:45 ;port5 (homeSense)2:31 ;exit l
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13:P95 ;ENDIF14:P95 ;ENDIF15:P3 ;pu
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2:20 ;RH30:P70 ;sample1:12:20 ;RH31
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194
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Five Windows Open: Upper versus Low
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One Window Open: Upper versus Lower
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25 cm / 3 m 24.33 26.62 22.68 22.93
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25 cm / 3 m 24.07 25.26 22.65 22.78
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Two Stacks Open Temperature Stratif
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Stacks Closed Temperature Stratific
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2.3 24.31 24.65 24.781.4 23.35 23.6
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0.6 20.56 20.67 20.94 21.22 21.41 2
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